Shadowing Practice: The Latest Developments in Age Reversal Research - Learn English Speaking with Video
Les maken...
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The Joe Rogan Experience What what is the current state of science?
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As applied to longevity treatments like because I know that there's some pretty groundbreaking stuff that's in the pipeline right now Yeah,
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it's so since 2019 a lot of what we talked about has come true,
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which is the amazing thing We were speculating 2019 that we could potentially reverse aging
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And that was a sin to say that as a scientist publicly in those days.
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I put it in the book.
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And it's actually come true since then, certainly for the lab, for mice, monkeys.
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And now we have a human clinical trial, the first potential human age reversal technologies in people right now.
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Listen, it completely seems logical.
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The idea that that at one point in time would have been heresy in science to discuss it.
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That seems crazy.
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Like if we if people get old we understand the mechanism why couldn't we reverse it?
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Well, I think for a long time we had to accept it in the way
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that cancer used to be accepted 200 years ago probably there was nothing you could do about it
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And then my colleagues and I found
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that aging has a root cause That's the same in pretty much every cell in the body
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and that we could control that and that there were genes that not only slowed it down
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But in 2020 we had a big publication that showed we could actually safely for the first time reverse that process
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like reinstalling software in the cell to make it work again.
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And so what is the pro- is that using CRISPR?
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Like what are you using to...
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Well, we deliver genes into the body like CRISPR.
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I have a little prop here I brought.
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What is that?
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In my pocket here.
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This is a representation of how we deliver the age reversal genes.
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It's a virus-like capsule that we make in the lab.
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And this is what's going into the patients right now, into their eyes.
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Whoa initially And the eye is a good place to start.
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How do you pick the people to get on these tests?
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They volunteer
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I was really fortunate to see the first patient get dosed earlier this year
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and That person bravely volunteered to be the first person to get
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Trillions of these injected into his eye to see if it could cure his glaucoma loss of vision
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I bet if you have glaucoma, you're probably like, listen, what's the worst that could happen?
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Well, exactly.
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He pretty much was totally blind in one eye, and so there's really nothing that he has to lose.
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There's a risk that something might go wrong, but not really.
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The good news is, and I can report to everybody around the world, that nothing's gone wrong so far.
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Everything's proceeding according to plan, and we're at a turning point, potentially, in human history, if it works.
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So I interrupted you but explain this little virus transport system.
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Oh sure and for those of you listening I've got a little rubber ball with spikes on it.
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It looks a bit like COVID but don't be scared of it.
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It's not a pathogenic virus it's actually a domesticated version of a virus and this little plastic ball has little adapters.
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These red balls on the surface of the big ball
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target it to the cells in the back of the eye and you can change the balls to target different tissues.
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We could change that outside little spike and target it to the liver, which we've done, and cured mice of their fatty liver disease as well.
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But this one's for the eye, and within that big ball is a protein capsule,
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and inside the protein capsule is our DNA special delivery, which we call OSK or Or ER 100,
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ER 100 is Epigenetic Reprogramming 100, the drug that we know when we put it into human cells, it makes them younger.
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And then they work like they were young again.
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This sounds like the beginning of a horror movie.
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You know what I mean?
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Like the scientist is on a talk show, and the scientist is explaining it, and everyone's at home with their coffee like, wow, this is wonderful.
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We're going to get younger again.
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And then the scientist says, don't worry, it's all gonna work out great.
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28 days later, garbage in the streets, cars on fire, the guy's waking up from a coma, doesn't know what happened, Yeah.
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Goes outside, these optimized humans are eating each other.
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I admit, I admit, it is science fiction, and I even have to pinch myself that it's actually happening.
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But we've done a lot of safety studies, and this trial is FDA approved, because they've looked at all the data.
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Well, God knows they never fuck anything up.
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Yeah, I figured you might say that.
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Perfect!
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Yeah, well it's in the eye, so that's why we start with the eye.
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It's enclosed.
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It's not going to spread nobody's going to grow another eye.
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And so these trillions of cells that you're putting into the eyes.
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The little capsule the virus like particles.
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I shouldn't call them cells.
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Trillions of capsules that you're putting into the eye.
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What are they doing for glaucoma?
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Well, what they're doing is there are three genes in this DNA package and I call them OSK.
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OSK are three special genes that we found safely reprogram cells
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and reboot the backup copy of youth which we now believe exists in our body.
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That's a big deal
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that there's a backup copy of youth even an old person I don't see
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that an old person anymore on the street I just see a person that needs to be rebooted.
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These OSK genes...
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You just see, wait a minute, hold on.
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When you see old people, you don't see old people, you just say, oh, that poor person needs to be rebooted.
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You're doing the perfect job for you.
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Like, your personality is perfectly suited for your occupation.
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If that's how you actually look at people?
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Well, I do, and the reason is that we all have this backup copy that the DNA,
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The instructions to be young that made us into who we are as kids is still in our bodies, almost largely intact.
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You just need to read it again.
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And that's why reinstalling software or...
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I used to use the analogy of a CD.
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Kids these days probably don't know what a CD is.
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It's a little plastic circle like a record that we used to put 20 songs on.
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It was awesome at the time.
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I think most people know.
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I'm kidding.
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It's a bit of a silly joke.
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Maybe a 10-year-old does.
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When I teach kids at Harvard, most of them have never held a CD.
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Isn't that wild?
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Yeah.
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Though they're not coming back, but albums definitely.
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So think of it like an album that you scratch.
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And the scratches are like aging, and we are getting rid of the scratches with these three genes, OSK.
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So let me tell you how these three genes work, we found.
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There was a person whose name is well known in science circles called Shinya Yamanaka,
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from Japan obviously, and he discovered that there was a set of four genes that could reliably make adult cells,
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like skin cells, into stem cells.
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And he deservedly won the Nobel Prize for that in 2006.
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But that wouldn't be useful here.
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If I turned you into a bunch of stem cells, you'd probably die within a few minutes.
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So we don't want to do that.
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And cancer is also a potential.
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So it took us about, well, from 2019 it took us a while to figure out
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that if we leave out one of the Aminaka genes and just use three, OSK, leave out the other one called them, we get safe age reversal,
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about 75-80% back to youth, but no further.
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We don't go back to zero, which is what Yamanaka did.
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And instead of cells losing their identity, which is what a stem cell has, no identity, we regain identity.
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So it's actually, I could draw graphs, but it doesn't really help listeners.
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But basically old age is losing identity of your cells, so they don't work, they forget how to work.
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That's what we think old age in my lab and stem cells have no identity.
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It was like a very early embryo.
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In between, our cells have a lot of identity.
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They function beautifully.
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We're in our 20s.
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We're at peak and what we've done is we've figured out how to go back towards youth, get these cells to work like they did again,
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get the backup copy somewhere it exists.
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We're looking for it and now cells actually behave like they did
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when we were 20 and
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if it works we're gonna have glaucoma patients seeing for the first time
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and that's the beginning of a whole cascade of drugs that I want to develop
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For diseases of aging and eventually whole body rejuvenation
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So the initial experiments are on glaucoma
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because it's a contained thing the eyeball is a contained thing And you could do it that way.
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Yeah, my student one Cheng Lu who was doing this in
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2017 I said let's do the liver Let's rejuvenate the liver
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and he said no the eye is a good idea and he was right So that's exactly why we chose that first.
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But just think about how many people have vision problems.
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It's 40 million Just in the US for glaucoma
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Macular degeneration is even more and in the lab we can cure
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that as well in the mice now macular degeneration and
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Glaucoma these are diseases of aging right you would say or glaucoma is a disease Oh, yeah What about people that have had eyeball injuries
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and things like is there a backup copy of the eyeball where you could sort of reformat the eyeball structure?
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You should come work in my lab at least come visit.
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I would love to visit.
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And the reason I say that is that's the exact question that we're asking.
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Mmm.
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We showed that even if you injure say a nerve
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whether it's peripheral on in your arm or in your brain or in the eye like the optic nerve
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we can regrow those back to where they were.
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And actually in 2020, on the cover of Nature magazine, there was the picture of an eye.
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And in the paper we published, you could see the nerves regrowing back.
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And so we think that injury is also treatable.
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Actually, a group in China just took out technology, this OSK stuff, put it into mice that had bad joints, and it regrew their muscle and their bone back to normal.
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Whoa.
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And so we're also looking at treating injury, back injury joints, osteoarthritis.
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That would be phenomenal, because there's so many people that are suffering from arthritis.
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I know so many people with injuries, like martial arts injuries.
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I have one my left knee is fucked up.
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It's annoying.
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I keep it together I've got it like main I maintain it, but it's always an issue I have to stay on it.
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I and there's little you can do like stem cells a little bit of relief
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But not stem cells give you relief
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But not when once you're dealing with cartilage damage
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And you're dealing with the I had a meniscus surgery where they took out a piece of my meniscus
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and I had my ACL Reconstructed on that knee as well.
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It's it's just an issue
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But it works pretty good for like what it should be like if we were living in the 1930s.
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I'd be a cripple
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You know hang in there
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because we're gonna be in a world where you can rebuild parts of the body including joints The problem with
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that is like how does that apply to athletics?
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We're gonna have fucking super soldiers in every sport There's gonna be people in every sport
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that could do what Michael Jordan didn't like leap from halfway across the basketball court and dunk
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That's probably coming and there may be DNA tests to see if you've got these OSK genes inserted.
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And we're working on it, working on a drink and a pill as well.
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A drink and a pill?
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Yeah, I mean we're now eight years ahead of what the public realizes.
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Really?
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In my lab at Harvard, yeah.
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A drink and a pill, and what's a drink and a pill gonna do?
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Well, right now it's in mice, so we've still got a ways to go, but when we give the drink to mice, they get rejuvenated.
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You just give it to 80 year olds.
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If you're on the way out, like, let's fucking go.
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Like, give it a chance.
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Well, this is what the FDA is for.
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They forbid that.
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Yeah, that's why we need to get rid of them.
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Get rid of the FDA and just give it to old people.
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If I was an old guy, and I was like, hanging in there, and I'm walking around with a...
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And you're like, look, this drink and a pill might kill you, or you might be like a 30-year-old again.
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I'm like, let's fucking go!
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Let's fucking go!
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Well, I get emails a lot.
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I've had to take my emails off public access, Because there's a lot of people that want this.
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Oh, I'm sure there was one guy
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that wouldn't leave The building until he saw me so it's getting to that point Yeah, there's a little bit of that right people get a little selfish like it's all about them.
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Yeah, and actually the US
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Government blocked an investment from a foreign country into one of my companies because they were afraid of super soldiers
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What country well they're afraid of technology getting out Which which country could I guess?
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Sure.
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China!
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It wasn't. Was it?
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No. Russia?
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It was somewhere in between here and China.
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Oh, well that's pretty vague.
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It's a little, uh, it's a little sensitive.
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But yeah, the US government does have the ability to block foreign investment and they did in this case.
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160 million bucks they blocked.
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Wow.
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That was a painful episode.
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So they were worried that people were gonna actually engineer super soldiers.
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Thank you.
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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les
Deze spreekles op niveau B2 is gebaseerd op de video “The Latest Developments in Age Reversal Research”. Deze woorden komen het vaakst terug: cell, eye, genes. Deze video bevat 210 zinnen en 2411 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 13:21. De spreker praat snel, ongeveer 181 woorden per minuut, dus reken op verbonden en ingeslikte klanken. 83% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden; de rest kun je beter vooraf bekijken.
Belangrijke woorden in deze video
De 15 moeilijkste woorden uit de video, met uitspraak en betekenis:
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| glaucoma zelfstandig naamwoord | /ɡlɔːˈkoʊmə/ | glaucoom, groene staar |
| pill zelfstandig naamwoord | /pɪl/ | pil |
| eyeball zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈaɪ.bɔl/ | oogappel |
| reboot werkwoord | /ˈɹiːbuːt/ | herstarten, heropstarten |
| scratch werkwoord | /skɹæt͡ʃ/ | krassen, krabben |
| nerve zelfstandig naamwoord | /nɝv/ | zenuw, neuronenbundel |
| rejuvenate werkwoord | /ɹɪˈd͡ʒuːvəneɪt/ | verjongen |
| spike zelfstandig naamwoord | /spaɪk/ | stekel |
| cartilage zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈkɑɹ.təl.ɪd͡ʒ/ | kraakbeen |
| cascade zelfstandig naamwoord | /kæsˈkeɪd/ | waterval |
| domesticate werkwoord | /dəˈmɛ.stɪ.keɪt/ | domesticeren |
| embryo zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈɛmbɹi.oʊ/ | embryo |
| enclose werkwoord | /ɪnˈkloʊz/ | omheinen |
| groundbreaking bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˈɡɹaʊndˌbɹeɪkɪŋ/ | baanbrekend, grensverleggend |
| heresy zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈhɛɹəsi/ | dwaalleer, ketterij |
Phrasal verbs die je zult horen
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| figure out werkwoord | uitvogelen, er achter komen | |
| come back werkwoord | terugkomen | |
| go back werkwoord | teruggaan | |
| work out werkwoord | /ˌwɝk ˈaʊt/ | uitrekenen |
Zinnen om te herhalen
Korte, volledige zinnen uit de video die je in alledaagse gesprekken kunt gebruiken:
- How do you pick the people to get on these tests?
- You know what I mean?
- We're going to get younger again.
- I shouldn't call them cells.
- If that's how you actually look at people?
Grammatica in deze video
De structuren die de spreker het meest gebruikt, met de exacte woorden uit de video:
| Structuur | In de video |
|---|---|
| “Used to” used to + werkwoord — een vroegere gewoonte of toestand die niet meer klopt | used to be · used to use · used to put |
| Present perfect have/has + voltooid deelwoord — iets uit het verleden dat nu nog telt | has come · we've done · have never held |
| Lijdende vorm be + voltooid deelwoord — het gaat om wat er gebeurt, niet om wie het doet | be accepted · be rebooted · is fucked |
| Betrekkelijke bijzinnen who / which + zin — extra informatie over een persoon of ding | zero, which is · identity, which is |
Uitspraak om op te letten
De spreker gebruikt 63 samentrekkingen en verkorte vormen, zoals we're, don't, you're. Spreek ze kort uit, zoals je ze hoort.
- De “th”-klanken: pathogenic /pæθəˈd͡ʒɛnɪk/, arthritis /ɑːˈθɹ(a)ɪtɪs/, athletic /æθˈlɛt.ɪk/
- De klanken “sh” en “zh”: degeneration /dɪˌdʒɛnəˈɹeɪʃən/, martial /ˈmɑɹʃəl/, selfish /ˈsɛlf.ɪʃ/, instruction /ɪnˈstɹʌkʃən/, occupation /ˌɑkjʊˈpeɪʃən/
- Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: degeneration /dɪˌdʒɛnəˈɹeɪʃən/, rejuvenate /ɹɪˈd͡ʒuːvəneɪt/, deservedly /dɪˈzɜːvɪdli/, domesticate /dəˈmɛ.stɪ.keɪt/, pathogenic /pæθəˈd͡ʒɛnɪk/
Klanken die Nederlandstaligen lastig vinden:
- Stemhebbende eindmedeklinker — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ niet verscherpen: nerve /nɝv/, cartilage /ˈkɑɹ.təl.ɪd͡ʒ/, cascade /kæsˈkeɪd/, enclose /ɪnˈkloʊz/, optimize /ˈɑptɪmaɪz/
- /æ/ — opener dan de Nederlandse “e”: capsule /ˈkæps(ə)l/, scratch /skɹæt͡ʃ/, macular /ˈmækjəlɚ/, cascade /kæsˈkeɪd/, pathogenic /pæθəˈd͡ʒɛnɪk/
- /g/ — een harde plofklank, geen Nederlandse “g”: glaucoma /ɡlɔːˈkoʊmə/, groundbreaking /ˈɡɹaʊndˌbɹeɪkɪŋ/, regain /ɹiːˈɡeɪn/, vague /veɪɡ/, colleague /ˈkɒliːɡ/
Zo oefen je met deze video
- Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
- Begin op 0,75× snelheid, spreek zin voor zin na en ga terug naar normale snelheid zodra het makkelijk gaat.
- Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als glaucoma, pill, eyeball.
Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?
Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.