Shadowing Practice: Rust in 100 Seconds - Learn English Speaking with Video

Rust, a memory-safe compiled programming language that delivers high-level simplicity with low-level performance.

It's a popular choice for building systems where performance is absolutely critical, like game engines, databases, or operating systems,

and is an excellent choice when targeting WebAssembly.

It started as a side project of Gradon Whore in 2007, who named it after the Rust fungus.

It was sponsored by Mozilla in 2009, and has been ranked the most loved programming language every year since 2016, with its fans being known as Rustations.

Traditionally, high-level languages provide a garbage collector to nerf your control over memory management,

while lower-level languages provide functions like Free and Allocate to shoot yourself in the foot.

Rust takes a different approach.

It has no garbage collector, but achieves memory safety with a concept known as ownership and borrowing.

By default, every variable in Rust is immutable.

This allows values to be used in the stack memory, which has minimal performance overhead.

However, mutable values or objects with an unknown size at compile time are stored in the heap memory.

Every value in a Rust program is assigned to a single variable known as its owner.

When that variable goes out of scope, the memory allocated to it is dropped automatically.

In some cases though, you may want to pass a reference to a different part of the program.

Borrowing allows you to access a reference in memory without taking ownership of it.

There are a ton of rules to go along with this system that the Rust BorrowChecker will validate at compile time.

These rules keep your code safe while providing absolute control over performance.

Rust also has a package manager called Cargo, where each individual package is a crate.

To get started, install Rust, then run Cargo New from the command line.

In the main.rs file, you'll find a main function, which is where the program will start executing.

Declare a variable with let, followed by its name and type.

The value can't be changed or reassigned by default, so add mutt to make it mutable.

The name of the variable is the owner.

A reference to its location in memory can be borrowed by other parts of the program by prefixing it with an ampersand.

Then use a macro like println to log the value to the standard output.

Rust also comes with a standard library that contains modules to handle I.O., the file system, concurrency, among many other things.

Now compile your code to an executable with the Rust compiler.

You just built a memory-safe executable that can handle the most performance-intensive system requirements.

This has been Rust in 100 seconds.

Hit the like button and subscribe if you want to see more short videos like this, and leave a comment if you want to see a full Rust tutorial.

Thanks for watching, and I will see you in the next one.

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Vocabulary and speaking notes for this lesson

This video has 32 sentences and 488 words to shadow. The speech runs for 2:27. The speaker talks fast, about 199 words per minute, so expect linked and reduced sounds. Only 76% of the words are among the 3,000 most common in English, so the vocabulary is demanding.

Key vocabulary in this video

15 words from the video worth learning, with pronunciation and meaning:

Word	Pronunciation	Meaning
variable adjective	[ˈvæɹ.i.ə.bl̩]	Able to vary or be varied.
package noun	/ˈpæk.ɪd͡ʒ/	Something which is packed, a parcel, a box, an envelope.
ownership noun	/ˈoʊnɚʃɪp/	The state of having complete legal control of something; possession; proprietorship.
default noun	/dɪˈfɔlt/	The condition of failing to meet an obligation.
garbage noun	/ˈɡɑɹ.bɪd͡ʒ/	Food waste material of any kind.
collector noun	/kəˈlɛk.tɚ/	A person who or thing that collects, or which creates or manages a collection.
borrowing noun	/ˈbɔrəwɪŋ/	An instance of something being borrowed.
rank noun	/ˈɹæŋk/	A row of people or things organized in a grid pattern, often soldiers.
output noun	/ˈaʊtpʊt/	Production; quantity produced, created, or completed.
database noun	/ˈdeɪtəˌbeɪs/	A collection of (usually) organized information in a regular structure, usually but not necessarily in a machine-readable format accessible by a computer.
requirement noun	/ɹɪˈkwaɪɹmənt/	A necessity or prerequisite; something required or obligatory. Its adpositions are generally of in relation to who or what has given it, on in relation to whom…
scope noun	/skəʊp/	The breadth, depth or reach of a subject; the extent of applicability or relevance; a domain, purview or remit.
install verb	/ɪnˈstɔl/	To connect, set up or prepare something for use
minimal adjective	/ˈmɪn.ə.məl/	The smallest possible amount, quantity, or degree.
intensive adjective	/ɪnˈtɛnsɪv/	Done with intensity or to a great degree; thorough.

Phrasal verbs you will hear

Word	Meaning
go along with verb	To acquiesce to or comply with a proposal, despite lacking a desire or value for it.

Pronunciation to watch

The “sh” and “zh” sounds: ownership /ˈoʊnɚʃɪp/, traditionally /tɹəˈdɪʃ.ə.nə.li/
Long words — get the stress right: traditionally /tɹəˈdɪʃ.ə.nə.li/, simplicity /sɪmˈplɪsɪti/, executable /ˈɛksəkjutəbl/, concurrency /kəŋˈkʌɹənsi/, macroeconomics /ˌmæk.ɹoʊˌiː.kəˈnɒ.mɪks/

How to practise with this video

Listen to the whole video once without speaking and note the words you do not know.
Start at 0.75× speed, shadow it sentence by sentence, then go back to normal speed once it feels easy.
Record yourself and compare with the original, paying attention to words like variable, package, ownership.

Grammar in this video

The structures the speaker uses most, with the exact words from the video:

Structure	In the video
Passive voice be + past participle — the focus is on what happens, not who does it	was sponsored · are stored · is assigned
Present perfect have/has + past participle — a past action that still matters now	has been ranked · has been
Relative clauses who / which + clause — extra information about a person or thing	memory, which has · function, which is

What is the Shadowing Technique?

Shadowing is a science-backed language learning technique originally developed for professional interpreter training and popularized by polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. The method is simple but powerful: you listen to native English audio and immediately repeat it out loud — like a shadow following the speaker with just a 1–2 second delay. Unlike passive listening or grammar drills, shadowing forces your brain and mouth muscles to simultaneously process and reproduce real speech patterns. Research shows it significantly improves pronunciation accuracy, intonation, rhythm, connected speech, listening comprehension, and speaking fluency — making it one of the most effective methods for IELTS Speaking preparation and real-world English communication.

Shadowing technique: read the full step-by-step guide →

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Vocabulary and speaking notes for this lesson

Key vocabulary in this video

Phrasal verbs you will hear

Pronunciation to watch

How to practise with this video

Grammar in this video

What is the Shadowing Technique?