シャドーイング練習: Phrasal verb prepositions: DOWN part 04: DOWN means DEFEAT - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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Hi everybody, and welcome back.
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Today, we're going to take another look at the preposition down and what it can mean when it is used with phrasal verbs.
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So, in a previous video we saw that down can mean topple.
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Now, we can extend the meaning of topple to get the idea of defeat.
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And the reason for this is that when somebody is defeated in a physical confrontation, they typically tend to topple over.
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So with that said, how do you think we could describe this animation?
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Here, a boxer strikes his opponent and defeats him So we can say the boxer knocks down his opponent.
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Knocks means strike and down means defeat.
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So the sentence just means The boxer strikes and defeats his opponent.
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Or the boxer defeats his opponent by striking him.
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Okay, so let's try a similar example.
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How do you think we could describe this using a phrasal verb with down in which down means defeat?
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Here, a samurai cuts his opponent and defeats him.
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So we can say the samurai cuts down his opponent.
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Cuts means cut and down means defeat so the sentence just means the samurai cuts and defeats his opponent.
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Or the samurai defeats his opponent by cutting him.
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Now, down can also mean defeat in a metaphorical way.
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So with that in mind, how do you think we could describe this using a phrasal verb with down where down means to metaphorically defeat something?
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Here, a committee votes against a proposal and defeats it.
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So we can say the committee votes down the proposal.
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Votes means vote, and down means defeat.
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So the sentence simply means the committee votes and defeats the proposal.
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Or the committee defeats the proposal by voting.
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So, I hoped this helped you understand the preposition down a little bit better and why it can sometimes mean defeat.
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And, we'll see you next time.
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Cheers.
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
このB1レベルのスピーキングレッスンは、動画「Phrasal verb prepositions: DOWN part 04: DOWN means DEFEAT」を教材にしています。 繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：defeat, opponent, vote, cut, samurai。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が26文、単語が319語あります。 音声の長さは3:45です。 話す速さはゆっくりで、1分あたり約85語です。一つ一つの音をまねる余裕があります。 英語の頻出3,000語に含まれる単語は78%だけなので、語彙は難しめです。
この動画の重要語彙
動画の中で特に難しい単語8語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| opponent 名詞 | /əˈpəʊ.nənt/ | 相手 |
| samurai 名詞 | /ˈsæməˌɹaɪ/ | 侍, 武士 |
| boxer 名詞 | /ˈbɑksɚ/ | ボクサー, 拳闘家 |
| verb 名詞 | /vɝb/ | 動詞 |
| preposition 名詞 | /ˌpɹɛpəˈzɪʃən/ | 前置詞 |
| metaphorical 形容詞 | /ˌmɛtəˈfɒɹɪkəl/ | 比喩的な |
| confrontation 名詞 | /ˌkɑn.fɹənˈteɪ.ʃən/ | 対決, 対立 |
| animation 名詞 | /ˌæn.ɪˈmeɪ.ʃən/ | アニメーション, アニメ |
注意したい発音
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: preposition /ˌpɹɛpəˈzɪʃən/, confrontation /ˌkɑn.fɹənˈteɪ.ʃən/, animation /ˌæn.ɪˈmeɪ.ʃən/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: preposition /ˌpɹɛpəˈzɪʃən/, metaphorical /ˌmɛtəˈfɒɹɪkəl/, confrontation /ˌkɑn.fɹənˈteɪ.ʃən/, animation /ˌæn.ɪˈmeɪ.ʃən/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- 通常の速度で一文ずつシャドーイングし、話し手のリズムに合うまで繰り返します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。opponent, samurai, boxerなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。