Prática de Shadowing: 10 open source tools that feel illegal... - Aprenda a falar inglês com o YouTube
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There are three types of computer people in this world.
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There are three types of computer people in this world.
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Users, programmers, and hackers.
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The user just wants boring software to make boring spreadsheets to get boring stuff done at work.
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But in their naivety, users often get penetrated by hackers with high levels of riz,
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who employ social engineering to steal personal data,
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intimate photos, and crypto wallets.
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But then you've got programmers.
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They're the unsung heroes who make all the software in the world work,
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but they too get penetrated by hackers.
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If a programmer leaves the back door open to their mainframe,
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it could lead to catastrophic consequences that cost them their job and their employer billions of dollars.
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The lesson to be learned here is that you want to be the one doing the penetrating,
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not some stranger in a foreign country who doesn't even care about your feelings.
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In today's video, you'll learn the fundamentals of ethical hacking
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and pen testing by looking at 10 free and open source tools that you can use right now,
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all of which are available by default on Kali Linux,
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a distro optimized for ethical hacking.
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By the end of this video,
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you'll be a legit wannabe hacker who can take down entire nations,
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but if you like to do bad things,
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you need to turn this video off right now.
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The tools in this video,
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if used non-consensually, it could break many international laws that land you in prison.
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So never do penetration testing on a website or network without permission.
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But now that all the bad guys have clicked off this video,
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let's learn how to use some of the most powerful and dangerous hacking tools.
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To follow along, I would highly recommend installing Kali Linux,
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and the desktop version is awesome.
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Although Microsofties can install it via WSL,
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or if you don't want to use Kali,
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you can just install each one of these hacking tools individually.
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But the best way to get started is to spin up your own virtual private server on Hostinger,
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the sponsor of today's video.
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Their platform gives you the power
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and flexibility to run anything you want without locking you into a complicated and expensive cloud platform.
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You can run a basic Linux server like Arch with powerful hardware like NVMe SSD storage and AMD Epic chips.
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You can easily manage containers with a Docker VPS and their free Docker manager,
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or self-host entire back-ends like Supabase with a single click and zero config nightmares.
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But today, I'm using Hostinger to run Kali Linux,
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and after launching the VPS with just a few clicks,
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I can SSH into it with my password,
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and now our hacking journey begins.
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The first tool you need to know about is Nmap.
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It's like the peeping Tom in your neighborhood who looks through all the windows in your house without actually breaking in.
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On a network, like the one you're connected to right now to watch this video,
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there's likely multiple hosts connected to it,
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like your computer, your PlayStation, and your smart lock.
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And the purpose of Nmap is to map out a network.
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It does this by sending packets over an IP range,
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then analyzes their responses to figure out which ports are open,
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which operating systems they use,
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to help you find backdoors to exploit.
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Like if grandpa misconfigured something on his network,
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you can hack his printer to send him a message.
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To use it, simply use the nmap command,
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followed by an IP address you have access to,
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like your local network, or even a URL that you have permission to penetrate.
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If we do that on a website,
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you'll notice we get the IP address back,
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and it found that ports 80 and 443 were open.
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That's pretty cool, but we can also do a more aggressive scan,
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with the A option.
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This will not only scan the network,
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but also try to detect the operating systems,
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and will use something called tracer route to track the path of the packets across the entire network,
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which can help detect misconfigurations that we can exploit.
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If you're interested in packets though,
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another tool you'll need to know about is Wireshark.
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It's like that guy at a party who tries to eavesdrop on every conversation.
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It allows you to inspect what's happening on the network at a microscopic level.
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You'll want to use the GUI on this one because it collects tons of data from hundreds of different protocols,
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which are all captured in real time and can be analyzed offline.
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For example, if you record the traffic on your network right now
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and notice all this weird traffic going to an IP address in North Korea,
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you can inspect the actual payload and might find out
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that they have access to those photos that were intended for only you and your future ex-wife to see.
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And now you might be radicalized and ready to fight back.
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Metasploit is perhaps the most powerful hacking framework out there.
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It's like a Swiss army knife with an AK-47 attached to it
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that allows even the most unskilled script kitty to launch an attack.
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For example, we might be able to gain access to a Windows machine with a reverse shell,
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thanks to the EternalBlue vulnerability.
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Open up the Metasploit console and search for EternalBlue.
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That should bring up a list of potential Windows targets.
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We know that Grandpa is still on Windows 7,
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so let's go ahead and use that exploit.
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From there, we can set a payload to use a reverse shell,
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and configure the local host to our own IP address.
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And then finally, run the exploit command.
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Congratulations, you just made a successful penetration.
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You can now access all the files on this computer,
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change the desktop background, and install even more malware.
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But Metasploit is almost too powerful,
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and if you use it,
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you'll miss out on a lot of cybersecurity learning opportunities.
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The next tool you need to know about is Aircrack.
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Like the name implies, it's for hacking those magical invisible packets floating around in the air called Wi-Fi.
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When you're at Starbucks enjoying a soy latte coding a Node.js app,
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there could be a guy behind the dumpster using Aircrack who just ran the AirMon command,
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followed by AirDump, to find your network as the perfect target.
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He then proceeded to run AirCrack to crack the Wi-Fi protected access key
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and can now pull all the packets out of thin air floating on this network.
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If you're connected to a regular unencrypted HTTP website,
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your sensitive data could be intercepted.
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That's why you always want to make sure to use HTTPS when submitting forms with personal data,
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because even if a hacker intercepts those packets, they'll be encrypted.
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Luckily, though, the cops just arrested this guy,
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because using aircrack on a network without permission is highly illegal.
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But now, it's time to talk about passwords.
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Normies who watch Hollywood movies think that hackers get access to the mainframe by running some program that cracks their password.
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I could launch a cyber nuke,
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but it'll completely fry his system.
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And believe it or not,
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Hollywood movies about hacking are 100% accurate.
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Kali Linux has multiple password cracking tools,
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like John the Ripper and Hydra,
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but the easiest tool to learn in my opinion is Hashcat.
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First though, it's crucial to understand that nobody in their right mind stores a plain text password in a database.
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Instead, passwords get hashed with a one-way algorithm,
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like SHA or bcrypt, then salt them with another random string to make them even more difficult to crack.
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Now, even if somebody steals the database,
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it's still almost impossible to reverse engineer the hash back to the original password.
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The key word here, though, is almost.
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Let's imagine I found this hash for the president's login credentials to access the Nuclear Armageddon launch button website.
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Hashcat allows us to run a variety of different strategies to figure out the original text value of this hash.
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Like, we could try to brute force every possible string combination,
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but a more common technique is to use a file like rocku.txt,
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which contains over 14 million common passwords.
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Once we have that, we can then use Hashcat and specify a hashing algorithm,
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which in this example is MD5 because it can be cracked in just a few seconds,
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but in real life with a hashing algorithm like bcrypt,
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it might take multiple days to go through the rocky file.
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In any case, it looks like President Camacho used a weak password and forgot to enable 2FA,
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which means it's finally time to kick off Armageddon.
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But you might be wondering how I even found this top secret website.
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Skipfish is a tool for finding vulnerabilities on websites.
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It will recursively crawl an entire website,
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and in the process, scan for vulnerabilities like cross-site scripting,
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SQL injection, and other web application screw-ups.
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It provides this nice HTML report,
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and what's awesome about it is that if you've already hacked a username and password,
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you can provide those credentials to also crawl the deep web beyond what's available to the public.
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Then when you find vulnerabilities,
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you can use tools like cross-site scriptor to install worms,
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just like my hero Sammy did to MySpace back in 2005.
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Now, in order to be a successful cyber criminal,
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you need to think like law enforcement,
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and use their tools like Foremost,
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a forensic data recovery tool built on a process called file carving.
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Imagine you got access to a hard drive in Area 51 somehow,
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but all the data is gone.
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Well, if they did a quick format and didn't overwrite the data,
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it can likely be recovered with Foremost.
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It doesn't even need a file system,
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and will scan the entire disk image byte by byte,
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looking for unique patterns like the bytes at the beginning of a header to identify a JPEG.
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When it finds the corresponding footer,
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it can then reconstruct an image that you were never supposed to see.
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And that's why when you end up with two shots to the back of the head,
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it'll be ruled a suicide.
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At this point, we know how to map networks,
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websites, and hard drives, but the golden goose for any hacker is a database,
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which can be sold form an arrow on the dark web.
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A SQL map allows you to scan a website
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or server to find all the databases and map out their schemas with all the tables and columns.
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Once you have that information,
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you can start launching SQL injection attacks,
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where you submit forms with raw SQL statements in them to try to trick their server into running that code.
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Or better yet, print that code out
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and paste it on the front of your car and blow through a bunch of speed cameras.
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But a more common attack nowadays is denial of service.
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You probably know how to ping a website in Linux,
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but in Kali Linux, you can use HPing3,
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along with the flood option,
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to send packets as fast as possible to an IP address,
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without waiting for replies.
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This can flood a server with traffic and grind it to a halt,
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or cost the developer millions of dollars if they host on a serverless platform.
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When used on one machine,
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it's just a basic DOS attack,
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but if you distribute it across a botnet of all the machines that you've hacked already,
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it then becomes a DDoS attack,
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yet another great way to embark on a magical journey to prison.
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But the sad reality of hacking is that most people are victimized by those they trust.
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Like, I trusted Prince Hyman Cholo to transfer my inheritance after I gave him my checking account password,
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but he took all my money and went to a phish concert.
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The social engineering toolkit in Kali Linux allows you to create
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your own sophisticated phishing attacks using a variety of attack vectors like email,
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QR codes, SMS text messages,
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Arduino IoT devices, and of course websites.
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In fact, the tool can even clone a website,
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which you can then host on your server,
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and when someone finds it and enters their email and password,
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it goes directly to you instead of PayPal.
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But that entire attack was accomplished without writing any JavaScript code.
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And with that, we've looked at 10 dangerously powerful tools for hackers in Kali Linux.
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But we've barely scratched the surface,
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and you'll also want to learn about John the Ripper,
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Nikto, Burp Suite, just to name a few.
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Actually, you know what?
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Forget I ever said anything.
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Nobody should know about any of these tools,
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so go ahead and look into this device real quick.
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I am just a figment of your imagination.
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All right, guys, you just watched a tutorial about Enterprise Oracle Forms with Microsoft Silverlight.
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Make sure to smash that like button and subscribe for more benign and totally not illegal programming content.
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Huge thanks to Hostinger for sponsoring,
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and make sure to check out their platform to get the best deal on your own virtual private server in the industry.
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Thanks for watching, and I will see you in the next one.
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Sobre Esta Lição
Nesta lição, você irá praticar suas habilidades de escuta e fala em inglês ao aprender sobre ferramentas de hacking ético mencionadas em um vídeo interessante. O vídeo discute a importância dessas ferramentas e como elas podem ser usadas de forma responsável. Você terá a oportunidade de ouvir e repetir as falas em inglês, o que ajudará a melhorar sua pronúncia e fluência. Ao final, você se sentirá mais confiante em utilizar expressões relacionadas à tecnologia e segurança cibernética em inglês.
Vocabulário e Frases Chaves
- ethical hacking - hacking ético
- open source tools - ferramentas de código aberto
- penetration testing - teste de penetração
- Nmap - ferramenta para mapeamento de redes
- virtual private server - servidor privado virtual
- social engineering - engenharia social
- back door - porta dos fundos
- consensual - consensual
Dicas de Prática
Ao assistir ao vídeo, utilize a técnica de shadowing, que consiste em repetir imediatamente após o falante. Isso ajudará a aprimorar sua pronúncia e a internalizar novas estruturas linguísticas. A velocidade no vídeo pode ser um pouco rápida, então você pode usar a função de desacelerar a reprodução para facilitar o acompanhamento. Preste atenção à entonação e à ênfase que o apresentador utiliza, especialmente quando fala sobre as consequências do uso indevido das ferramentas, como "broke many international laws". Essa prática é essencial para melhorar a pronúncia em inglês e se familiarizar com o vocabulário técnico referente a hacking e segurança digital.
Não hesite em pausar o vídeo e anotar as partes que você achar mais desafiadoras. Repetir essas partes em um shadowing site após assistir ao vídeo pode ser extremamente útil. Tente também associar as palavras e expressões que você aprender com cenários práticos em sua vida. Por exemplo, quando falar sobre um novo software que você usa, mencione o "ethical hacking" e as ferramentas de "open source" que você explorou.
Ao final deste exercício, você não só terá expandido seu vocabulário técnico, mas também estará mais confortável com o aprender inglês com YouTube e convicto em usar o shadowing em inglês para se aprimorar cada vez mais.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.
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