Shadowing Practice: The Beginning of Everything -- The Big Bang - Learn English Speaking with Video
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The beginning of everything, the Big Bang.
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The idea that the universe was suddenly born and is not infinite.
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Up to the middle of the 20th century, most scientists thought of the universe as infinite and ageless.
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Until Einstein's theory of relativity gave us a better understanding of gravity
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and Edwin Hubble discovered that galaxies are moving apart from one another in a way that fits previous predictions.
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In 1964, by accident, cosmic background radiation was discovered, a relic of the early universe,
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which together with other observational evidence made the Big Bang the accepted theory in science.
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Since then, improved technology like the Hubble telescope has given us a pretty good picture of the Big Bang
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and the structure of the cosmos.
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Recent observations even seem to suggest that
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The expansion of the universe is accelerating.
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But how did this
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Big Bang work?
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How can something come from nothing?
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Let's explore what we know.
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We can ignore the beginning part for now.
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First of all, the Big Bang was not an explosion.
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It was all space, stretching everywhere, all at once.
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The universe started very, very, very small and quickly expanded to the size of a football.
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The universe didn't expand into anything, space was just expanding into itself.
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The universe cannot expand into anything because the universe has no borders, there is by definition no outside the universe.
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The universe is all there is.
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In this hot, dense environment, energy manifested itself in particles that existed only for the tiniest glimpses of time.
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From gluons, pairs of quarks were created, which destroyed one another, perhaps after giving off more gluons.
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These found other short -lived quarks to interact with, forming new quark pairs and gluons again.
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Matter and energy were not just theoretically equivalent, it was so hot, they were practically the same stuff.
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Somewhere around this time, matter won over antimatter.
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Today, we're left with almost all matter and nearly no antimatter at all.
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Somehow, 1 billion and 1 matter particles were formed for every 1 billion particles of antimatter.
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Instead of one massive ultimate force in the universe, there were now several refined versions of it acting under different rules.
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By now, the universe has stretched to a billion kilometers in diameter, which leads to a decrease in temperature.
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The cycle of quarks being born and converted back to energy suddenly stops.
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From now on we work with what we have.
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Quarks begin forming new particles, hadrons, like protons and neutrons.
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There are many many combinations of quarks that can form all sorts of hadrons
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but only very few are reasonably stable for any length of time.
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Please take a moment to appreciate that by now only one second has passed since the beginning of everything.
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The universe
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which has grown to 100 billion kilometers is now cold enough
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to allow most of the neutrons to decay into protons
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and form the first atom hydrogen imagine the universe at this
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point as an extremely hot soup 10 billion degrees celsius filled with countless particles
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and energy over the next few minutes things cooled
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and settled down very fast atoms formed out of hadrons and electrons making for a stable and electrically neutral environment.
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Some call this period the Dark Age because there were no stars
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and the hydrogen gas didn't allow visible light to move around.
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But what's the meaning of visible light anyway when there's nothing alive yet that could have eyes?
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When the hydrogen gas clumped together after millions of years and gravity put it under great pressure, stars and galaxies began to form.
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Their radiation dissolved the stable hydrogen gas into a plasma that still permeates the universe today and allows visible light to pass.
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Finally, there was light.
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Okay, but what about the part we didn't talk about?
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What happened right at the beginning?
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This part can be defined as the Big Bang.
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We don't know at all what happened here.
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At this point, our tools break down.
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Natural laws stop making sense.
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Time itself becomes wibbly -wobbly.
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To understand what happened here, we need a theory that unifies Einstein's relativity and quantum mechanics, something countless scientists are working on right now.
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But this leaves us with lots of unanswered questions.
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Were there universes before our own?
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Is this the first and only universe?
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What started the Big Bang?
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Or did it just occur naturally based on laws we don't understand yet?
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We don't know, and maybe we never will.
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But what we do know is that the universe as we know it started here and gave birth to particles,
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galaxies, stars, the Earth and you.
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Since we ourselves are made of dead stars, we are not separate from the universe.
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We are part of it.
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You could even say that we are the universe's way of experiencing itself.
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So let's keep on experiencing it until there are no more questions to ask.
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Thank you.
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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les
Deze spreekles is gebaseerd op de video “The Beginning of Everything -- The Big Bang”. Deze woorden komen het vaakst terug: universe, Bang, quark, particles, billion. Deze video bevat 58 zinnen en 827 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 5:54. De spreker praat in een gelijkmatig tempo van ongeveer 140 woorden per minuut, prettig om te shadowen. 82% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden; de rest kun je beter vooraf bekijken.
Belangrijke woorden in deze video
15 woorden uit de video die het leren waard zijn, met uitspraak en betekenis:
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| particle zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈpɑɹtək(ə)l/ | deeltje, partikel |
| expand werkwoord | /ɪkˈspænd/ | vergroten, uitbreiden |
| hydrogen zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈhaɪdɹəd͡ʒ(ə)n/ | waterstof |
| stable zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈsteɪ.bəl/ | stal, paardenstal |
| visible bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˈvɪzɪb(ə)l/ | zichtbaar, zichtbare |
| galaxy zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈɡæl.ək.si/ | sterrenstelsel |
| discover werkwoord | /dɪˈskʌvə/ | ontdekken |
| stretch werkwoord | /stɹɛt͡ʃ/ | strekken |
| radiation zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˌɹeɪ.diˈeɪ.ʃən/ | straling |
| scientist zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈsaɪəntəst/ | wetenschapper, wetenschapster |
| infinite bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˈɪnfɪnɪt/ | oneindig, eindeloos |
| countless bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˈkaʊntləs/ | ontelbaar, talloos |
| atom zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈætəm/ | atoom |
| ignore werkwoord | /ɪɡˈnɔː/ | negeren |
| naturally bijwoord | /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/ | natuurlijk |
Phrasal verbs die je zult horen
| Woord | Betekenis |
|---|---|
| break down werkwoord | stukgaan, kapot gaan |
Zinnen om te herhalen
Korte, volledige zinnen uit de video die je in alledaagse gesprekken kunt gebruiken:
- Let’s explore what we know.
- We don’t know at all what happened here.
- Were there universes before our own?
- We don’t know, and maybe we never will.
Grammatica in deze video
De structuren die de spreker het meest gebruikt, met de exacte woorden uit de video:
| Structuur | In de video |
|---|---|
| Lijdende vorm be + voltooid deelwoord — het gaat om wat er gebeurt, niet om wie het doet | was discovered · were created · were formed |
| Present perfect have/has + voltooid deelwoord — iets uit het verleden dat nu nog telt | has given · has stretched · has passed |
Uitspraak om op te letten
De spreker gebruikt 7 samentrekkingen en verkorte vormen, zoals didn't, don't, we're. Spreek ze kort uit, zoals je ze hoort.
- De klanken “sh” en “zh”: radiation /ˌɹeɪ.diˈeɪ.ʃən/, explosion /ɛkˈsploʊ.ʒən/, observation /ˌɑbzɚˈveɪʃn̩/, prediction /pɹɪˈdɪkʃən/, combinations /kɑmbɪˈneɪʃənz/
- Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: radiation /ˌɹeɪ.diˈeɪ.ʃən/, naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, practically /ˈpɹæk.tɪ.k(ə.)li/, diameter /daɪˈæmɪdɚ/, reasonably /ˈɹiː.zən.ə.bli/
Klanken die Nederlandstaligen lastig vinden:
- Stemhebbende eindmedeklinker — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ niet verscherpen: expand /ɪkˈspænd/, combinations /kɑmbɪˈneɪʃənz/, dissolve /dɪˈzɑlv/
- /æ/ — opener dan de Nederlandse “e”: expand /ɪkˈspænd/, galaxy /ˈɡæl.ək.si/, gravity /ˈɡɹævɪti/, atom /ˈætəm/, naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/
- /g/ — een harde plofklank, geen Nederlandse “g”: galaxy /ˈɡæl.ək.si/, gravity /ˈɡɹævɪti/, ignore /ɪɡˈnɔː/, glimpse /ˈɡlɪm(p)s/, gluon /ˈɡlu.ɑn/
Zo oefen je met deze video
- Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
- Spreek zin voor zin na op normale snelheid en herhaal elke zin tot je ritme gelijk is aan dat van de spreker.
- Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als particle, expand, hydrogen.
Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?
Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.