跟讀練習: Solve this 1 mistake → Solve 34% of English Errors - 通過影片學習英語口語

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137 句

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There is only one mistake in this entire text.

Can you spot it?

Maybe you can't see any mistakes, or maybe you can see multiple mistakes.

Advanced English learners will know that there is one big mistake.

Let me read it to you.

As I read, listen and read along with me.

Try to correct the mistake if you know what it is.

Some of the world's most beloved foods exist thanks to happy accidents.

In the 1890s, the Kellogg brothers left wheat dough out overnight at their sanatorium.

Not wanting to waste it, they rolled the stale dough into thin sheets and created cornflakes.

Worcestershire sauce was born from a failed experiment when two chemists tried to recreate an Indian sauce.

At first, it smelled foul,

fishy, sharp, and acrid, but left in a barrel for about 1,5 years, it became delicious.

It's even used to flavour Bloody Marys.

Did you spot what the one big mistake is?

It's incorrect punctuation.

There are several punctuation mistakes in this text and a couple

that could be considered quite major they could limit understanding are

you curious we're going to go through the mistakes in this video but

if you really want to remember everything you learn i've also

created a free pdf to go with today's lesson you'll see

the full text plus explanations of all the punctuation marks

and of course some activities to really test your understanding

if you'd like to download that just click on the link in the description box or scan that QR code there.

You join my mailing list and I'll send the PDF to your email.

Okay, let's go through the text together sentence by sentence.

Are there any mistakes here?

Some of the world's most beloved foods exist thanks to happy accidents.

Nope, that sentence is fine.

We have an apostrophe in worlds, world apostrophe s, to show possession.

A longer form could be the most beloved foods of the people in the world.

Worlds is much faster to say.

Next line, in the 1890s,

with an apostrophe S, the Kellogg brothers left wheat dough out overnight at their sanatorium,

not wanting to waste comma, they rolled the stale dough into thin sheets and created cornflakes, exclamation mark.

Okay, there are two mistakes in that part, though the first is a little bit controversial.

In modern English, most people say that there shouldn't be an apostrophe in 1890s.

It's a plural s, not a possessive, so we don't use an apostrophe.

To shorten the decades, like the 90s,

we use an apostrophe before 90 to indicate that some numbers are missing, but not before the S.

In the not-too-distant past, it was common to use an apostrophe,

so people would write 1930s with an apostrophe S, for example.

For now, especially in exams and formal writing, I recommend not using an apostrophe.

The second mistake is with the comma between sanatorium and not.

Those are two independent clauses and we can't join them with a comma.

We call this mistake a comma splice.

Commas just aren't strong enough to join two independent clauses so we need something with more muscle.

Any ideas?

Well options include a full stop or a semicolon.

Both can separate independent clauses.

We could also replace the comma with a conjunction and or but both work in our sentence.

So comma splices are a no-no in standard English but you'll them used in informal English, in novels, poems and so on.

Again, I don't recommend joining independent clauses with a comma for now unless you're an author

or you reach a very high level of English.

Okay, ready for our next sentence?

Are there any mistakes?

Worcestershire sauce was born from a failed experiment when two chemists tried to recreate an Indian sauce.

No mistakes, this sentence is fine.

We capitalise Indian as it's an adjective meaning connected with India, the country, just like we capitalise English or Australian.

We also capitalise Worcestershire because it's the name of a place in England.

Here it happens to be at the start of a sentence

and it looks very difficult to pronounce but it's actually quite simple.

It's usually pronounced with just three syllables.

Worcestershire, Worcestershire, Worcestershire stresses on the first syllable.

Okay, next sentence.

Can you spot the mistakes here?

There's more than one.

At first, comma, it smelt foul.

Square bracket, fishy, comma, sharp, comma, and acrid, close square bracket, comma.

But left in a barrel for about one, comma, five years, comma, it became delicious.

Okay, that really doesn't sound very nice, does it?

And punctuation wise, there is a lot going on.

First, we have square brackets used in a way that's not standard, though some people might find it acceptable.

According to most style guides, we should use round brackets to enclose extra information in a sentence or passage.

Round brackets are often called parentheses in North American English.

They're just brackets to me here in the UK.

In speech, we tend to pause slightly before and after reading information in brackets.

Remove fishy, sharp, and acrid, and the sentence still makes sense grammatically.

Square brackets are most commonly used in quotations when we add or change a word.

Let's take our sentence to demonstrate.

This is the original.

At first, it smelt foul.

So what if we think it is unclear and our readers won't know what it is?

Well, we can use square brackets.

At first, comma, open square bracket, the source, close square bracket, smelt foul.

Using the source instead of it would make the reference clear to the readers.

The square brackets show the reader that the original words have been changed.

Okay, there's something else inside those brackets.

fishy, sharp, and acrid.

Yum.

In British English, we don't tend to use a comma before and in a list of three or more things.

It's called the Oxford comma.

It's used more frequently in North American English, but this isn't a rule, and you will see Brits using it, and you will notice some North American texts do not.

In general, you can do whatever you feel natural.

but there was actually a court case in the US that hinged on a missing Oxford comma.

It cost a company millions of dollars who said the punctuation wasn't important.

What I think is important for you is that you choose whether to use it or not.

You choose a style and you're consistent with it.

We're not finished with that sentence yet.

100

There is another mistake.

101

left in a barrel for about one comma five years.

102

We don't use a comma to show decimals in English.

103

Do you know what we use instead?

104

A decimal point, which looks exactly the same as a full stop.

105

And don't quote me on the 1.5 year timeline, by the way.

106

I saw that they left it for anywhere from a few months to two years.

107

Anyway, back to the decimal point.

108

When talking about halves and quarters, we tend to say one and a half or seven and a quarter and so on.

109

But you can say 1.5.

110

And when we have a number like this one here, that would usually be 3.14.

111

Lovely number.

112

We do use commas in numbers, sometimes in English.

113

We tend to place a comma before every three digits.

114

So 100,000 would have a comma in the middle.

115

It makes big numbers easier to read.

116

Now, I know that a lot of countries do it the other way around, using a point to separate hundreds and a comma for decimals.

117

If you're asked to pay 5,321 in the UK,

118

that's £5,000, not £5 and some confusing pennies.

119

Okay, in our last sentence, we have another mistake.

120

Can you see it?

121

It's even used to flavour Bloody Mary's.

122

We need an apostrophe in its, I-T apostrophe S, to indicate a missing letter.

123

It is becomes it apostrophe S, its.

124

So many people make mistakes with this, including native speakers.

125

And you can understand why.

126

Look here.

127

Worcestershire sauce gets its umami flavour from the fermentation process.

128

there, its, I-T-S, is a possessive adjective like his, and we don't use an apostrophe.

129

It's, it is, very confusing.

130

And on that note, I think we're ready to end the video.

131

Don't forget to download the PDF that goes with this lesson.

132

The link is in the description box, or you can scan that QR code there.

133

You have a little bit of homework.

134

I would love for you to write in the comments about similar food stories or just accidental inventions in general.

135

Try to use some of the punctuation we've covered today.

136

I will see you in the next video.

137

Bye.

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本課的詞彙與口語要點

這段影片共有 137 個句子、1456 個單詞可供跟讀。講話部分時長為 10:38。說話人語速平穩，每分鐘約 137 個詞，很適合跟讀。只有 78% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，詞彙難度較高。

影片中的重點詞彙

影片中 15 個不太常見的單詞，附發音和釋義：

bracket /ˈbɹækɪt/ (名詞) — 支架, 托架. A fixture attached to a wall to hold up a shelf.
sharp /ʃɑɹp/ (形容詞) — 銳利 /銳利, 尖銳 /尖銳. Terminating in a point or edge, especially one that can cut or pierce easily; not dull, obtuse, or rounded.
foul /faʊl/ (形容詞) — 汙濁 /汙濁, 汙穢 /汙穢. Covered with, or containing unclean matter; dirty.
clause /klɔːz/ (名詞) — 分句. A group of words that contains a subject and a verb; it may be part of a sentence or may constitute the whole sentence, depending on the syntax in each…
dough /doʊ/ (名詞) — 麵團 /麵糰, 生麵糰 /生麵糰. A thick, malleable substance made by mixing flour with other ingredients such as water, eggs, or butter, that is made into a particular form and then baked.
reader /ˈɹi.dɚ/ (名詞) — 讀者 /讀者. A person who reads.
barrel /ˈbæɹəl/ (名詞) — 桶. A round (cylindrical) vessel, such as a cask, of greater length than breadth, and bulging in the middle, made of staves bound with hoops, and having flat ends…
beloved /bɪˈlʌvd/ (形容詞) — 親愛的 /親愛的, 心愛的 /心愛的. Much loved, dearly loved.
lesson /ˈlɛs.ən/ (名詞) — 課業 /課業, -課 /-課. A section of learning or teaching into which a wider learning content is divided.
thin /ˈθɪn/ (形容詞) — бә, 薄. Having little thickness or extent from one surface to its opposite.
sheet /ʃit/ (名詞) — 篇, 張 /張. A thin bed cloth used as a covering for a mattress or as a layer over the sleeper.
experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/ (名詞) — 實驗 /實驗. A test under controlled conditions made to either demonstrate a known truth, examine the validity of a hypothesis, or determine the efficacy or likelihood of…
indicate /ˈɪndɪˌkeɪt/ (動詞) — 表明, 表示. To point out; to discover; to direct to a knowledge of; to show; to make known.
delicious /dɪˈlɪ.ʃəs/ (形容詞) — 好吃, 可口. Pleasing to the sense of taste; tasty.
overnight /əʊvə(ɹ)ˈnaɪt/ (副詞) — 通宵. During or throughout the night, especially during the evening or night just past.

影片中出現的短語動詞

go through (動詞) — 通過 /通過. To travel from one end of something to the other.

需要注意的發音

說話人用了 28 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 don't, we're, you're。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。

“th” 音: thin /ˈθɪn/, parenthesis /pəˈɹɛn.θə.sɪs/
“sh” 和 “zh” 音: sharp /ʃɑɹp/, sheet /ʃit/, delicious /dɪˈlɪ.ʃəs/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, possession /pəˈzɛʃn̩/
長單詞——注意重音位置: experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, acceptable /əkˈsɛp.tə.bəl/, controversial /ˌkɑn.tɹəˈvɝ.ʃəl/, apostrophe /əˈpɑs.tɹə.fi/

如何用這段影片練習

先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
用正常速度逐句跟讀，每句重複到你的節奏與說話人一致為止。
錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 bracket, sharp, foul 這類單詞。

影片中的語法

說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：

結構	影片中的用法
被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的	was born · could be considered · are often called
現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事	have been changed · we've covered

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

跟讀練習: Solve this 1 mistake → Solve 34% of English Errors - 通過影片學習英語口語

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