Pratique du Shadowing: Phrasal verb prepositions: DOWN part 06: DOWN & UP mean ALONG - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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Hi everyone and welcome back.
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Today we're going to take another look at the prepositions up
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and down and what they can mean when used with phrasal verbs.
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So in a previous video, we saw that down looks like this and up looks like this.
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And strangely enough, we can extend both of these to get the idea of along.
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Now the reason for this has to do with the different ways we can perceive objects
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when they move along a horizontal surface.
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So to visualize this, let's imagine that we're standing on a flat surface, like a road, looking at an object.
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If the object starts moving along the road but away from us, it appears as if it's moving in in an upward direction.
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Therefore, we can associate the idea of along with the preposition up.
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At the same time, however, the object appears to decrease in size as it moves farther away.
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So we can also associate along with the preposition down, since the object's size appears to decrease. So, oddly enough,
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an object moving away from us along a horizontal surface can be associated with either the preposition up or down.
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Now, when the object moves along the road but towards us, the same thing happens in reverse.
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As it gets closer, its size appears to increase.
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So we can associate this with the preposition up.
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Yet, it also appears to be moving in a downward direction, so we can associate this with the preposition down.
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So, as you can see, movement along a horizontal surface in either direction could be perceived as either up or down.
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Unfortunately, there's no hard and fast rule about which preposition, up
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or down is the best one to use in a given situation as it depends on a variety of factors
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and is somewhat subjective.
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So let's take a look at some examples of phrasal verbs with up or down in which they mean along.
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How do you think we could describe this?
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Here, a car drives along a street.
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So we can say, the car drives up the street.
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Drives means drive, and up means along.
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So the sentence just means, the car drives along the street.
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Now we can also use down here instead of up to mean along.
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That is, we could also say, the car drives down the street.
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Either preposition would be fine.
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Alright, let's try another one.
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How do you think we could describe this using a phrasal verb with up or down?
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Here the bartender slides a drink along the bar.
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So we can say, the bartender slides the drink down the bar.
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Slides means slide, and down means along.
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So the sentence just means, the bartender slides the drink along the bar.
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Now, we could use the preposition up here as well.
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That is, we could say, the bartender slides the drink, ups the bar, although to my ears down would be a bit more natural in this situation.
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Okay, let's try one more.
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How do you think we could describe this.
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Here a man looks along the barrel of a gun.
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So we can say the man looks down the barrel of the gun.
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Looks means look and and down means along.
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So the sentence just means, the man looks along the barrel of the gun.
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Now, in this case, we probably wouldn't use the preposition up.
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That is, we wouldn't say the man looks up the barrel of the gun.
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This is because the phrasal verb look up has a separate meaning and might be a bit confusing to the listener.
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So, I hope this helped you understand the prepositions up
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and down a little bit better and why they both can mean along.
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And we'll see you next time.
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Cheers.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette vidéo contient 51 phrases et 632 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 5:49. Le locuteur parle lentement, environ 109 mots par minute, ce qui laisse le temps d’imiter chaque son. 86 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais ; le reste mérite d’être vu avant de commencer.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
15 mots de la vidéo à retenir, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| slide nom | /ˈslaɪ̯d/ | toboggan, glissoire |
| barrel nom | /ˈbæɹəl/ | tonneau, barrique |
| verb nom | /vɝb/ | verbe |
| bartender nom | /ˈbɑɹˌtɛndɚ/ | barman |
| horizontal adjectif | /ˌhoɹəˈzɑn.təl/ | horizontal |
| decrease verbe | /dɪˈkɹiːs/ | diminuer |
| perceive verbe | /pɚˈsiv/ | percevoir |
| ear nom | /ˈɪə̯/ | oreille |
| reverse nom | /ɹɪˈvɝs/ | contraire |
| extend verbe | /ɛkˈstɛnd/ | étendre |
| depend verbe | /dɪˈpɛnd/ | dépendre |
| cheers | /t͡ʃɪəz/ | à votre santé, santé |
| subjective adjectif | /səbˈd͡ʒɛktɪv/ | subjectif |
| confuse verbe | /kənˈfjuːz/ | rendre perplexe, confondre |
| strangely adverbe | /ˈstɹeɪnd͡ʒli/ | étrangement |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 5 contractions et formes réduites, comme we're, wouldn't, we'll. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, preposition /ˌpɹɛpəˈzɪʃən/, visualize /ˈvɪʒuəˌlaɪz/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, horizontal /ˌhoɹəˈzɑn.təl/, preposition /ˌpɹɛpəˈzɪʃən/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme slide, barrel, verb.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.