Практика Shadowing: PostgreSQL in 100 Seconds - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео

Создание урока...
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PostgreSQL, the most trusted name in open -source relational databases.
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Its development dates all the way back to 1986 at UC Berkeley, under the direction of Michael Stonebraker.
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Like other pure relational databases, it stores data in tables, columns, and rows, and uses structured query language to read and write data.
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However, PostgreSQL is technically an object relational database, which means it can create its own custom data types to store objects with properties
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and support advanced features like inheritance and polymorphism.
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When writing data, it runs fully ACID -compliant transactions, but also adds its own special sauce called multi -version concurrency control,
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which gives each transaction a snapshot of the database, allowing multiple transactions to run at the same time without traffic jams or locks.
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Developers also love its extensibility.
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Queries can be reused by writing stored procedures, and it even supports languages beyond SQL like Python and C.
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And it has a robust ecosystem of extensions, like PostGIS to provide geospatial data for apps like Uber, or Citus to shard and distribute the database to any scale,
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or PG embedding to give AI chatbots long -term memory, and the list goes on.
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To get started, you can download and install it locally, or better yet, use a free cloud database like Neon, which provides autoscaling out of the box and a nice UI to manage your data,
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in addition to a bunch of other advanced features like branching.
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Create a new database, then head over to the SQL editor to run your first query, or connect it to your IDE with an extension like SQL tools we could get started by creating a new table.
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But because this is an object -relational database, let's begin by creating a custom data type, which defines the structure of an object with corresponding properties and types.
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What's awesome about Postgres, though, is that we have more exotic data modeling options, like arrays can be used by putting brackets in front of a type,
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then make it a two -dimensional array by adding another set of brackets.
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We also have JSON data types to handle unstructured data, and even key value pairs with extensions like hstore.
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Now that we have this custom type, we can use it within one or more tables, like one table for programmers and another for designers.
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Once the table is created, we can then use an insert statement to add a row of data into it.
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Notice the use of a double colon to cast a string into JSON or H store types.
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And now finally, we can read the data with a select statement
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that uses dot notation to access the properties on our custom object.
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Every table has a unique primary key, and we can create relationships by storing the primary key from one table as the foreign key on another, like a programmer might own many Lambos.
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We can then find those Lambos by doing a join query that compares the programmer's ID to the Lambo's owner ID.
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This has been PostgreSQL in 100 seconds.
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Big shout out to NeonDB for sponsoring and making this awesome database free to use in the cloud.
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Thanks for watching, and I will see you in the next one.
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Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку

Этот урок разговорной практики построен на видео «PostgreSQL in 100 Seconds». Чаще всего повторяются слова: database, table, type, object, relational. В этом видео 28 предложений и 539 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 2:36. Говорящий говорит быстро, около 207 слов в минуту, поэтому звуки часто сливаются и сокращаются. Только 75% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка, поэтому лексика сложная.

Ключевая лексика этого видео

15 слов из видео, которые стоит выучить, с произношением и значением:

СловоПроизношениеЗначение
database существительное/ˈdeɪtəˌbeɪs/ба́за да́нных
custom существительное/ˈkʌstəm/обы́чай, привы́чка
query существительное/ˈkwɪɹ.i/запро́с, вопро́с
extension существительное/ɪkˈstɛnʃən/расшире́ние, продле́ние
transaction существительное/tɹænˈzækʃən/сде́лка
cloud существительное/ˈklaʊ̯d/о́блако, ту́ча
array существительное/əˈɹeɪ/убо́р, наря́д
bracket существительное/ˈbɹækɪt/кронште́йн, подпо́рка
programmer существительное/ˈpɹoʊɡɹæmɚ/программи́ст, программи́стка
compare глагол/kəmˈpɛɚ/сра́внивать, сравни́ть
select глагол/sɪˈlɛkt/отбира́ть
procedure существительное/pɹəˈsiː.d͡ʒə/процеду́ра, ме́тод
designer существительное/dɪˈzaɪnɚ/диза́йнер
string существительное/stɹɪŋ/бечёвка, верёвка
connect глагол/kəˈnɛkt/свя́зывать, связа́ть

Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание

  • Звуки «sh» и «zh»: extension /ɪkˈstɛnʃən/, transaction /tɹænˈzækʃən/, shout /ʃaʊt/, dimensional /daɪˈmɛn.ʃə.nəl/, notation /noʊˈteɪʃən/
  • Длинные слова — следите за ударением: developer /dɪˈvɛləpɚ/, technically /ˈtɛk.nɪˌkəl.i/, dimensional /daɪˈmɛn.ʃə.nəl/, inheritance /ɪnˈhɛɹɪtəns/, ecosystem /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/

Звуки, трудные для русскоязычных:

  • Звонкие согласные в конце слова — не оглушайте их: cloud /ˈklaʊ̯d/, columns /ˈkɑləmz/, correspond /ˌkoɹəˈspɑnd/, embed /ɪmˈbɛd/, shard /ˈʃɑːd/

Как заниматься с этим видео

  1. Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
  2. Начните со скорости 0,75×, повторяйте предложение за предложением и вернитесь к обычной скорости, когда станет легко.
  3. Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как database, custom, query.

Что такое техника Shadowing?

Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.

Техника шедоуинга: читать полное пошаговое руководство →