Prática de Shadowing: Rust in 100 Seconds - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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Rust, a memory-safe compiled programming language that delivers high-level simplicity with low-level performance.
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It's a popular choice for building systems where performance is absolutely critical, like game engines, databases, or operating systems,
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and is an excellent choice when targeting WebAssembly.
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It started as a side project of Gradon Whore in 2007, who named it after the Rust fungus.
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It was sponsored by Mozilla in 2009, and has been ranked the most loved programming language every year since 2016, with its fans being known as Rustations.
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Traditionally, high-level languages provide a garbage collector to nerf your control over memory management,
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while lower-level languages provide functions like Free and Allocate to shoot yourself in the foot.
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Rust takes a different approach.
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It has no garbage collector, but achieves memory safety with a concept known as ownership and borrowing.
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By default, every variable in Rust is immutable.
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This allows values to be used in the stack memory, which has minimal performance overhead.
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However, mutable values or objects with an unknown size at compile time are stored in the heap memory.
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Every value in a Rust program is assigned to a single variable known as its owner.
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When that variable goes out of scope, the memory allocated to it is dropped automatically.
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In some cases though, you may want to pass a reference to a different part of the program.
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Borrowing allows you to access a reference in memory without taking ownership of it.
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There are a ton of rules to go along with this system that the Rust BorrowChecker will validate at compile time.
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These rules keep your code safe while providing absolute control over performance.
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Rust also has a package manager called Cargo, where each individual package is a crate.
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To get started, install Rust, then run Cargo New from the command line.
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In the main.rs file, you'll find a main function, which is where the program will start executing.
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Declare a variable with let, followed by its name and type.
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The value can't be changed or reassigned by default, so add mutt to make it mutable.
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The name of the variable is the owner.
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A reference to its location in memory can be borrowed by other parts of the program by prefixing it with an ampersand.
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Then use a macro like println to log the value to the standard output.
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Rust also comes with a standard library that contains modules to handle I.O., the file system, concurrency, among many other things.
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Now compile your code to an executable with the Rust compiler.
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You just built a memory-safe executable that can handle the most performance-intensive system requirements.
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This has been Rust in 100 seconds.
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Hit the like button and subscribe if you want to see more short videos like this, and leave a comment if you want to see a full Rust tutorial.
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Thanks for watching, and I will see you in the next one.
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Este vídeo tem 32 frases e 488 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 2:27. O falante fala rápido, cerca de 199 palavras por minuto, então espere sons ligados e reduzidos. Apenas 76% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é exigente.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| variable adjetivo | [ˈvæɹ.i.ə.bl̩] | variável |
| package substantivo | /ˈpæk.ɪd͡ʒ/ | pacote |
| ownership substantivo | /ˈoʊnɚʃɪp/ | propriedade |
| default substantivo | /dɪˈfɔlt/ | inadimplência |
| garbage substantivo | /ˈɡɑɹ.bɪd͡ʒ/ | lixo |
| collector substantivo | /kəˈlɛk.tɚ/ | colecionador |
| rank substantivo | /ˈɹæŋk/ | fileira, coluna |
| output substantivo | /ˈaʊtpʊt/ | produção |
| database substantivo | /ˈdeɪtəˌbeɪs/ | banco de dados, base de dados |
| requirement substantivo | /ɹɪˈkwaɪɹmənt/ | exigência, requisito |
| scope substantivo | /skəʊp/ | âmbito, escopo |
| install verbo | /ɪnˈstɔl/ | instalar |
| minimal adjetivo | /ˈmɪn.ə.məl/ | mínimo, mínima |
| traditionally advérbio | /tɹəˈdɪʃ.ə.nə.li/ | tradicionalmente |
| declare verbo | /dɪˈklɛɚ/ | declarar |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: ownership /ˈoʊnɚʃɪp/, traditionally /tɹəˈdɪʃ.ə.nə.li/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: traditionally /tɹəˈdɪʃ.ə.nə.li/, simplicity /sɪmˈplɪsɪti/, executable /ˈɛksəkjutəbl/, concurrency /kəŋˈkʌɹənsi/, macroeconomics /ˌmæk.ɹoʊˌiː.kəˈnɒ.mɪks/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Comece na velocidade 0,75×, faça shadowing frase por frase e volte à velocidade normal quando ficar fácil.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como variable, package, ownership.
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | was sponsored · are stored · is assigned |
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | has been ranked · has been |
| Orações relativas who / which + oração — informação extra sobre uma pessoa ou coisa | memory, which has · function, which is |
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.