Shadowing Practice: How mass tourism is destroying cities - Learn English Speaking with Video

Is tourism destroying cities?

Residents of some of the most beautiful cities around the world have been protesting against tourism.

And there has been anti-tourist violence in places like Barcelona and Venice. But why?

There are four ways that tourism can affect cities.

Overcrowding, pollution, bad behavior, and rising prices.

Let's begin with overcrowding.

Venice, a city of 60,000 people, welcomes nearly 30 million visitors a year.

That's 76,000 tourists a day.

Spain had 82 million visitors in 2017, with 9 million visiting Barcelona alone.

There are even traffic dams climbing Mount Everest now.

Overcrowding has an obvious effect on traffic, footpaths, and queues.

It can also affect a city's culture and identity, like in Barcelona where locals are complaining tourism is diluting its vibrancy and history.

Tourists also bring with them pollution and waste.

They consume heaps of water and food while causing environmental damage to the destination.

In Thailand, a beach has been closed to protect its coral reefs from tourists.

In Indonesia, Bali's famously pristine beaches are now being swamped by garbage, and their underground water sources are being drained too quickly.

The island predicts it will run out of its water supply by 2020.

In Venice, cruise ships that bring thousands of tourists each day are damaging the local environment with engine pollution and water displacement.

Tourism even accounts for 8% of global greenhouse gas emissions, mainly from transportation.

And then there's the issue of tourists' bad behavior.

There are many viral videos that show tourists behaving inappropriately,

from airport check-in meltdowns and assaults on cabin crews to deliberately damaging ancient ruins.

Locals in the Brazilian city of Rio de Janeiro are furious at drunk tourists at their infamous Ipanema beach.

In Croatia, people are fed up with loud and rude tourists, so fines are being issued to those who drink alcohol in public.

And Bali is even considering imposing restrictions on temples after tourists continue to climb on the holy sites or oppose in swimwear.

Finally, tourism causes a rise in prices, especially when it comes to short-term rentals.

Like with Airbnb, an accommodation app where users can share their homes with tourists.

It has grown enormously with over 5 million lodgings across 81,000 cities.

But it has its downsides.

Landlords in major cities make more money out of short-term leases on Airbnb, forcing local tenants to pay more.

In some cities, it can raise housing prices as people look to invest in Airbnb homes.

These rising prices are not just limited to Airbnb though.

In Cambodia, citizens were evicted from fishing villages so that resorts could be built on the beaches.

The increased cost of living is forcing residents out from some of the most beautiful cities in the world.

But there's hope.

Cities are starting to recognize the impacts of mass tourism and are looking to introduce measures to deal with the load.

Fines for behavior are being introduced in cities all over the world.

regulations are starting to hit Airbnb, with their listings in San Francisco, Barcelona and Paris dropping.

Iceland and Greece are instituting caps on arrivals.

Venice is planning to divert massive cruise liners to reduce some of the environmental damage,

and growing recognition of over-tourism could push visitors into more environmentally and culturally friendly tourism,

in an attempt to save some of these delicate sights for generations to come.

Thank you.

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Bu dersin kelimeleri ve konuşma notları

Bu B2 seviyesindeki konuşma dersi “How mass tourism is destroying cities” videosuna dayanıyor. En çok tekrarlanan kelimeler: tourist, tourism, cities, Airbnb, Venice. Bu videoda gölgeleme çalışması için 43 cümle ve 557 kelime var. Konuşma bölümü 3:40 sürüyor. Konuşmacı dakikada yaklaşık 152 kelimeyle, günlük konuşmaya yakın doğal bir hızda konuşuyor. Kelimelerin yalnızca %74’i İngilizcede en sık kullanılan 3.000 kelime arasında, bu yüzden kelime dağarcığı zorlayıcı.

Bu videodaki önemli kelimeler

Videodaki en ileri düzey 15 kelime, telaffuzu ve anlamıyla:

Kelime	Telaffuz	Anlam
visitor isim	/ˈvɪzɪtɚ/	konuk, misafir
pollution isim	/pəˈluʃən/	kirlilik, kirlenme
footpath isim	/ˈfʊtˌpæθ/	patika, kaldırım
pristine sıfat	/ˈprɪˌstin/	bakir
downside isim	/ˈdaʊnˌsaɪd/	dezavantaj
meltdown isim	/ˈmɛltˌdaʊn/	nükleer erime
emission isim	/ɪˈmɪʃ.ən/	emisyon, salınım
infamous sıfat	/ˈɪn.fə.məs/	alçak, ayıp
restriction isim	/ɹɪˈstɹɪkʃən/	kısıtlama, sınırlama
tenant isim	/ˈtɛ.nənt/	kiracı, sakin
queue isim	/kju/	kuyruk, sıra
greenhouse isim	/ˈɡɹːnˌ(h)aʊs/	sera, limonluk
reef isim	/ɹiːf/	resif
swamp isim	/ˈswɑmp/	bataklık, batak
coral isim	/ˈkɔɹəl/	mercan

Bu videodaki dil bilgisi

Konuşmacının en çok kullandığı yapılar, videodaki sözcüklerin aynısıyla:

Yapı	Videoda
Edilgen yapı be + fiilin üçüncü hâli — kimin yaptığı değil, ne olduğu önemli	has been closed · being swamped · are fed
Present perfect have/has + fiilin üçüncü hâli — geçmişte olan ama şimdi de önemli olan bir eylem	has been · has been closed · has grown

Dikkat edilecek telaffuzlar

“sh” ve “zh” sesleri: pollution /pəˈluʃən/, emission /ɪˈmɪʃ.ən/, restriction /ɹɪˈstɹɪkʃən/, accommodation /əˌkɒm.əˈdeɪ.ʃən/
Uzun kelimeler — vurguyu doğru yere koyun: deliberately /dɪˈlɪb.(ə.)ɹət.li/, accommodation /əˌkɒm.əˈdeɪ.ʃən/

Türkçe konuşanların zorlandığı sesler:

Kelime başındaki ünsüz kümesi — araya ünlü eklemeyin: pristine /ˈprɪˌstin/, queue /kju/, greenhouse /ˈɡɹːnˌ(h)aʊs/, swamp /ˈswɑmp/, furious /ˈfjʊəɹi.əs/
/æ/ — “e”den daha açık: footpath /ˈfʊtˌpæθ/, landlord /ˈlæn(d).lɔɹd/, cabin /ˈkæbɪn/, dam /ˈdæm/

Bu videoyla nasıl çalışılır

Videonun tamamını konuşmadan bir kez dinleyin ve bilmediğiniz kelimeleri not edin.
0,75× hızla başlayın, cümle cümle tekrar edin ve kolaylaşınca normal hıza dönün.
Kendinizi kaydedin ve orijinaliyle karşılaştırın; visitor, pollution, footpath gibi kelimelere özellikle dikkat edin.

Gölgeleme Tekniği Nedir?

Gölgeleme, başlangıçta profesyonel tercüman eğitimi için geliştirilen ve çok dilli Dr. Alexander Arguelles tarafından popüler hale getirilen, bilim destekli bir dil öğrenme tekniğidir. Yöntem basit ama güçlüdür: ana dili İngilizce olan bir sesi dinler ve hemen yüksek sesle tekrar edersiniz — konuşmacıyı 1-2 saniye gecikmeyle takip eden bir gölge gibi. Pasif dinleme veya dilbilgisi alıştırmalarının aksine, gölgeleme beyninizi ve ağız kaslarınızı gerçek konuşma kalıplarını eşzamanlı olarak işlemeye ve yeniden üretmeye zorlar. Araştırmalar, telaffuz doğruluğu, tonlama, ritim, bağlı konuşma, dinleme anlama ve konuşma akıcılığını önemli ölçüde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir — bu da onu IELTS Konuşma hazırlığı ve gerçek dünya İngilizce iletişimi için en etkili yöntemlerden biri yapar.

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