Shadowing Practice: The Most Gruesome Parasites – Neglected Tropical Diseases – NTDs - Learn English Speaking with Video
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In the year 1014, Byzantine Emperor Basil the Second defeated the Bulgarian army and captured 15 thousand prisoners.
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He could've killed them, but he had a different idea.
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He wanted to weaken his opponents for decades to come.
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So he ordered that 99 out of every 100 prisoners be blinded.
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The 100th to be spared one eye to guide the rest back home, forcing their communities to care for them for the rest of their lives.
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Today, humans are subject to an attack just as cynical as this by a league of supervillians called NTDs.
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One in seven humans on the planet suffers from one or more NTDs, more than the entire population of Europe.
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They do unimaginable damage, by crippling countless people, they destroy billions of dollars in income each year, weaken communities, and slow progress.
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What are these monsters straight out of a horror movie, seeking to wreak havoc on our species?
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NTDs are caused by a vast range of different parasites such as worms, amoebae, bacteria, or viruses.
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The symptoms they cause are just as diverse and truly the stuff of nightmares.
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Some, like hookworms, compete with children's brains and bodies for nutrition, stunting growth, and impairing intelligence.
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Some NTDs cause blindness as the result of awful eye infections.
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Other parasites confine patients to bed for months, and damage internal organs, often shortening lifespans drastically.
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Yet others cause horrible disfigurements that lead to social stigma, a life lived in shame, and unemployment.
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There are also a few that are incredibly agonizing. They cause continuous itching, or horrible pain.
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In fact, let's introduce you to one of them: Dracun culiasis.
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If you accidentally drink water infected by it, you won't notice anything for a year.
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Until one day, you suddenly see a blister on your leg.
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The worm breaks out of the skin to release new larvae.
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The only way to remove it is to slowly pull it out of your leg, centimeter by centimeter, over the course of several weeks, because Dracun culiasis is now up to a meter long.
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We can all agree that we should kill such parasites with fire.
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That's why we declared war on them, pleading to eradicate most of them by 2020, and we tried doing that very hard.
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In 1985, there were 3.5 million cases of Dracun culiasis all over the world.
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In 2015, there were 22.
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We killed 99.999% of these little monsters.
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It will be the first parasite we eradicate for good very soon.
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So, even if they don't generate big headlines like Ebola did, actually, amazing things have happened when it comes to NTDs.
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All NTDs have one thing in common: they preferably attack humans who live in the most isolated communities, and who are least able to defend themselves.
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There are villages that are 500 kilometers from the nearest health facility, with no roads anywhere.
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So even if a remedy is available, what if it means going on an odyssey to get it to the patients?
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This called for an attack using brute force.
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To stamp out NTDs once and for all, what's possibly the biggest medical program in human history was launched, unmatched in scale.
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Organizations from all fields are working together right now to eliminate ten of these NTDs forever.
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Ironically, every NTD is, in fact, preventable or treatable.
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But most of them can only be controlled by giving medicine to every person in all high-risk areas.
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That means millions and millions of doses of medicine, often for several NTDs at a time, over the course of years, in countries where there is no infrastructure.
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Governments and health organizations just couldn't do that by themselves.
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Here, humanity got an opportunity to show off what the industrialized production of medicine can achieve.
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The pharma industry stepped in to distribute the necessary drugs for free, and promised to keep doing it until those ten diseases are gone.
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By 2020, nearly $18 billion worth of drugs will have been distributed, the largest drug donation the world has ever seen.
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They also helped make sure the drugs actually get to where they're needed.
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In 2015 alone, these treatments reached over 850 million people, more than the population of the EU and the US combined.
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Bad things happening generates headlines.
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Hundreds of millions of people overcoming extremely destructive diseases, in an unprecedented act of cooperation doesn't.
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Stories like this one are not told often enough.
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Good things happen all the time, moving humanity closer to a future with no suffering.
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So, if you or one of your friends are in need of uplifting news, share this video with them.
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We, as a species, really can do great things with no other motivation than to help each other.
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It's good to remember that from time to time.
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This video was made possible in part by a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and your support on Patreon.com If you want to help us make more videos, you can do so here.
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If you're disappointed by the lack of disturbing facts in this video, here's a playlist about the end of everything!
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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les
Deze spreekles op niveau C1 is gebaseerd op de video “The Most Gruesome Parasites – Neglected Tropical Diseases – NTDs”. Deze woorden komen het vaakst terug: Ntd, parasite, drug, culiasis, Dracun. Deze video bevat 52 zinnen en 838 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 5:40. De spreker praat in een gelijkmatig tempo van ongeveer 148 woorden per minuut, prettig om te shadowen. 82% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden; de rest kun je beter vooraf bekijken.
Belangrijke woorden in deze video
De 15 moeilijkste woorden uit de video, met uitspraak en betekenis:
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| eradicate werkwoord | /əˈræd.əˌkeɪt/ | met wortel en al uitroeien |
| weaken werkwoord | /ˈwikən/ | verzwakken |
| worm zelfstandig naamwoord | /wɝm/ | worm, pier |
| distribute werkwoord | /dɪˈstɹɪbjuːt/ | verdelen |
| headline zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈhɛd.laɪn/ | kop |
| amoeba zelfstandig naamwoord | /əˈmiːbə/ | amoebe |
| bacterium zelfstandig naamwoord | /bækˈtɪəɹ.ɪəm/ | bacterie |
| blindness zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈblaɪndnəs/ | blindheid |
| blister zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈblɪstɚ/ | blaar, blein |
| confine werkwoord | /ˈkɑnfaɪn/ | begrenzen, inperken |
| impair werkwoord | /ɪmˈpɛɹ/ | beschadigen, verzwakken |
| industrialize werkwoord | /ɪnˈdʌstɹiəlaɪz/ | industrialiseren |
| infect werkwoord | /ɪnˈfɛkt/ | infecteren, besmetten |
| unimaginable bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˌʌnɪˈmædʒɪnəbəl/ | onvoorstelbaar |
| havoc zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈhævək/ | verwoesting |
Phrasal verbs die je zult horen
| Woord | Betekenis |
|---|---|
| show off werkwoord | zich aanstellen, pronken met |
Grammatica in deze video
De structuren die de spreker het meest gebruikt, met de exacte woorden uit de video:
| Structuur | In de video |
|---|---|
| Lijdende vorm be + voltooid deelwoord — het gaat om wat er gebeurt, niet om wie het doet | be blinded · be spared · are caused |
| Present perfect have/has + voltooid deelwoord — iets uit het verleden dat nu nog telt | have happened · has ever seen |
Uitspraak om op te letten
De spreker gebruikt 7 samentrekkingen en verkorte vormen, zoals could've, couldn't, doesn't. Spreek ze kort uit, zoals je ze hoort.
- De klanken “sh” en “zh”: shorten /ˈʃɔɹtn̩/, donation /doʊˈneɪʃən/
- Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: eradicate /əˈræd.əˌkeɪt/, agonizing /ˈæɡ.ə.naɪ.zɪŋ/, disfigurement /dɪsˈfɪɡ.jɚ.mənt/, industrialize /ɪnˈdʌstɹiəlaɪz/, unimaginable /ˌʌnɪˈmædʒɪnəbəl/
Klanken die Nederlandstaligen lastig vinden:
- Stemhebbende eindmedeklinker — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ niet verscherpen: industrialize /ɪnˈdʌstɹiəlaɪz/, disturb /dɪˈstɜːb/, plead /pliːd/, unprecedented /ʌnˈpɹɛsɪdɛntɪd/, destructive /dɪˈstɹʌktɪv/
- /æ/ — opener dan de Nederlandse “e”: eradicate /əˈræd.əˌkeɪt/, agonizing /ˈæɡ.ə.naɪ.zɪŋ/, bacterium /bækˈtɪəɹ.ɪəm/, lifespan /ˈlaɪf.spæn/, unimaginable /ˌʌnɪˈmædʒɪnəbəl/
- /g/ — een harde plofklank, geen Nederlandse “g”: agonizing /ˈæɡ.ə.naɪ.zɪŋ/, disfigurement /dɪsˈfɪɡ.jɚ.mənt/, stigma /ˈstɪɡmə/
Zo oefen je met deze video
- Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
- Spreek zin voor zin na op normale snelheid en herhaal elke zin tot je ritme gelijk is aan dat van de spreker.
- Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als eradicate, weaken, worm.
Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?
Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.