Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: Phrasal verb prepositions: DOWN part 04: DOWN means DEFEAT
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Hi everybody, and welcome back.
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Today, we're going to take another look at the preposition down and what it can mean when it is used with phrasal verbs.
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So, in a previous video we saw that down can mean topple.
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Now, we can extend the meaning of topple to get the idea of defeat.
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And the reason for this is that when somebody is defeated in a physical confrontation, they typically tend to topple over.
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So with that said, how do you think we could describe this animation?
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Here, a boxer strikes his opponent and defeats him So we can say the boxer knocks down his opponent.
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Knocks means strike and down means defeat.
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So the sentence just means The boxer strikes and defeats his opponent.
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Or the boxer defeats his opponent by striking him.
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Okay, so let's try a similar example.
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How do you think we could describe this using a phrasal verb with down in which down means defeat?
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Here, a samurai cuts his opponent and defeats him.
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So we can say the samurai cuts down his opponent.
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Cuts means cut and down means defeat so the sentence just means the samurai cuts and defeats his opponent.
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Or the samurai defeats his opponent by cutting him.
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Now, down can also mean defeat in a metaphorical way.
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So with that in mind, how do you think we could describe this using a phrasal verb with down where down means to metaphorically defeat something?
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Here, a committee votes against a proposal and defeats it.
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So we can say the committee votes down the proposal.
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Votes means vote, and down means defeat.
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So the sentence simply means the committee votes and defeats the proposal.
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Or the committee defeats the proposal by voting.
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So, I hoped this helped you understand the preposition down a little bit better and why it can sometimes mean defeat.
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And, we'll see you next time.
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Cheers.
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Vocabulary and speaking notes for this lesson
This B1 speaking lesson is built on the video “Phrasal verb prepositions: DOWN part 04: DOWN means DEFEAT”. The speaker keeps coming back to these words: defeat, opponent, vote, cut, samurai. This video has 26 sentences and 319 words to shadow. The speech runs for 3:45. The speaker talks slowly, about 85 words per minute, so there is time to copy every sound. Only 78% of the words are among the 3,000 most common in English, so the vocabulary is demanding.
Key vocabulary in this video
The 12 most advanced words in the video, with pronunciation and meaning:
| Word | Pronunciation | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| opponent noun | /əˈpəʊ.nənt/ | One who opposes another; one who works or takes a position against someone or something; one who attempts to stop the progress of someone or something. |
| samurai noun | /ˈsæməˌɹaɪ/ | In feudal Japan, a soldier who served a daimyo. |
| boxer noun | /ˈbɑksɚ/ | A participant in a boxing match; a fighter who boxes. |
| phrasal adjective | /ˈfɹeɪzəl/ | Relating to, or used in the manner of, a phrase. |
| topple verb | /ˈtɑpl̩/ | To push or throw over. |
| verb noun | /vɝb/ | A word that indicates an action, event, or state of being. |
| preposition noun | /ˌpɹɛpəˈzɪʃən/ | Any of a class of non-inflecting words and multiword terms typically employed to connect a following noun or a pronoun, in an adjectival or adverbial sense… |
| metaphorical adjective | /ˌmɛtəˈfɒɹɪkəl/ | Pertaining to or characterized by a metaphor; figurative; symbolic. |
| metaphorically adverb | In a metaphorical manner; not literally; by means of metaphor. | |
| confrontation noun | /ˌkɑn.fɹənˈteɪ.ʃən/ | The act of confronting or challenging another, especially face to face. |
| cheers | /t͡ʃɪəz/ | A common toast used when drinking in company. |
| animation noun | /ˌæn.ɪˈmeɪ.ʃən/ | The act of animating, or giving life or spirit. |
Phrasal verbs you will hear
| Word | Meaning |
|---|---|
| cut down verb | To cut downward. |
| knock down verb | To hit or knock (something or someone), intentionally or accidentally, so that it falls. |
Pronunciation to watch
- The “sh” and “zh” sounds: preposition /ˌpɹɛpəˈzɪʃən/, confrontation /ˌkɑn.fɹənˈteɪ.ʃən/, animation /ˌæn.ɪˈmeɪ.ʃən/
- Long words — get the stress right: preposition /ˌpɹɛpəˈzɪʃən/, metaphorical /ˌmɛtəˈfɒɹɪkəl/, confrontation /ˌkɑn.fɹənˈteɪ.ʃən/, animation /ˌæn.ɪˈmeɪ.ʃən/
How to practise with this video
- Listen to the whole video once without speaking and note the words you do not know.
- Shadow it sentence by sentence at normal speed, repeating each one until your rhythm matches the speaker.
- Record yourself and compare with the original, paying attention to words like opponent, samurai, boxer.
Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?
Shadowing là kỹ thuật học ngôn ngữ có cơ sở khoa học, ban đầu được phát triển cho chương trình đào tạo phiên dịch viên chuyên nghiệp và được phổ biến rộng rãi bởi nhà đa ngôn ngữ học Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Nguyên lý cốt lõi đơn giản nhưng cực kỳ hiệu quả: bạn nghe tiếng Anh của người bản xứ và lặp lại to ngay lập tức — như một "cái bóng" (shadow) đuổi theo người nói với độ trễ chỉ 1–2 giây. Khác với luyện ngữ pháp hay học từ vựng bị động, Shadowing buộc não bộ và cơ miệng phải đồng thời xử lý và tái tạo ngôn ngữ thực tế. Các nghiên cứu khoa học xác nhận phương pháp này cải thiện đáng kể phát âm, ngữ điệu, nhịp điệu, nối âm, kỹ năng nghe và độ lưu loát khi nói — đặc biệt hiệu quả cho người luyện IELTS Speaking và muốn giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.