Prática de Shadowing: Study shows how Earth's orbit affects Ice Ages - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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A recent study suggests the next ice age will likely begin in about 11 ,000 years,
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unless emissions change the effects of natural climate cycles.
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An ice age is a period of reduced temperatures,
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causing ice to cover large areas of the northern and southern parts of the world.
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A group of scientists studied changes in the shape of the Earth's orbit around the Sun,
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the tilt of the Earth's axis, and the movement of the axis itself, called a wobble.
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These three motions are believed to happen in cycles.
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The Serbian scientist Mooletin Blankovic developed a theory about 100 years ago that these cycles affected Earth's long -term climate.
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The team noted that small changes in Earth's orbit around the sun caused predictable cycles of warming
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and cooling over a period of about 100 ,000 years.
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These findings permitted the team to determine how the three factors of tilt,
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wobble, and the shape of Earth's orbit might have affected the Earth's climate over the last 900 ,000 years.
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The group published its findings in Science on February 27.
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The scientists examined a million -year record of climate by looking
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at ice sheets across the northern half of the world and deep ocean temperatures.
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They then compared this data with small but regular changes in Earth's orbit over time.
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The lead writer of this study is Stephen Barker, a professor at Cardiff University in Britain.
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He told the French news agency AFP
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that for many years it has been difficult for scientists to
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show exactly how small changes in Earth's orbit have led to huge changes between warm and cold periods.
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Earth is believed to go through cycles of ice ages and warm periods.
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The last ice age is thought to have ended around 11 ,700 years ago.
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Scientists, such as Milankovitch, have long seen a connection between Earth's orbit and climate.
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However, researchers have struggled to precisely date when each of the climate changes happened.
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It has also been difficult for them to know exactly
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which orbit positions affect the start and stop of cold or warm periods.
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Barker said his team of researchers studied slow changes in temperature
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over long periods of time instead of only looking at shorter periods of change between cold and warm climates.
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Barker told AFP, we would expect a glaciation to occur within the next 11 ,000 years,
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and it would end in 66 ,000 years' time.
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Lorraine Lizicki is a professor at the University of California, Santa Barbara, and a co -writer of the study.
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She said the study shows that changes in climate over tens of thousands of years are not random.
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The team aims to expand its findings to investigate the long -term effects of human activity on climate.
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They also want to find out how it might affect Earth's natural climate cycles.
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I'm Andrew Smith.
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A recent study suggests the next ice age will likely begin
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in about 11 ,000 years unless emissions change the effects of natural climate cycles.
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Este vídeo tem 37 frases e 485 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 4:44. O falante fala devagar, cerca de 102 palavras por minuto, o que dá tempo para imitar cada som. 83% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês; vale a pena estudar o restante antes de começar.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| orbit substantivo | /ˈɔɹ.bɪt/ | órbita, círculo |
| scientist substantivo | /ˈsaɪəntəst/ | cientista |
| axis substantivo | /ˈæksɪs/ | eixo |
| researcher substantivo | /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/ | pesquisador, pesquisadora |
| emission substantivo | /ɪˈmɪʃ.ən/ | emissão |
| tilt verbo | /tɪlt/ | inclinar |
| occur verbo | /əˈkɜː/ | ocorrer, acontecer |
| compare verbo | /kəmˈpɛɚ/ | comparar |
| sheet substantivo | /ʃit/ | folha |
| investigate verbo | /ɪnˈvɛs.tə.ɡeɪt/ | investigar |
| permit verbo | /pɚˈmɪt/ | permitir, deixar |
| precisely advérbio | /pɹɪˈsaɪs.li/ | precisamente, justamente |
| examine verbo | /ɪɡˈzæmɪn/ | examinar, analisar |
| predictable adjetivo | /pɹəˈdɪktəbləl/ | previsível, predizível |
| wobble verbo | /ˈwɑbl̩/ | cambalear, vacilar |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Significado |
|---|---|
| find out verbo | descobrir |
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | has been · have led · have struggled |
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | are believed · is believed · is thought |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: emission /ɪˈmɪʃ.ən/, sheet /ʃit/, glaciation /ˌɡleɪsiˈeɪʃən/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: investigate /ɪnˈvɛs.tə.ɡeɪt/, predictable /pɹəˈdɪktəbləl/, glaciation /ˌɡleɪsiˈeɪʃən/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Faça shadowing frase por frase na velocidade normal, repetindo cada uma até o seu ritmo ficar igual ao do falante.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como orbit, scientist, axis.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.