Prática de Shadowing: PostgreSQL in 100 Seconds - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo

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PostgreSQL, the most trusted name in open -source relational databases.
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Its development dates all the way back to 1986 at UC Berkeley, under the direction of Michael Stonebraker.
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Like other pure relational databases, it stores data in tables, columns, and rows, and uses structured query language to read and write data.
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However, PostgreSQL is technically an object relational database, which means it can create its own custom data types to store objects with properties
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and support advanced features like inheritance and polymorphism.
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When writing data, it runs fully ACID -compliant transactions, but also adds its own special sauce called multi -version concurrency control,
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which gives each transaction a snapshot of the database, allowing multiple transactions to run at the same time without traffic jams or locks.
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Developers also love its extensibility.
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Queries can be reused by writing stored procedures, and it even supports languages beyond SQL like Python and C.
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And it has a robust ecosystem of extensions, like PostGIS to provide geospatial data for apps like Uber, or Citus to shard and distribute the database to any scale,
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or PG embedding to give AI chatbots long -term memory, and the list goes on.
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To get started, you can download and install it locally, or better yet, use a free cloud database like Neon, which provides autoscaling out of the box and a nice UI to manage your data,
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in addition to a bunch of other advanced features like branching.
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Create a new database, then head over to the SQL editor to run your first query, or connect it to your IDE with an extension like SQL tools we could get started by creating a new table.
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But because this is an object -relational database, let's begin by creating a custom data type, which defines the structure of an object with corresponding properties and types.
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What's awesome about Postgres, though, is that we have more exotic data modeling options, like arrays can be used by putting brackets in front of a type,
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then make it a two -dimensional array by adding another set of brackets.
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We also have JSON data types to handle unstructured data, and even key value pairs with extensions like hstore.
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Now that we have this custom type, we can use it within one or more tables, like one table for programmers and another for designers.
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Once the table is created, we can then use an insert statement to add a row of data into it.
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Notice the use of a double colon to cast a string into JSON or H store types.
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And now finally, we can read the data with a select statement
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that uses dot notation to access the properties on our custom object.
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Every table has a unique primary key, and we can create relationships by storing the primary key from one table as the foreign key on another, like a programmer might own many Lambos.
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We can then find those Lambos by doing a join query that compares the programmer's ID to the Lambo's owner ID.
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This has been PostgreSQL in 100 seconds.
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Big shout out to NeonDB for sponsoring and making this awesome database free to use in the cloud.
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Thanks for watching, and I will see you in the next one.
📺 Mesmo canal
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição

Esta aula de conversação usa o vídeo “PostgreSQL in 100 Seconds”. As palavras que mais se repetem: database, table, type, object, relational. Este vídeo tem 28 frases e 539 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 2:36. O falante fala rápido, cerca de 207 palavras por minuto, então espere sons ligados e reduzidos. Apenas 75% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é exigente.

Vocabulário principal deste vídeo

15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:

PalavraPronúnciaSignificado
database substantivo/ˈdeɪtəˌbeɪs/banco de dados, base de dados
custom substantivo/ˈkʌstəm/costume, hábito
query substantivo/ˈkwɪɹ.i/pergunta
extension substantivo/ɪkˈstɛnʃən/extensão
transaction substantivo/tɹænˈzækʃən/transação
cloud substantivo/ˈklaʊ̯d/nuvem, nimbo
array substantivo/əˈɹeɪ/conjunto, traje
bracket substantivo/ˈbɹækɪt/cantoneira, cachorro
programmer substantivo/ˈpɹoʊɡɹæmɚ/programador, programadora
compare verbo/kəmˈpɛɚ/comparar
select verbo/sɪˈlɛkt/escolher, selecionar
procedure substantivo/pɹəˈsiː.d͡ʒə/procedimento
designer substantivo/dɪˈzaɪnɚ/desenhador, desenhadora
string substantivo/stɹɪŋ/barbante, corda
connect verbo/kəˈnɛkt/conectar

Pronúncia para ficar de olho

  • Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: extension /ɪkˈstɛnʃən/, transaction /tɹænˈzækʃən/, shout /ʃaʊt/, dimensional /daɪˈmɛn.ʃə.nəl/, notation /noʊˈteɪʃən/
  • Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: developer /dɪˈvɛləpɚ/, technically /ˈtɛk.nɪˌkəl.i/, dimensional /daɪˈmɛn.ʃə.nəl/, inheritance /ɪnˈhɛɹɪtəns/, ecosystem /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/

Sons difíceis para falantes de português:

  • Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: cloud /ˈklaʊ̯d/, bracket /ˈbɹækɪt/, select /sɪˈlɛkt/, connect /kəˈnɛkt/, shout /ʃaʊt/
  • /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: install /ɪnˈstɔl/, dimensional /daɪˈmɛn.ʃə.nəl/
  • s + consoante no início — sem um “i” antes: string /stɹɪŋ/, sponsor /ˈspɒn.səː/, snapshot /ˈsnæpʃɒt/

Como praticar com este vídeo

  1. Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
  2. Comece na velocidade 0,75×, faça shadowing frase por frase e volte à velocidade normal quando ficar fácil.
  3. Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como database, custom, query.

O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?

Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.

Técnica de shadowing: leia o guia completo passo a passo →