Shadowing Practice: English vocabulary in use Advanced unit 1 - Learn English Speaking with Video
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35 sentences
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A. Study and exams.
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Before an exam, some students cram for it.
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Even if you're a genius, you'll have to do some revision.
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If the exam happens every year, you can revise by looking at past papers.
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Some things can be memorised or learnt off by heart, but rote learning is not sufficient for most subjects.
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It is also possible to use mnemonics.
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However, all things considered, the best idea is to bury yourself in your books
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and to study intensively until you know the subject inside out.
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B. Academic writing.
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Composition.
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Could be just 50 to 100 words, often used for schoolwork.
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Essay.
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Longer than a composition, more serious, hundreds or thousands of words.
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Assignment.
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A long essay, often part of a course, usually thousands of words.
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Project, like an assignment, but emphasis on students' own material and topic.
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Portfolio, a collection of individual pieces of work, may include drawings and other examples of creative work, as well as writing.
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Dissertation, a long research-based work, perhaps 10,000 to 15,000 words, for a degree or diploma.
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Thesis, a very long original research-based work, perhaps 80 to 100,000 words for a higher degree, for example a PhD.
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It's a good idea to start with a mind map when preparing an essay.
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Always write a first draft before writing up the final version.
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Your essay should be all your own work.
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Plagiarism is a very serious offence in colleges and universities.
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It is an increasing problem because it is so easy to cut and paste
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available on the internet and students have to sign a plagiarism form to say
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that the work they are handing in is all their own and that they acknowledge any sources they have used.
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There is usually a deadline.
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After the essay is submitted it will be assessed and usually you can get feedback.
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C. Aspects of higher academic study.
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University academics carry out research and are expected to read academic journals which publish papers or articles on specialized subjects.
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If a library does not have a copy of a book or journal, you may be able to access it online or you can usually get it through an interlibrary loan.
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Open educational resources are particularly convenient for many students.
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Academic study can be very demanding and some students drop out,
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but the majority survive till finals and become well qualified members of their future professions.
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Thank you.
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Vocabulary and speaking notes for this lesson
This video has 35 sentences and 397 words to shadow. The speech runs for 2:36. The speaker talks at a natural 153 words per minute, close to everyday conversation. Only 80% of the words are among the 3,000 most common in English, so the vocabulary is demanding.
Key vocabulary in this video
15 less common words from the video, with pronunciation and meaning:
- essay /ˈɛs.eɪ/ (noun) — A written composition of moderate length, exploring a particular issue or subject.
- composition /ˌkɑm.pəˈzɪʃ.ən/ (noun) — The act of putting together; assembly.
- examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/ (noun) — The act of examining.
- assignment /əˈsaɪn.mənt/ (noun) — The act of assigning; the allocation of a job or a set of tasks.
- topic /ˈtɑpɪk/ (noun) — A subject; a theme; a category or general area of interest.
- resource /ɹɪˈzɔːs/ (noun) — Something that one uses to achieve an objective, e.g. raw materials or personnel.
- genius /ˈd͡ʒin.jəs/ (noun) — Someone possessing extraordinary intelligence or skill; especially somebody who has demonstrated this by a creative or original work in science, music, art…
- feedback /ˈfiːdˌbæk/ (noun) — Critical assessment of a process or activity or of their results.
- sufficient /səˈfɪʃənt/ — An adequate quantity of; enough.
- submit /səbˈmɪt/ (verb) — To yield or give way to another.
- exam /ɪɡˈzæm/ (verb) — Shortened form of examine
- emphasis /ˈɛmfəsɪs/ (noun) — Special weight or forcefulness given to something considered important.
- qualify /ˈkwɑ.lɪ.faɪ/ (verb) — To describe or characterize something by listing its qualities.
- acknowledge /əkˈnɑ.lɪd͡ʒ/ (verb) — To admit the knowledge of; to recognize as a fact or truth; to declare one's belief in.
- convenient /kənˈviː.niənt/ (adjective) — Serving to reduce a difficulty, or accessible with minimum difficulty; expedient.
Phrasal verbs you will hear
- carry out /ˈkæ.ɹi aʊt/ (verb) — To hold while moving it out.
- drop out (verb) — To leave (school, a race, etc.) prematurely and voluntarily.
- hand in (verb) — To give something to a responsible person.
- look at (verb) — To observe or watch.
- write up /ˈɹaɪ̯t ˌʌp/ (verb) — To produce by writing.
Pronunciation to watch
- The “sh” and “zh” sounds: composition /ˌkɑm.pəˈzɪʃ.ən/, examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, sufficient /səˈfɪʃənt/, profession /pɹəˈfɛʃ.ən/, publish /ˈpʌblɪʃ/
- Long words — get the stress right: composition /ˌkɑm.pəˈzɪʃ.ən/, examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, portfolio /pɔːtˈfəʊ.liˌəʊ/, dissertation /ˌdɪsəˈteɪʃən/, plagiarism /ˈpleɪd͡ʒəɹɪzəm/
How to practise with this video
- Listen to the whole video once without speaking and note the words you do not know.
- Start at 0.75× speed, shadow it sentence by sentence, then go back to normal speed once it feels easy.
- Record yourself and compare with the original, paying attention to words like essay, composition, examination.
What is the Shadowing Technique?
Shadowing is a science-backed language learning technique originally developed for professional interpreter training and popularized by polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. The method is simple but powerful: you listen to native English audio and immediately repeat it out loud — like a shadow following the speaker with just a 1–2 second delay. Unlike passive listening or grammar drills, shadowing forces your brain and mouth muscles to simultaneously process and reproduce real speech patterns. Research shows it significantly improves pronunciation accuracy, intonation, rhythm, connected speech, listening comprehension, and speaking fluency — making it one of the most effective methods for IELTS Speaking preparation and real-world English communication.