Prática de Shadowing: Solve this 1 mistake → Solve 34% of English Errors - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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There is only one mistake in this entire text.
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Can you spot it?
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Maybe you can't see any mistakes, or maybe you can see multiple mistakes.
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Advanced English learners will know that there is one big mistake.
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Let me read it to you.
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As I read, listen and read along with me.
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Try to correct the mistake if you know what it is.
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Some of the world's most beloved foods exist thanks to happy accidents.
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In the 1890s, the Kellogg brothers left wheat dough out overnight at their sanatorium.
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Not wanting to waste it, they rolled the stale dough into thin sheets and created cornflakes.
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Worcestershire sauce was born from a failed experiment when two chemists tried to recreate an Indian sauce.
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At first, it smelled foul,
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fishy, sharp, and acrid, but left in a barrel for about 1,5 years, it became delicious.
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It's even used to flavour Bloody Marys.
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Did you spot what the one big mistake is?
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It's incorrect punctuation.
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There are several punctuation mistakes in this text and a couple
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that could be considered quite major they could limit understanding are
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you curious we're going to go through the mistakes in this video but
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if you really want to remember everything you learn i've also
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created a free pdf to go with today's lesson you'll see
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the full text plus explanations of all the punctuation marks
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and of course some activities to really test your understanding
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if you'd like to download that just click on the link in the description box or scan that QR code there.
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You join my mailing list and I'll send the PDF to your email.
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Okay, let's go through the text together sentence by sentence.
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Are there any mistakes here?
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Some of the world's most beloved foods exist thanks to happy accidents.
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Nope, that sentence is fine.
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We have an apostrophe in worlds, world apostrophe s, to show possession.
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A longer form could be the most beloved foods of the people in the world.
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Worlds is much faster to say.
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Next line, in the 1890s,
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with an apostrophe S, the Kellogg brothers left wheat dough out overnight at their sanatorium,
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not wanting to waste comma, they rolled the stale dough into thin sheets and created cornflakes, exclamation mark.
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Okay, there are two mistakes in that part, though the first is a little bit controversial.
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In modern English, most people say that there shouldn't be an apostrophe in 1890s.
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It's a plural s, not a possessive, so we don't use an apostrophe.
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To shorten the decades, like the 90s,
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we use an apostrophe before 90 to indicate that some numbers are missing, but not before the S.
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In the not-too-distant past, it was common to use an apostrophe,
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so people would write 1930s with an apostrophe S, for example.
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For now, especially in exams and formal writing, I recommend not using an apostrophe.
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The second mistake is with the comma between sanatorium and not.
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Those are two independent clauses and we can't join them with a comma.
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We call this mistake a comma splice.
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Commas just aren't strong enough to join two independent clauses so we need something with more muscle.
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Any ideas?
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Well options include a full stop or a semicolon.
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Both can separate independent clauses.
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We could also replace the comma with a conjunction and or but both work in our sentence.
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So comma splices are a no-no in standard English but you'll them used in informal English, in novels, poems and so on.
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Again, I don't recommend joining independent clauses with a comma for now unless you're an author
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or you reach a very high level of English.
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Okay, ready for our next sentence?
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Are there any mistakes?
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Worcestershire sauce was born from a failed experiment when two chemists tried to recreate an Indian sauce.
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No mistakes, this sentence is fine.
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We capitalise Indian as it's an adjective meaning connected with India, the country, just like we capitalise English or Australian.
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We also capitalise Worcestershire because it's the name of a place in England.
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Here it happens to be at the start of a sentence
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and it looks very difficult to pronounce but it's actually quite simple.
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It's usually pronounced with just three syllables.
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Worcestershire, Worcestershire, Worcestershire stresses on the first syllable.
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Okay, next sentence.
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Can you spot the mistakes here?
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There's more than one.
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At first, comma, it smelt foul.
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Square bracket, fishy, comma, sharp, comma, and acrid, close square bracket, comma.
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But left in a barrel for about one, comma, five years, comma, it became delicious.
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Okay, that really doesn't sound very nice, does it?
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And punctuation wise, there is a lot going on.
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First, we have square brackets used in a way that's not standard, though some people might find it acceptable.
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According to most style guides, we should use round brackets to enclose extra information in a sentence or passage.
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Round brackets are often called parentheses in North American English.
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They're just brackets to me here in the UK.
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In speech, we tend to pause slightly before and after reading information in brackets.
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Remove fishy, sharp, and acrid, and the sentence still makes sense grammatically.
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Square brackets are most commonly used in quotations when we add or change a word.
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Let's take our sentence to demonstrate.
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This is the original.
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At first, it smelt foul.
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So what if we think it is unclear and our readers won't know what it is?
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Well, we can use square brackets.
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At first, comma, open square bracket, the source, close square bracket, smelt foul.
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Using the source instead of it would make the reference clear to the readers.
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The square brackets show the reader that the original words have been changed.
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Okay, there's something else inside those brackets.
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fishy, sharp, and acrid.
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Yum.
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In British English, we don't tend to use a comma before and in a list of three or more things.
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It's called the Oxford comma.
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It's used more frequently in North American English, but this isn't a rule, and you will see Brits using it, and you will notice some North American texts do not.
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In general, you can do whatever you feel natural.
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but there was actually a court case in the US that hinged on a missing Oxford comma.
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It cost a company millions of dollars who said the punctuation wasn't important.
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What I think is important for you is that you choose whether to use it or not.
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You choose a style and you're consistent with it.
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We're not finished with that sentence yet.
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There is another mistake.
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left in a barrel for about one comma five years.
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We don't use a comma to show decimals in English.
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Do you know what we use instead?
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A decimal point, which looks exactly the same as a full stop.
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And don't quote me on the 1.5 year timeline, by the way.
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I saw that they left it for anywhere from a few months to two years.
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Anyway, back to the decimal point.
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When talking about halves and quarters, we tend to say one and a half or seven and a quarter and so on.
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But you can say 1.5.
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And when we have a number like this one here, that would usually be 3.14.
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Lovely number.
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We do use commas in numbers, sometimes in English.
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We tend to place a comma before every three digits.
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So 100,000 would have a comma in the middle.
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It makes big numbers easier to read.
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Now, I know that a lot of countries do it the other way around, using a point to separate hundreds and a comma for decimals.
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If you're asked to pay 5,321 in the UK,
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that's £5,000, not £5 and some confusing pennies.
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Okay, in our last sentence, we have another mistake.
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Can you see it?
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It's even used to flavour Bloody Mary's.
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We need an apostrophe in its, I-T apostrophe S, to indicate a missing letter.
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It is becomes it apostrophe S, its.
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So many people make mistakes with this, including native speakers.
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And you can understand why.
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Look here.
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Worcestershire sauce gets its umami flavour from the fermentation process.
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there, its, I-T-S, is a possessive adjective like his, and we don't use an apostrophe.
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It's, it is, very confusing.
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And on that note, I think we're ready to end the video.
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Don't forget to download the PDF that goes with this lesson.
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The link is in the description box, or you can scan that QR code there.
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You have a little bit of homework.
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I would love for you to write in the comments about similar food stories or just accidental inventions in general.
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Try to use some of the punctuation we've covered today.
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I will see you in the next video.
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Bye.
📺 Mesmo canal
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Este vídeo tem 137 frases e 1456 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 10:38. O falante mantém um ritmo estável de cerca de 137 palavras por minuto, confortável para o shadowing. Apenas 78% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é exigente.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras menos comuns do vídeo, com pronúncia e significado:
- bracket /ˈbɹækɪt/ (substantivo) — cantoneira, cachorro. A fixture attached to a wall to hold up a shelf.
- sharp /ʃɑɹp/ (adjetivo) — afiado, aguçado. Terminating in a point or edge, especially one that can cut or pierce easily; not dull, obtuse, or rounded.
- foul /faʊl/ (adjetivo) — detestável. Covered with, or containing unclean matter; dirty.
- clause /klɔːz/ (substantivo) — oração. A group of words that contains a subject and a verb; it may be part of a sentence or may constitute the whole sentence, depending on the syntax in each…
- dough /doʊ/ (substantivo) — massa, pasta. A thick, malleable substance made by mixing flour with other ingredients such as water, eggs, or butter, that is made into a particular form and then baked.
- reader /ˈɹi.dɚ/ (substantivo) — leitor, leitora. A person who reads.
- barrel /ˈbæɹəl/ (substantivo) — barril. A round (cylindrical) vessel, such as a cask, of greater length than breadth, and bulging in the middle, made of staves bound with hoops, and having flat ends…
- beloved /bɪˈlʌvd/ (adjetivo) — amado. Much loved, dearly loved.
- lesson /ˈlɛs.ən/ (substantivo) — lição. A section of learning or teaching into which a wider learning content is divided.
- thin /ˈθɪn/ (adjetivo) — fino. Having little thickness or extent from one surface to its opposite.
- sheet /ʃit/ (substantivo) — folha. A thin bed cloth used as a covering for a mattress or as a layer over the sleeper.
- experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/ (substantivo) — experimento, experiência. A test under controlled conditions made to either demonstrate a known truth, examine the validity of a hypothesis, or determine the efficacy or likelihood of…
- indicate /ˈɪndɪˌkeɪt/ (verbo) — indicar. To point out; to discover; to direct to a knowledge of; to show; to make known.
- delicious /dɪˈlɪ.ʃəs/ (adjetivo) — delicioso, saboroso. Pleasing to the sense of taste; tasty.
- overnight /əʊvə(ɹ)ˈnaɪt/ (advérbio) — durante a noite, em uma noite. During or throughout the night, especially during the evening or night just past.
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
- go on /ˈɡoʊˌɒn/ (verbo) — continuar. To continue in extent.
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 28 contrações e formas reduzidas, como don't, we're, you're. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “th”: thin /ˈθɪn/, parenthesis /pəˈɹɛn.θə.sɪs/
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: sharp /ʃɑɹp/, sheet /ʃit/, delicious /dɪˈlɪ.ʃəs/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, possession /pəˈzɛʃn̩/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, acceptable /əkˈsɛp.tə.bəl/, controversial /ˌkɑn.tɹəˈvɝ.ʃəl/, apostrophe /əˈpɑs.tɹə.fi/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Faça shadowing frase por frase na velocidade normal, repetindo cada uma até o seu ritmo ficar igual ao do falante.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como bracket, sharp, foul.
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | was born · could be considered · are often called |
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | have been changed · we've covered |
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.