शैडोइंग अभ्यास: The Latest Developments in Age Reversal Research - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें
पाठ बनाया जा रहा है...
1
The Joe Rogan Experience What what is the current state of science?
2
As applied to longevity treatments like because I know that there's some pretty groundbreaking stuff that's in the pipeline right now Yeah,
3
it's so since 2019 a lot of what we talked about has come true,
4
which is the amazing thing We were speculating 2019 that we could potentially reverse aging
5
And that was a sin to say that as a scientist publicly in those days.
6
I put it in the book.
7
And it's actually come true since then, certainly for the lab, for mice, monkeys.
8
And now we have a human clinical trial, the first potential human age reversal technologies in people right now.
9
Listen, it completely seems logical.
10
The idea that that at one point in time would have been heresy in science to discuss it.
11
That seems crazy.
12
Like if we if people get old we understand the mechanism why couldn't we reverse it?
13
Well, I think for a long time we had to accept it in the way
14
that cancer used to be accepted 200 years ago probably there was nothing you could do about it
15
And then my colleagues and I found
16
that aging has a root cause That's the same in pretty much every cell in the body
17
and that we could control that and that there were genes that not only slowed it down
18
But in 2020 we had a big publication that showed we could actually safely for the first time reverse that process
19
like reinstalling software in the cell to make it work again.
20
And so what is the pro- is that using CRISPR?
21
Like what are you using to...
22
Well, we deliver genes into the body like CRISPR.
23
I have a little prop here I brought.
24
What is that?
25
In my pocket here.
26
This is a representation of how we deliver the age reversal genes.
27
It's a virus-like capsule that we make in the lab.
28
And this is what's going into the patients right now, into their eyes.
29
Whoa initially And the eye is a good place to start.
30
How do you pick the people to get on these tests?
31
They volunteer
32
I was really fortunate to see the first patient get dosed earlier this year
33
and That person bravely volunteered to be the first person to get
34
Trillions of these injected into his eye to see if it could cure his glaucoma loss of vision
35
I bet if you have glaucoma, you're probably like, listen, what's the worst that could happen?
36
Well, exactly.
37
He pretty much was totally blind in one eye, and so there's really nothing that he has to lose.
38
There's a risk that something might go wrong, but not really.
39
The good news is, and I can report to everybody around the world, that nothing's gone wrong so far.
40
Everything's proceeding according to plan, and we're at a turning point, potentially, in human history, if it works.
41
So I interrupted you but explain this little virus transport system.
42
Oh sure and for those of you listening I've got a little rubber ball with spikes on it.
43
It looks a bit like COVID but don't be scared of it.
44
It's not a pathogenic virus it's actually a domesticated version of a virus and this little plastic ball has little adapters.
45
These red balls on the surface of the big ball
46
target it to the cells in the back of the eye and you can change the balls to target different tissues.
47
We could change that outside little spike and target it to the liver, which we've done, and cured mice of their fatty liver disease as well.
48
But this one's for the eye, and within that big ball is a protein capsule,
49
and inside the protein capsule is our DNA special delivery, which we call OSK or Or ER 100,
50
ER 100 is Epigenetic Reprogramming 100, the drug that we know when we put it into human cells, it makes them younger.
51
And then they work like they were young again.
52
This sounds like the beginning of a horror movie.
53
You know what I mean?
54
Like the scientist is on a talk show, and the scientist is explaining it, and everyone's at home with their coffee like, wow, this is wonderful.
55
We're going to get younger again.
56
And then the scientist says, don't worry, it's all gonna work out great.
57
28 days later, garbage in the streets, cars on fire, the guy's waking up from a coma, doesn't know what happened, Yeah.
58
Goes outside, these optimized humans are eating each other.
59
I admit, I admit, it is science fiction, and I even have to pinch myself that it's actually happening.
60
But we've done a lot of safety studies, and this trial is FDA approved, because they've looked at all the data.
61
Well, God knows they never fuck anything up.
62
Yeah, I figured you might say that.
63
Perfect!
64
Yeah, well it's in the eye, so that's why we start with the eye.
65
It's enclosed.
66
It's not going to spread nobody's going to grow another eye.
67
And so these trillions of cells that you're putting into the eyes.
68
The little capsule the virus like particles.
69
I shouldn't call them cells.
70
Trillions of capsules that you're putting into the eye.
71
What are they doing for glaucoma?
72
Well, what they're doing is there are three genes in this DNA package and I call them OSK.
73
OSK are three special genes that we found safely reprogram cells
74
and reboot the backup copy of youth which we now believe exists in our body.
75
That's a big deal
76
that there's a backup copy of youth even an old person I don't see
77
that an old person anymore on the street I just see a person that needs to be rebooted.
78
These OSK genes...
79
You just see, wait a minute, hold on.
80
When you see old people, you don't see old people, you just say, oh, that poor person needs to be rebooted.
81
You're doing the perfect job for you.
82
Like, your personality is perfectly suited for your occupation.
83
If that's how you actually look at people?
84
Well, I do, and the reason is that we all have this backup copy that the DNA,
85
The instructions to be young that made us into who we are as kids is still in our bodies, almost largely intact.
86
You just need to read it again.
87
And that's why reinstalling software or...
88
I used to use the analogy of a CD.
89
Kids these days probably don't know what a CD is.
90
It's a little plastic circle like a record that we used to put 20 songs on.
91
It was awesome at the time.
92
I think most people know.
93
I'm kidding.
94
It's a bit of a silly joke.
95
Maybe a 10-year-old does.
96
When I teach kids at Harvard, most of them have never held a CD.
97
Isn't that wild?
98
Yeah.
99
Though they're not coming back, but albums definitely.
100
So think of it like an album that you scratch.
101
And the scratches are like aging, and we are getting rid of the scratches with these three genes, OSK.
102
So let me tell you how these three genes work, we found.
103
There was a person whose name is well known in science circles called Shinya Yamanaka,
104
from Japan obviously, and he discovered that there was a set of four genes that could reliably make adult cells,
105
like skin cells, into stem cells.
106
And he deservedly won the Nobel Prize for that in 2006.
107
But that wouldn't be useful here.
108
If I turned you into a bunch of stem cells, you'd probably die within a few minutes.
109
So we don't want to do that.
110
And cancer is also a potential.
111
So it took us about, well, from 2019 it took us a while to figure out
112
that if we leave out one of the Aminaka genes and just use three, OSK, leave out the other one called them, we get safe age reversal,
113
about 75-80% back to youth, but no further.
114
We don't go back to zero, which is what Yamanaka did.
115
And instead of cells losing their identity, which is what a stem cell has, no identity, we regain identity.
116
So it's actually, I could draw graphs, but it doesn't really help listeners.
117
But basically old age is losing identity of your cells, so they don't work, they forget how to work.
118
That's what we think old age in my lab and stem cells have no identity.
119
It was like a very early embryo.
120
In between, our cells have a lot of identity.
121
They function beautifully.
122
We're in our 20s.
123
We're at peak and what we've done is we've figured out how to go back towards youth, get these cells to work like they did again,
124
get the backup copy somewhere it exists.
125
We're looking for it and now cells actually behave like they did
126
when we were 20 and
127
if it works we're gonna have glaucoma patients seeing for the first time
128
and that's the beginning of a whole cascade of drugs that I want to develop
129
For diseases of aging and eventually whole body rejuvenation
130
So the initial experiments are on glaucoma
131
because it's a contained thing the eyeball is a contained thing And you could do it that way.
132
Yeah, my student one Cheng Lu who was doing this in
133
2017 I said let's do the liver Let's rejuvenate the liver
134
and he said no the eye is a good idea and he was right So that's exactly why we chose that first.
135
But just think about how many people have vision problems.
136
It's 40 million Just in the US for glaucoma
137
Macular degeneration is even more and in the lab we can cure
138
that as well in the mice now macular degeneration and
139
Glaucoma these are diseases of aging right you would say or glaucoma is a disease Oh, yeah What about people that have had eyeball injuries
140
and things like is there a backup copy of the eyeball where you could sort of reformat the eyeball structure?
141
You should come work in my lab at least come visit.
142
I would love to visit.
143
And the reason I say that is that's the exact question that we're asking.
144
Mmm.
145
We showed that even if you injure say a nerve
146
whether it's peripheral on in your arm or in your brain or in the eye like the optic nerve
147
we can regrow those back to where they were.
148
And actually in 2020, on the cover of Nature magazine, there was the picture of an eye.
149
And in the paper we published, you could see the nerves regrowing back.
150
And so we think that injury is also treatable.
151
Actually, a group in China just took out technology, this OSK stuff, put it into mice that had bad joints, and it regrew their muscle and their bone back to normal.
152
Whoa.
153
And so we're also looking at treating injury, back injury joints, osteoarthritis.
154
That would be phenomenal, because there's so many people that are suffering from arthritis.
155
I know so many people with injuries, like martial arts injuries.
156
I have one my left knee is fucked up.
157
It's annoying.
158
I keep it together I've got it like main I maintain it, but it's always an issue I have to stay on it.
159
I and there's little you can do like stem cells a little bit of relief
160
But not stem cells give you relief
161
But not when once you're dealing with cartilage damage
162
And you're dealing with the I had a meniscus surgery where they took out a piece of my meniscus
163
and I had my ACL Reconstructed on that knee as well.
164
It's it's just an issue
165
But it works pretty good for like what it should be like if we were living in the 1930s.
166
I'd be a cripple
167
You know hang in there
168
because we're gonna be in a world where you can rebuild parts of the body including joints The problem with
169
that is like how does that apply to athletics?
170
We're gonna have fucking super soldiers in every sport There's gonna be people in every sport
171
that could do what Michael Jordan didn't like leap from halfway across the basketball court and dunk
172
That's probably coming and there may be DNA tests to see if you've got these OSK genes inserted.
173
And we're working on it, working on a drink and a pill as well.
174
A drink and a pill?
175
Yeah, I mean we're now eight years ahead of what the public realizes.
176
Really?
177
In my lab at Harvard, yeah.
178
A drink and a pill, and what's a drink and a pill gonna do?
179
Well, right now it's in mice, so we've still got a ways to go, but when we give the drink to mice, they get rejuvenated.
180
You just give it to 80 year olds.
181
If you're on the way out, like, let's fucking go.
182
Like, give it a chance.
183
Well, this is what the FDA is for.
184
They forbid that.
185
Yeah, that's why we need to get rid of them.
186
Get rid of the FDA and just give it to old people.
187
If I was an old guy, and I was like, hanging in there, and I'm walking around with a...
188
And you're like, look, this drink and a pill might kill you, or you might be like a 30-year-old again.
189
I'm like, let's fucking go!
190
Let's fucking go!
191
Well, I get emails a lot.
192
I've had to take my emails off public access, Because there's a lot of people that want this.
193
Oh, I'm sure there was one guy
194
that wouldn't leave The building until he saw me so it's getting to that point Yeah, there's a little bit of that right people get a little selfish like it's all about them.
195
Yeah, and actually the US
196
Government blocked an investment from a foreign country into one of my companies because they were afraid of super soldiers
197
What country well they're afraid of technology getting out Which which country could I guess?
198
Sure.
199
China!
200
It wasn't. Was it?
201
No. Russia?
202
It was somewhere in between here and China.
203
Oh, well that's pretty vague.
204
It's a little, uh, it's a little sensitive.
205
But yeah, the US government does have the ability to block foreign investment and they did in this case.
206
160 million bucks they blocked.
207
Wow.
208
That was a painful episode.
209
So they were worried that people were gonna actually engineer super soldiers.
210
Thank you.
📺 उसी चैनल से
B21
Joe Rogan on Striking Specialists in MMA
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
John Cena on Being Initially Hated for His Persona and Turning Heel
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B21
Sean Sharaf on His Upset KO Against Gable Steveson
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
Max Holloway on Being Counted Out Before UFC 300 Win Against Justin Gaethje
Business EnglishInterview EnglishUniversity Students
B23
Tony Hinchcliffe Reacts to Backlash Against His Kevin Hart Roast Jokes
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
Joe Rogan on Avoiding the Loser Mentality
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
Joe & Matt Walsh Go Back and Forth on the Moon Landing Conspiracy
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B23
Justin Gaethje on Beating Ilia Topuria to Become Champ at the White House UFC
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
Quentin Tarantino on Why He Thinks Movies Are Better Than TV Shows
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
Matt Damon on Saving Private Ryan and Steven Spielberg Being a Masterful Filmmaker
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
Joe Rogan Rants about Happiness
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B24
Time and Effort Will Make You a Better Person | Joe Rogan and CT Fletcher
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
C1Dan McClellan on the Origins of Adam & Eve and the Removal of Passages from the New Testament
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B2Egyptian Pharaoh's Used Mummification to Download Consciousness
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B2Will Conor McGregor Come Back and Fight Paddy Pimblett?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B1McGregor vs. Holloway 2: What to Expect at UFC 329
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
✨ अनुशंसित वीडियो
C12
530 वाक्य
Human Immortality 4K | Can Science Defeat Aging?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C11
154 वाक्य
Sequential, Multiple Assignment, Randomized Trial Designs With Dr Kidwell
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C172 वाक्य
MRI-Negative Epilepsy
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C13
241 वाक्य
The strange reason nobody views their own retaliation as evil | Paul Bloom
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B21
171 वाक्य
Would You Use An Artificial Womb? (I Would)
American AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C11
312 वाक्य
Personalised Cancer Care - Prof Mark Middleton
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C13
32 वाक्य
What if quantum physics could eradicate illness? | Jim Al-Khalili for Big Think
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C1554
16 वाक्य
What If You Never Slept?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C12
246 वाक्य
The CIA's new tech doesn't make sense
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C17
150 वाक्य
Genetic Engineering Will Change Everything Forever – CRISPR
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C112
143 वाक्य
What Happens When Science Clashes with the Public?: Crash Course Scientific Thinking #7
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C11
41 वाक्य
WHAT DO PEPTIDES ACTUALLY DO?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव
यह B2 स्तर का स्पीकिंग पाठ वीडियो “The Latest Developments in Age Reversal Research” पर आधारित है। सबसे ज़्यादा दोहराए गए शब्द ये हैं: cell, eye, genes। इस वीडियो में शैडोइंग के लिए 210 वाक्य और 2411 शब्द हैं। बोला गया हिस्सा 13:21 लंबा है। वक्ता तेज़ बोलता है, लगभग 181 शब्द प्रति मिनट, इसलिए जुड़ी हुई और कमज़ोर ध्वनियाँ ज़्यादा मिलेंगी। 83% शब्द अंग्रेज़ी के 3,000 सबसे आम शब्दों में से हैं; बाकी शब्द अभ्यास से पहले देख लेना अच्छा रहेगा।
इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली
वीडियो के 15 सबसे कठिन शब्द, उच्चारण और अर्थ के साथ:
| शब्द | उच्चारण | अर्थ |
|---|---|---|
| pill संज्ञा | /pɪl/ | गोली, गुटिका |
| scratch क्रिया | /skɹæt͡ʃ/ | नोचना |
| nerve संज्ञा | /nɝv/ | नस, तंत्रिका |
| degeneration संज्ञा | /dɪˌdʒɛnəˈɹeɪʃən/ | अपघटन |
| whoa | /woʊ/ | वाह |
| spike संज्ञा | /spaɪk/ | कीला |
| cartilage संज्ञा | /ˈkɑɹ.təl.ɪd͡ʒ/ | उपास्थि, कार्टिलेज |
| embryo संज्ञा | /ˈɛmbɹi.oʊ/ | भ्रूण |
| heresy संज्ञा | /ˈhɛɹəsi/ | अपधर्म, पाषंड |
| listener संज्ञा | /ˈlɪs(ə)nɚ/ | श्रोता |
| interrupt क्रिया | /ˌɪntəˈɹʌpt/ | टोकना |
| arthritis संज्ञा | /ɑːˈθɹ(a)ɪtɪs/ | गठिया, संधि शोथ |
| optic विशेषण | /ˈɑp.tɪk/ | प्रकाशीय |
| forbid क्रिया | /fɚˈbɪd/ | रोकना, मना करना |
| coma संज्ञा | /ˈkoʊmə/ | कोमा |
वीडियो में आने वाली फ़्रेज़ल वर्ब
| शब्द | अर्थ |
|---|---|
| come back क्रिया | वापस आना |
दोहराने लायक वाक्य
वीडियो के छोटे, पूरे वाक्य जिन्हें आप रोज़ की बातचीत में इस्तेमाल कर सकते हैं:
- How do you pick the people to get on these tests?
- You know what I mean?
- We're going to get younger again.
- I shouldn't call them cells.
- If that's how you actually look at people?
इस वीडियो का व्याकरण
वक्ता जिन संरचनाओं का सबसे अधिक प्रयोग करता है, वीडियो के असली शब्दों के साथ:
| संरचना | वीडियो में |
|---|---|
| “used to” used to + क्रिया — बीती आदत या स्थिति जो अब नहीं है | used to be · used to use · used to put |
| Present perfect have/has + past participle — बीता हुआ काम जिसका असर अभी भी है | has come · we've done · have never held |
| Passive voice be + past participle — ज़ोर इस पर कि क्या होता है, न कि कौन करता है | be accepted · be rebooted · is fucked |
| Relative clauses who / which + उपवाक्य — व्यक्ति या वस्तु के बारे में अतिरिक्त जानकारी | zero, which is · identity, which is |
ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण
वक्ता 63 बार संक्षिप्त रूपों का प्रयोग करता है, जैसे we're, don't, you're। इन्हें वैसे ही छोटा बोलें जैसा आप सुनते हैं।
- “th” की ध्वनियाँ: pathogenic /pæθəˈd͡ʒɛnɪk/, arthritis /ɑːˈθɹ(a)ɪtɪs/, athletic /æθˈlɛt.ɪk/
- “sh” और “zh” की ध्वनियाँ: degeneration /dɪˌdʒɛnəˈɹeɪʃən/, martial /ˈmɑɹʃəl/, selfish /ˈsɛlf.ɪʃ/, instruction /ɪnˈstɹʌkʃən/, occupation /ˌɑkjʊˈpeɪʃən/
- लंबे शब्द — बलाघात सही रखें: degeneration /dɪˌdʒɛnəˈɹeɪʃən/, rejuvenate /ɹɪˈd͡ʒuːvəneɪt/, deservedly /dɪˈzɜːvɪdli/, domesticate /dəˈmɛ.stɪ.keɪt/, pathogenic /pæθəˈd͡ʒɛnɪk/
हिंदी भाषियों के लिए मुश्किल ध्वनियाँ:
- /v/ और /w/ का फ़र्क़ — /v/ में ऊपर के दाँत निचले होंठ को छूते हैं, /w/ में होंठ गोल होते हैं: reversal /ɹɪˈvɜː(ɹ)səl/, nerve /nɝv/, rejuvenate /ɹɪˈd͡ʒuːvəneɪt/, whoa /woʊ/, bravely /ˈbɹeɪvli/
- /z/ — इसे “ज” (/dʒ/) न बनाएँ: deservedly /dɪˈzɜːvɪdli/, enclose /ɪnˈkloʊz/, optimize /ˈɑptɪmaɪz/
- शब्द की शुरुआत में s + व्यंजन — पहले “इ” न जोड़ें: scratch /skɹæt͡ʃ/, spike /spaɪk/, speculate /ˈspɛk.jʊˌleɪt/, scare /skɛɚ/
इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें
- पहले बिना बोले पूरा वीडियो एक बार सुनें और जो शब्द नहीं आते उन्हें लिख लें।
- 0.75× गति से शुरू करें, एक-एक वाक्य की शैडोइंग करें, और सहज लगने पर सामान्य गति पर लौटें।
- अपनी आवाज़ रिकॉर्ड करें और मूल से तुलना करें, ख़ासकर pill, scratch, nerve जैसे शब्दों पर ध्यान दें।
शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?
शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।