쉐도잉 연습: The Latest Developments in Age Reversal Research - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

The Joe Rogan Experience What what is the current state of science?

As applied to longevity treatments like because I know that there's some pretty groundbreaking stuff that's in the pipeline right now Yeah,

it's so since 2019 a lot of what we talked about has come true,

which is the amazing thing We were speculating 2019 that we could potentially reverse aging

And that was a sin to say that as a scientist publicly in those days.

I put it in the book.

And it's actually come true since then, certainly for the lab, for mice, monkeys.

And now we have a human clinical trial, the first potential human age reversal technologies in people right now.

Listen, it completely seems logical.

The idea that that at one point in time would have been heresy in science to discuss it.

That seems crazy.

Like if we if people get old we understand the mechanism why couldn't we reverse it?

Well, I think for a long time we had to accept it in the way

that cancer used to be accepted 200 years ago probably there was nothing you could do about it

And then my colleagues and I found

that aging has a root cause That's the same in pretty much every cell in the body

and that we could control that and that there were genes that not only slowed it down

But in 2020 we had a big publication that showed we could actually safely for the first time reverse that process

like reinstalling software in the cell to make it work again.

And so what is the pro- is that using CRISPR?

Like what are you using to...

Well, we deliver genes into the body like CRISPR.

I have a little prop here I brought.

What is that?

In my pocket here.

This is a representation of how we deliver the age reversal genes.

It's a virus-like capsule that we make in the lab.

And this is what's going into the patients right now, into their eyes.

Whoa initially And the eye is a good place to start.

How do you pick the people to get on these tests?

They volunteer

I was really fortunate to see the first patient get dosed earlier this year

and That person bravely volunteered to be the first person to get

Trillions of these injected into his eye to see if it could cure his glaucoma loss of vision

I bet if you have glaucoma, you're probably like, listen, what's the worst that could happen?

Well, exactly.

He pretty much was totally blind in one eye, and so there's really nothing that he has to lose.

There's a risk that something might go wrong, but not really.

The good news is, and I can report to everybody around the world, that nothing's gone wrong so far.

Everything's proceeding according to plan, and we're at a turning point, potentially, in human history, if it works.

So I interrupted you but explain this little virus transport system.

Oh sure and for those of you listening I've got a little rubber ball with spikes on it.

It looks a bit like COVID but don't be scared of it.

It's not a pathogenic virus it's actually a domesticated version of a virus and this little plastic ball has little adapters.

These red balls on the surface of the big ball

target it to the cells in the back of the eye and you can change the balls to target different tissues.

We could change that outside little spike and target it to the liver, which we've done, and cured mice of their fatty liver disease as well.

But this one's for the eye, and within that big ball is a protein capsule,

and inside the protein capsule is our DNA special delivery, which we call OSK or Or ER 100,

ER 100 is Epigenetic Reprogramming 100, the drug that we know when we put it into human cells, it makes them younger.

And then they work like they were young again.

This sounds like the beginning of a horror movie.

You know what I mean?

Like the scientist is on a talk show, and the scientist is explaining it, and everyone's at home with their coffee like, wow, this is wonderful.

We're going to get younger again.

And then the scientist says, don't worry, it's all gonna work out great.

28 days later, garbage in the streets, cars on fire, the guy's waking up from a coma, doesn't know what happened, Yeah.

Goes outside, these optimized humans are eating each other.

I admit, I admit, it is science fiction, and I even have to pinch myself that it's actually happening.

But we've done a lot of safety studies, and this trial is FDA approved, because they've looked at all the data.

Well, God knows they never fuck anything up.

Yeah, I figured you might say that.

Perfect!

Yeah, well it's in the eye, so that's why we start with the eye.

It's enclosed.

It's not going to spread nobody's going to grow another eye.

And so these trillions of cells that you're putting into the eyes.

The little capsule the virus like particles.

I shouldn't call them cells.

Trillions of capsules that you're putting into the eye.

What are they doing for glaucoma?

Well, what they're doing is there are three genes in this DNA package and I call them OSK.

OSK are three special genes that we found safely reprogram cells

and reboot the backup copy of youth which we now believe exists in our body.

That's a big deal

that there's a backup copy of youth even an old person I don't see

that an old person anymore on the street I just see a person that needs to be rebooted.

These OSK genes...

You just see, wait a minute, hold on.

When you see old people, you don't see old people, you just say, oh, that poor person needs to be rebooted.

You're doing the perfect job for you.

Like, your personality is perfectly suited for your occupation.

If that's how you actually look at people?

Well, I do, and the reason is that we all have this backup copy that the DNA,

The instructions to be young that made us into who we are as kids is still in our bodies, almost largely intact.

You just need to read it again.

And that's why reinstalling software or...

I used to use the analogy of a CD.

Kids these days probably don't know what a CD is.

It's a little plastic circle like a record that we used to put 20 songs on.

It was awesome at the time.

I think most people know.

I'm kidding.

It's a bit of a silly joke.

Maybe a 10-year-old does.

When I teach kids at Harvard, most of them have never held a CD.

Isn't that wild?

Yeah.

Though they're not coming back, but albums definitely.

100

So think of it like an album that you scratch.

101

And the scratches are like aging, and we are getting rid of the scratches with these three genes, OSK.

102

So let me tell you how these three genes work, we found.

103

There was a person whose name is well known in science circles called Shinya Yamanaka,

104

from Japan obviously, and he discovered that there was a set of four genes that could reliably make adult cells,

105

like skin cells, into stem cells.

106

And he deservedly won the Nobel Prize for that in 2006.

107

But that wouldn't be useful here.

108

If I turned you into a bunch of stem cells, you'd probably die within a few minutes.

109

So we don't want to do that.

110

And cancer is also a potential.

111

So it took us about, well, from 2019 it took us a while to figure out

112

that if we leave out one of the Aminaka genes and just use three, OSK, leave out the other one called them, we get safe age reversal,

113

about 75-80% back to youth, but no further.

114

We don't go back to zero, which is what Yamanaka did.

115

And instead of cells losing their identity, which is what a stem cell has, no identity, we regain identity.

116

So it's actually, I could draw graphs, but it doesn't really help listeners.

117

But basically old age is losing identity of your cells, so they don't work, they forget how to work.

118

That's what we think old age in my lab and stem cells have no identity.

119

It was like a very early embryo.

120

In between, our cells have a lot of identity.

121

They function beautifully.

122

We're in our 20s.

123

We're at peak and what we've done is we've figured out how to go back towards youth, get these cells to work like they did again,

124

get the backup copy somewhere it exists.

125

We're looking for it and now cells actually behave like they did

126

when we were 20 and

127

if it works we're gonna have glaucoma patients seeing for the first time

128

and that's the beginning of a whole cascade of drugs that I want to develop

129

For diseases of aging and eventually whole body rejuvenation

130

So the initial experiments are on glaucoma

131

because it's a contained thing the eyeball is a contained thing And you could do it that way.

132

Yeah, my student one Cheng Lu who was doing this in

133

2017 I said let's do the liver Let's rejuvenate the liver

134

and he said no the eye is a good idea and he was right So that's exactly why we chose that first.

135

But just think about how many people have vision problems.

136

It's 40 million Just in the US for glaucoma

137

Macular degeneration is even more and in the lab we can cure

138

that as well in the mice now macular degeneration and

139

Glaucoma these are diseases of aging right you would say or glaucoma is a disease Oh, yeah What about people that have had eyeball injuries

140

and things like is there a backup copy of the eyeball where you could sort of reformat the eyeball structure?

141

You should come work in my lab at least come visit.

142

I would love to visit.

143

And the reason I say that is that's the exact question that we're asking.

144

Mmm.

145

We showed that even if you injure say a nerve

146

whether it's peripheral on in your arm or in your brain or in the eye like the optic nerve

147

we can regrow those back to where they were.

148

And actually in 2020, on the cover of Nature magazine, there was the picture of an eye.

149

And in the paper we published, you could see the nerves regrowing back.

150

And so we think that injury is also treatable.

151

Actually, a group in China just took out technology, this OSK stuff, put it into mice that had bad joints, and it regrew their muscle and their bone back to normal.

152

Whoa.

153

And so we're also looking at treating injury, back injury joints, osteoarthritis.

154

That would be phenomenal, because there's so many people that are suffering from arthritis.

155

I know so many people with injuries, like martial arts injuries.

156

I have one my left knee is fucked up.

157

It's annoying.

158

I keep it together I've got it like main I maintain it, but it's always an issue I have to stay on it.

159

I and there's little you can do like stem cells a little bit of relief

160

But not stem cells give you relief

161

But not when once you're dealing with cartilage damage

162

And you're dealing with the I had a meniscus surgery where they took out a piece of my meniscus

163

and I had my ACL Reconstructed on that knee as well.

164

It's it's just an issue

165

But it works pretty good for like what it should be like if we were living in the 1930s.

166

I'd be a cripple

167

You know hang in there

168

because we're gonna be in a world where you can rebuild parts of the body including joints The problem with

169

that is like how does that apply to athletics?

170

We're gonna have fucking super soldiers in every sport There's gonna be people in every sport

171

that could do what Michael Jordan didn't like leap from halfway across the basketball court and dunk

172

That's probably coming and there may be DNA tests to see if you've got these OSK genes inserted.

173

And we're working on it, working on a drink and a pill as well.

174

A drink and a pill?

175

Yeah, I mean we're now eight years ahead of what the public realizes.

176

Really?

177

In my lab at Harvard, yeah.

178

A drink and a pill, and what's a drink and a pill gonna do?

179

Well, right now it's in mice, so we've still got a ways to go, but when we give the drink to mice, they get rejuvenated.

180

You just give it to 80 year olds.

181

If you're on the way out, like, let's fucking go.

182

Like, give it a chance.

183

Well, this is what the FDA is for.

184

They forbid that.

185

Yeah, that's why we need to get rid of them.

186

Get rid of the FDA and just give it to old people.

187

If I was an old guy, and I was like, hanging in there, and I'm walking around with a...

188

And you're like, look, this drink and a pill might kill you, or you might be like a 30-year-old again.

189

I'm like, let's fucking go!

190

Let's fucking go!

191

Well, I get emails a lot.

192

I've had to take my emails off public access, Because there's a lot of people that want this.

193

Oh, I'm sure there was one guy

194

that wouldn't leave The building until he saw me so it's getting to that point Yeah, there's a little bit of that right people get a little selfish like it's all about them.

195

Yeah, and actually the US

196

Government blocked an investment from a foreign country into one of my companies because they were afraid of super soldiers

197

What country well they're afraid of technology getting out Which which country could I guess?

198

Sure.

199

China!

200

It wasn't. Was it?

201

No. Russia?

202

It was somewhere in between here and China.

203

Oh, well that's pretty vague.

204

It's a little, uh, it's a little sensitive.

205

But yeah, the US government does have the ability to block foreign investment and they did in this case.

206

160 million bucks they blocked.

207

Wow.

208

That was a painful episode.

209

So they were worried that people were gonna actually engineer super soldiers.

210

Thank you.

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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트

이 B2 수준 말하기 레슨은 영상 “The Latest Developments in Age Reversal Research”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 가장 자주 반복되는 단어는 다음과 같습니다: cell, eye, genes. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 210개와 단어 2411개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 13:21입니다. 화자는 분당 약 181단어로 빠르게 말하므로 연음과 약하게 발음되는 소리가 많습니다. 단어의 83%가 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속합니다. 나머지는 연습 전에 미리 확인해 두세요.

이 영상의 핵심 어휘

영상에서 가장 어려운 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.

단어	발음	뜻
glaucoma 명사	/ɡlɔːˈkoʊmə/	녹내장
capsule 명사	/ˈkæps(ə)l/	삭과
pill 명사	/pɪl/	알약, 알
eyeball 명사	/ˈaɪ.bɔl/	눈알, 안구
reboot 동사	/ˈɹiːbuːt/	재시동한 위하여
scratch 동사	/skɹæt͡ʃ/	긁다, 할퀴다
nerve 명사	/nɝv/	신경
reinstall 동사		재설치하다
cartilage 명사	/ˈkɑɹ.təl.ɪd͡ʒ/	연골
embryo 명사	/ˈɛmbɹi.oʊ/	태아
heresy 명사	/ˈhɛɹəsi/	이단, 사교
injure 동사	/ˈɪn.d͡ʒɚ/	해치다
osteoarthritis 명사		골관절염
rejuvenation 명사		회춘
listener 명사	/ˈlɪs(ə)nɚ/	경청자, 청취자

영상에 나오는 구동사

단어	뜻
come back 동사	돌아오다
get out 동사	나오다, 나가다
go back 동사	돌아가다

따라 말해 볼 만한 문장

영상에 나오는 짧고 완결된 문장으로, 일상 대화에서 그대로 쓸 수 있습니다:

How do you pick the people to get on these tests?
You know what I mean?
We're going to get younger again.
I shouldn't call them cells.
If that's how you actually look at people?

이 영상의 문법

화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.

문형	영상 속 표현
“used to” used to + 동사 — 지금은 아닌 과거의 습관이나 상태	used to be · used to use · used to put
현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때	has come · we've done · have never held
수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점	be accepted · be rebooted · is fucked
관계절 who / which + 절 — 사람이나 사물에 대한 추가 정보	zero, which is · identity, which is

주의할 발음

화자는 we're, don't, you're 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 63번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.

“th” 소리: pathogenic /pæθəˈd͡ʒɛnɪk/, arthritis /ɑːˈθɹ(a)ɪtɪs/, athletic /æθˈlɛt.ɪk/
“sh”와 “zh” 소리: degeneration /dɪˌdʒɛnəˈɹeɪʃən/, martial /ˈmɑɹʃəl/, selfish /ˈsɛlf.ɪʃ/, instruction /ɪnˈstɹʌkʃən/, occupation /ˌɑkjʊˈpeɪʃən/
긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: degeneration /dɪˌdʒɛnəˈɹeɪʃən/, rejuvenate /ɹɪˈd͡ʒuːvəneɪt/, deservedly /dɪˈzɜːvɪdli/, domesticate /dəˈmɛ.stɪ.keɪt/, pathogenic /pæθəˈd͡ʒɛnɪk/

한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:

/f/ — ㅍ(/p/)으로 바꾸지 말고 윗니를 아랫입술에 대기: peripheral /pəˈɹɪf(ə)ɹ(ə)l/, forbid /fɚˈbɪd/, phenomenal /fɪˈnɒmɪnəl/, beautifully /ˈbju.tɪ.fə.li/, fortunate /ˈfɔɹ.t͡ʃə.nɪt/
/v/ — ㅂ(/b/)과 구별하기: reversal /ɹɪˈvɜː(ɹ)səl/, nerve /nɝv/, rejuvenate /ɹɪˈd͡ʒuːvəneɪt/, bravely /ˈbɹeɪvli/, deservedly /dɪˈzɜːvɪdli/
/z/ — ㅈ이 아니라 성대를 울리는 /s/: deservedly /dɪˈzɜːvɪdli/, enclose /ɪnˈkloʊz/, optimize /ˈɑptɪmaɪz/

이 영상으로 연습하는 방법

먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
0.75배속으로 한 문장씩 섀도잉을 시작하고, 익숙해지면 보통 속도로 돌아갑니다.
자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, glaucoma, capsule, pill 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

섀도잉 방법: 단계별 전체 가이드 읽기 →

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쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법