Shadowing Practice: How mass tourism is destroying cities - Learn English Speaking with Video
Les maken...
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Is tourism destroying cities?
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Residents of some of the most beautiful cities around the world have been protesting against tourism.
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And there has been anti-tourist violence in places like Barcelona and Venice. But why?
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There are four ways that tourism can affect cities.
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Overcrowding, pollution, bad behavior, and rising prices.
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Let's begin with overcrowding.
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Venice, a city of 60,000 people, welcomes nearly 30 million visitors a year.
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That's 76,000 tourists a day.
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Spain had 82 million visitors in 2017, with 9 million visiting Barcelona alone.
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There are even traffic dams climbing Mount Everest now.
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Overcrowding has an obvious effect on traffic, footpaths, and queues.
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It can also affect a city's culture and identity, like in Barcelona where locals are complaining tourism is diluting its vibrancy and history.
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Tourists also bring with them pollution and waste.
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They consume heaps of water and food while causing environmental damage to the destination.
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In Thailand, a beach has been closed to protect its coral reefs from tourists.
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In Indonesia, Bali's famously pristine beaches are now being swamped by garbage, and their underground water sources are being drained too quickly.
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The island predicts it will run out of its water supply by 2020.
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In Venice, cruise ships that bring thousands of tourists each day are damaging the local environment with engine pollution and water displacement.
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Tourism even accounts for 8% of global greenhouse gas emissions, mainly from transportation.
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And then there's the issue of tourists' bad behavior.
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There are many viral videos that show tourists behaving inappropriately,
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from airport check-in meltdowns and assaults on cabin crews to deliberately damaging ancient ruins.
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Locals in the Brazilian city of Rio de Janeiro are furious at drunk tourists at their infamous Ipanema beach.
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In Croatia, people are fed up with loud and rude tourists, so fines are being issued to those who drink alcohol in public.
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And Bali is even considering imposing restrictions on temples after tourists continue to climb on the holy sites or oppose in swimwear.
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Finally, tourism causes a rise in prices, especially when it comes to short-term rentals.
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Like with Airbnb, an accommodation app where users can share their homes with tourists.
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It has grown enormously with over 5 million lodgings across 81,000 cities.
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But it has its downsides.
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Landlords in major cities make more money out of short-term leases on Airbnb, forcing local tenants to pay more.
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In some cities, it can raise housing prices as people look to invest in Airbnb homes.
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These rising prices are not just limited to Airbnb though.
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In Cambodia, citizens were evicted from fishing villages so that resorts could be built on the beaches.
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The increased cost of living is forcing residents out from some of the most beautiful cities in the world.
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But there's hope.
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Cities are starting to recognize the impacts of mass tourism and are looking to introduce measures to deal with the load.
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Fines for behavior are being introduced in cities all over the world.
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regulations are starting to hit Airbnb, with their listings in San Francisco, Barcelona and Paris dropping.
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Iceland and Greece are instituting caps on arrivals.
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Venice is planning to divert massive cruise liners to reduce some of the environmental damage,
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and growing recognition of over-tourism could push visitors into more environmentally and culturally friendly tourism,
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in an attempt to save some of these delicate sights for generations to come.
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Thank you.
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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les
Deze spreekles op niveau B2 is gebaseerd op de video “How mass tourism is destroying cities”. Deze woorden komen het vaakst terug: tourist, tourism, cities, Airbnb, Venice. Deze video bevat 43 zinnen en 557 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 3:40. De spreker praat in een natuurlijk tempo van ongeveer 152 woorden per minuut, dicht bij een alledaags gesprek. Slechts 74% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden, dus de woordenschat is pittig.
Belangrijke woorden in deze video
De 15 moeilijkste woorden uit de video, met uitspraak en betekenis:
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| visitor zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈvɪzɪtɚ/ | bezoeker, gast |
| pollution zelfstandig naamwoord | /pəˈluʃən/ | vervuiling, milieuverontreiniging |
| dilute werkwoord | /daɪˈljuːt/ | verdunnen |
| footpath zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈfʊtˌpæθ/ | voetpad |
| lodging zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈlɑd͡ʒɪŋ/ | onderdak, logies |
| pristine bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˈprɪˌstin/ | ongerept, oorspronkelijk |
| downside zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈdaʊnˌsaɪd/ | nadeel, keerzijde |
| meltdown zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈmɛltˌdaʊn/ | kernsmelting |
| emission zelfstandig naamwoord | /ɪˈmɪʃ.ən/ | uitstoot, emissie |
| liner zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈlaɪnɚ/ | lijnschip, pakketboot |
| infamous bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˈɪn.fə.məs/ | berucht |
| restriction zelfstandig naamwoord | /ɹɪˈstɹɪkʃən/ | beperking |
| tenant zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈtɛ.nənt/ | bewoner, huurder |
| queue zelfstandig naamwoord | /kju/ | rij |
| greenhouse zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈɡɹːnˌ(h)aʊs/ | kas, serre |
Grammatica in deze video
De structuren die de spreker het meest gebruikt, met de exacte woorden uit de video:
| Structuur | In de video |
|---|---|
| Lijdende vorm be + voltooid deelwoord — het gaat om wat er gebeurt, niet om wie het doet | has been closed · being swamped · are fed |
| Present perfect have/has + voltooid deelwoord — iets uit het verleden dat nu nog telt | has been · has been closed · has grown |
Uitspraak om op te letten
- De klanken “sh” en “zh”: pollution /pəˈluʃən/, emission /ɪˈmɪʃ.ən/, restriction /ɹɪˈstɹɪkʃən/, accommodation /əˌkɒm.əˈdeɪ.ʃən/
- Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: deliberately /dɪˈlɪb.(ə.)ɹət.li/, accommodation /əˌkɒm.əˈdeɪ.ʃən/
Klanken die Nederlandstaligen lastig vinden:
- Stemhebbende eindmedeklinker — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ niet verscherpen: downside /ˈdaʊnˌsaɪd/, landlord /ˈlæn(d).lɔɹd/, oppose /əˈpoʊz/, behave /bɪˈheɪv/, garbage /ˈɡɑɹ.bɪd͡ʒ/
- /æ/ — opener dan de Nederlandse “e”: footpath /ˈfʊtˌpæθ/, landlord /ˈlæn(d).lɔɹd/, cabin /ˈkæbɪn/, dam /ˈdæm/
- /g/ — een harde plofklank, geen Nederlandse “g”: greenhouse /ˈɡɹːnˌ(h)aʊs/, garbage /ˈɡɑɹ.bɪd͡ʒ/
Zo oefen je met deze video
- Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
- Begin op 0,75× snelheid, spreek zin voor zin na en ga terug naar normale snelheid zodra het makkelijk gaat.
- Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als visitor, pollution, dilute.
Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?
Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.