تدريب Shadowing: The Beginning of Everything -- The Big Bang - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية عبر الفيديو
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71 جمل
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The beginning of everything, the Big Bang.
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The idea that the universe was suddenly born and is not infinite.
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Up to the middle of the 20th century, most scientists thought of the universe as infinite and ageless.
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Until Einstein's theory of relativity gave us a better understanding of gravity
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and Edwin Hubble discovered that galaxies are moving apart from one another in a way that fits previous predictions.
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In 1964, by accident, cosmic background radiation was discovered, a relic of the early universe,
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which together with other observational evidence made the Big Bang the accepted theory in science.
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Since then, improved technology like the Hubble telescope has given us a pretty good picture of the Big Bang
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and the structure of the cosmos.
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Recent observations even seem to suggest that
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The expansion of the universe is accelerating.
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But how did this
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Big Bang work?
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How can something come from nothing?
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Let's explore what we know.
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We can ignore the beginning part for now.
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First of all, the Big Bang was not an explosion.
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It was all space, stretching everywhere, all at once.
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The universe started very, very, very small and quickly expanded to the size of a football.
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The universe didn't expand into anything, space was just expanding into itself.
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The universe cannot expand into anything because the universe has no borders, there is by definition no outside the universe.
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The universe is all there is.
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In this hot, dense environment, energy manifested itself in particles that existed only for the tiniest glimpses of time.
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From gluons, pairs of quarks were created, which destroyed one another, perhaps after giving off more gluons.
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These found other short -lived quarks to interact with, forming new quark pairs and gluons again.
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Matter and energy were not just theoretically equivalent, it was so hot, they were practically the same stuff.
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Somewhere around this time, matter won over antimatter.
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Today, we're left with almost all matter and nearly no antimatter at all.
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Somehow, 1 billion and 1 matter particles were formed for every 1 billion particles of antimatter.
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Instead of one massive ultimate force in the universe, there were now several refined versions of it acting under different rules.
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By now, the universe has stretched to a billion kilometers in diameter, which leads to a decrease in temperature.
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The cycle of quarks being born and converted back to energy suddenly stops.
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From now on we work with what we have.
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Quarks begin forming new particles, hadrons, like protons and neutrons.
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There are many many combinations of quarks that can form all sorts of hadrons
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but only very few are reasonably stable for any length of time.
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Please take a moment to appreciate that by now only one second has passed since the beginning of everything.
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The universe
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which has grown to 100 billion kilometers is now cold enough
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to allow most of the neutrons to decay into protons
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and form the first atom hydrogen imagine the universe at this
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point as an extremely hot soup 10 billion degrees celsius filled with countless particles
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and energy over the next few minutes things cooled
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and settled down very fast atoms formed out of hadrons and electrons making for a stable and electrically neutral environment.
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Some call this period the Dark Age because there were no stars
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and the hydrogen gas didn't allow visible light to move around.
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But what's the meaning of visible light anyway when there's nothing alive yet that could have eyes?
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When the hydrogen gas clumped together after millions of years and gravity put it under great pressure, stars and galaxies began to form.
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Their radiation dissolved the stable hydrogen gas into a plasma that still permeates the universe today and allows visible light to pass.
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Finally, there was light.
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Okay, but what about the part we didn't talk about?
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What happened right at the beginning?
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This part can be defined as the Big Bang.
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We don't know at all what happened here.
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At this point, our tools break down.
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Natural laws stop making sense.
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Time itself becomes wibbly -wobbly.
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To understand what happened here, we need a theory that unifies Einstein's relativity and quantum mechanics, something countless scientists are working on right now.
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But this leaves us with lots of unanswered questions.
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Were there universes before our own?
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Is this the first and only universe?
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What started the Big Bang?
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Or did it just occur naturally based on laws we don't understand yet?
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We don't know, and maybe we never will.
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But what we do know is that the universe as we know it started here and gave birth to particles,
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galaxies, stars, the Earth and you.
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Since we ourselves are made of dead stars, we are not separate from the universe.
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We are part of it.
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You could even say that we are the universe's way of experiencing itself.
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So let's keep on experiencing it until there are no more questions to ask.
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Thank you.
تنزيل التطبيق
كل ما تحتاجه للتحدث بطلاقة
تقييم النطق بالذكاء الاصطناعيتقييم كل جملة
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المفردات وملاحظات التحدث لهذا الدرس
هذا الدرس في المحادثة مبني على الفيديو “The Beginning of Everything -- The Big Bang”. أكثر الكلمات تكرارًا في الفيديو: universe, Bang, quark, particles, billion. يحتوي هذا الفيديو على 58 جملة و827 كلمة للتدرب على الترديد. مدة الكلام 5:54. يتكلم المتحدث بسرعة ثابتة، نحو 140 كلمة في الدقيقة، وهي سرعة مريحة للترديد. 82% من الكلمات ضمن أكثر 3,000 كلمة شيوعًا في الإنجليزية، ويُستحسن مراجعة الباقي قبل البدء.
أهم المفردات في هذا الفيديو
15 كلمة من الفيديو تستحق التعلّم، مع النطق والمعنى:
| الكلمة | النطق | المعنى |
|---|---|---|
| particle اسم | /ˈpɑɹtək(ə)l/ | جُسَيْم, ذَرَّة |
| expand فعل | /ɪkˈspænd/ | وَسَّعَ |
| hydrogen اسم | /ˈhaɪdɹəd͡ʒ(ə)n/ | هَيْدُرُوجِين, هِيدْرُوجِين |
| stable اسم | /ˈsteɪ.bəl/ | حَظِيرَة, اِسْطَبْل |
| visible صفة | /ˈvɪzɪb(ə)l/ | مَنْظُور |
| galaxy اسم | /ˈɡæl.ək.si/ | مَجَرَّة |
| discover فعل | /dɪˈskʌvə/ | اِكْتَشَفَ |
| stretch فعل | /stɹɛt͡ʃ/ | تَمَدَّدَ |
| radiation اسم | /ˌɹeɪ.diˈeɪ.ʃən/ | إِشْعَاع |
| scientist اسم | /ˈsaɪəntəst/ | عَالِم, عَالِمَة |
| atom اسم | /ˈætəm/ | ذَرَّة |
| ignore فعل | /ɪɡˈnɔː/ | تَجَاهَلَ, طَنَّش |
| occur فعل | /əˈkɜː/ | حَدَثَ, وَقَعَ |
| explore فعل | /ɪkˈsploɹ/ | اِسْتَكْشَفَ |
| neutral صفة | /ˈnuː.tɹəl/ | مُحَايِد |
الأفعال المركبة التي ستسمعها
| الكلمة | المعنى |
|---|---|
| settle down فعل | هَدَأَ |
جمل تستحق التكرار
جمل قصيرة وكاملة من الفيديو يمكنك استخدامها في الحديث اليومي:
- Let’s explore what we know.
- We don’t know at all what happened here.
- Were there universes before our own?
- We don’t know, and maybe we never will.
القواعد في هذا الفيديو
أكثر التراكيب التي يستخدمها المتحدث، مع العبارات نفسها من الفيديو:
| التركيب | في الفيديو |
|---|---|
| المبني للمجهول be + اسم المفعول — التركيز على ما يحدث لا على من يفعله | was discovered · were created · were formed |
| المضارع التام have/has + اسم المفعول — حدث ماضٍ ما زال له أثر الآن | has given · has stretched · has passed |
نطق يحتاج إلى انتباه
يستخدم المتحدث 7 من الصيغ المختصرة، مثل didn't, don't, we're. انطقها بصيغتها القصيرة كما تسمعها.
- أصوات “sh” و“zh”: radiation /ˌɹeɪ.diˈeɪ.ʃən/, explosion /ɛkˈsploʊ.ʒən/, observation /ˌɑbzɚˈveɪʃn̩/, prediction /pɹɪˈdɪkʃən/, combinations /kɑmbɪˈneɪʃənz/
- الكلمات الطويلة — انتبه لموضع النبر: radiation /ˌɹeɪ.diˈeɪ.ʃən/, naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, practically /ˈpɹæk.tɪ.k(ə.)li/, diameter /daɪˈæmɪdɚ/, reasonably /ˈɹiː.zən.ə.bli/
أصوات يجدها متحدثو العربية صعبة:
- /p/ — ليس /b/: انطقه مع نفخة هواء: particle /ˈpɑɹtək(ə)l/, expand /ɪkˈspænd/, explore /ɪkˈsploɹ/, explosion /ɛkˈsploʊ.ʒən/, practically /ˈpɹæk.tɪ.k(ə.)li/
- /v/ — ليس /f/: مع اهتزاز الأوتار الصوتية: visible /ˈvɪzɪb(ə)l/, discover /dɪˈskʌvə/, gravity /ˈɡɹævɪti/, observation /ˌɑbzɚˈveɪʃn̩/, convert /kənˈvɝt/
- تتابع الصوامت — لا تضف حركة بينها: expand /ɪkˈspænd/, stable /ˈsteɪ.bəl/, stretch /stɹɛt͡ʃ/, gravity /ˈɡɹævɪti/, scientist /ˈsaɪəntəst/
كيف تتدرب بهذا الفيديو
- استمع إلى الفيديو كاملًا مرة واحدة دون أن تتكلم، ودوّن الكلمات التي لا تعرفها.
- ردّد جملة جملة بالسرعة العادية، وكرّر كل جملة حتى يتطابق إيقاعك مع المتحدث.
- سجّل صوتك وقارنه بالأصل، مع الانتباه إلى كلمات مثل particle, expand, hydrogen.
ما هي تقنية التظليل الصوتي؟
التظليل الصوتي (Shadowing) تقنية تعلم لغة مدعومة علمياً، طُورت أصلاً لتدريب المترجمين الفوريين المحترفين. الطريقة بسيطة لكنها قوية: تستمع لصوت إنجليزي أصلي وتكرره فوراً بصوت عالٍ — كظل يتبع المتحدث بتأخير 1-2 ثانية. تُظهر الأبحاث تحسناً كبيراً في دقة النطق والتنغيم والإيقاع وربط الأصوات والاستماع والطلاقة.