跟读练习: PostgreSQL in 100 Seconds - 通过视频学习英语口语

PostgreSQL, the most trusted name in open -source relational databases.

Its development dates all the way back to 1986 at UC Berkeley, under the direction of Michael Stonebraker.

Like other pure relational databases, it stores data in tables, columns, and rows, and uses structured query language to read and write data.

However, PostgreSQL is technically an object relational database, which means it can create its own custom data types to store objects with properties

and support advanced features like inheritance and polymorphism.

When writing data, it runs fully ACID -compliant transactions, but also adds its own special sauce called multi -version concurrency control,

which gives each transaction a snapshot of the database, allowing multiple transactions to run at the same time without traffic jams or locks.

Developers also love its extensibility.

Queries can be reused by writing stored procedures, and it even supports languages beyond SQL like Python and C.

And it has a robust ecosystem of extensions, like PostGIS to provide geospatial data for apps like Uber, or Citus to shard and distribute the database to any scale,

or PG embedding to give AI chatbots long -term memory, and the list goes on.

To get started, you can download and install it locally, or better yet, use a free cloud database like Neon, which provides autoscaling out of the box and a nice UI to manage your data,

in addition to a bunch of other advanced features like branching.

Create a new database, then head over to the SQL editor to run your first query, or connect it to your IDE with an extension like SQL tools we could get started by creating a new table.

But because this is an object -relational database, let's begin by creating a custom data type, which defines the structure of an object with corresponding properties and types.

What's awesome about Postgres, though, is that we have more exotic data modeling options, like arrays can be used by putting brackets in front of a type,

then make it a two -dimensional array by adding another set of brackets.

We also have JSON data types to handle unstructured data, and even key value pairs with extensions like hstore.

Now that we have this custom type, we can use it within one or more tables, like one table for programmers and another for designers.

Once the table is created, we can then use an insert statement to add a row of data into it.

Notice the use of a double colon to cast a string into JSON or H store types.

And now finally, we can read the data with a select statement

that uses dot notation to access the properties on our custom object.

Every table has a unique primary key, and we can create relationships by storing the primary key from one table as the foreign key on another, like a programmer might own many Lambos.

We can then find those Lambos by doing a join query that compares the programmer's ID to the Lambo's owner ID.

This has been PostgreSQL in 100 seconds.

Big shout out to NeonDB for sponsoring and making this awesome database free to use in the cloud.

Thanks for watching, and I will see you in the next one.

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本课的词汇与口语要点

这节口语课以视频“PostgreSQL in 100 Seconds”为素材。视频中反复出现的词有：database, table, type, object, relational。这段视频共有 28 个句子、539 个单词可供跟读。讲话部分时长为 2:36。说话人语速较快，每分钟约 207 个词，会出现较多连读和弱读。只有 75% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。

视频中的重点词汇

视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：

单词	发音	释义
database 名词	/ˈdeɪtəˌbeɪs/	數據庫 /数据库
custom 名词	/ˈkʌstəm/	習慣 /习惯, 習俗 /习俗
query 名词	/ˈkwɪɹ.i/	問題 /问题, 質問 /质问
transaction 名词	/tɹænˈzækʃən/	處理 /处理
cloud 名词	/ˈklaʊ̯d/	йүн, 雲 /云
bracket 名词	/ˈbɹækɪt/	支架, 托架
programmer 名词	/ˈpɹoʊɡɹæmɚ/	程序員 /程序员, 程式員 /程式员
compare 动词	/kəmˈpɛɚ/	比, 比較 /比较
select 动词	/sɪˈlɛkt/	選 /选, 挑選 /挑选
procedure 名词	/pɹəˈsiː.d͡ʒə/	做法, 方法
designer 名词	/dɪˈzaɪnɚ/	設計師 /设计师, 設計家 /设计家
string 名词	/stɹɪŋ/	線 /线
connect 动词	/kəˈnɛkt/	連接 /连接
define 动词	/dɪˈfaɪn/	界定
jam 名词	/ˈd͡ʒæm/	果醬 /果酱

需要注意的发音

“sh” 和 “zh” 音: extension /ɪkˈstɛnʃən/, transaction /tɹænˈzækʃən/, shout /ʃaʊt/, dimensional /daɪˈmɛn.ʃə.nəl/, notation /noʊˈteɪʃən/
长单词——注意重音位置: developer /dɪˈvɛləpɚ/, technically /ˈtɛk.nɪˌkəl.i/, dimensional /daɪˈmɛn.ʃə.nəl/, inheritance /ɪnˈhɛɹɪtəns/, ecosystem /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/

中文母语者容易读错的音：

词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: database /ˈdeɪtəˌbeɪs/, cloud /ˈklaʊ̯d/, bracket /ˈbɹækɪt/, select /sɪˈlɛkt/, connect /kəˈnɛkt/
/æ/ — 嘴张大，不要读成 /e/: transaction /tɹænˈzækʃən/, bracket /ˈbɹækɪt/, programmer /ˈpɹoʊɡɹæmɚ/, jam /ˈd͡ʒæm/, chatbot /ˈtʃætbɑt/

如何用这段视频练习

先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 database, custom, query 这类单词。

什么是跟读法？

跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟读法: 阅读完整分步指南 →

跟读练习: PostgreSQL in 100 Seconds - 通过视频学习英语口语

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本课的词汇与口语要点

视频中的重点词汇

需要注意的发音

如何用这段视频练习

什么是跟读法？