Prática de Shadowing: WELDING DEFECTS!! Porosity, Arc Strikes, Undercut - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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Hola, buenos dias.
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Bienvenidos para weld .com.
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Oh, wait, sorry.
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Hey guys, welcome back to another episode of weld .com.
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Today we're gonna talk about discontinuities.
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So it's gonna be the first video of a series
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and we're just gonna go through and take you step by step and we're gonna address different weld discontinuities, how to avoid them, what they are,
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common mistakes involved with them.
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Note that a welding discontinuity does not automatically call for a rejection okay
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so while all defects are discontinuities not all discontinuities are well defects
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so depending on
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which code book you're working with you are a lot of a certain amount of undercut per linear inch
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you're allowed a certain amount of porosity per diameter and linear inch
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so there's just different things and it all depends on
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which code you're working with i don't want to get into the specifics of it
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because if i say one thing somebody's going to say well that's not how it is in my code
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and this is just a general weld discontinuities how to identify them
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and then how to avoid them in the future
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so we're going to go ahead
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and get right into it probably the most we're going to address the three most common today
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which is undercut porosity and arc strikes
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so we're going to start there they're pretty basic we're going to show you how to avoid them
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and what exactly what they are okay
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so the first one we're going to talk about is undercut
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so undercuts pretty common what that is it's an eroded edge along the toe of one
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if not both of the toes of the weld so essentially what
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that does is
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if i have undercut on both sides of this material this material is 3 8 thick
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and i have a 16th undercut on each side i've basically deducted a 16th from the thickness of this material
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so i have that's roughly uh 6 16ths
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now i'm down to 516 thickness the plate is no longer 3 8 of an inch thick don't know what
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that is a metric for you folks across the pond
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I do apologize camera guys got
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you covered he's gonna put some notes here maybe here somewhere
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he'll put some notes in what can cause undercut is improper travel speed
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so if I travel down this joint too fast I can get undercut
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and that's because I'm not giving that rod or that electrode time to fill in another thing is poor work angle.
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Ideally, what I want to have is half of my weld on the vertical part of this plate
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and half of it on the horizontal part of this plate.
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Now, I want to maintain an even angle between the two, so 45 is roughly where I want to be.
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If I start getting too far one way or the other, I'm bound to get undercut.
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I'm going to show you that here in a second.
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If I have a travel angle, or I'm sorry, a work angle that's too high, I'm going to get undercut along this top edge.
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So another thing that can cause undercut is if my arc length is too long.
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So ideally I want to keep my arc length no more than the diameter of this electrode.
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So if I have eighth inch electrode, I don't want to be any more than an eighth inch off the edge of that puddle.
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I like to stay close to the puddle.
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That's just me personally.
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It's just a habit I've developed, but you don't want to go any further than one eighth.
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You start getting outside of that area, you're going to start getting undercut.
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You have to think as I pull this rod further away from this plate, my voltage is going to increase.
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Okay, this is a constant current process.
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Stick welding is a constant current process.
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If I pull back far enough, the voltage becomes my variable.
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Okay, it'll increase when I pull back too far.
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It'll decrease when I get in too close.
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Because that additional voltage, it's going to start cutting away in the sides and it's not going to fill in properly.
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So we'll go ahead and we'll put all those together and we'll see if we can whip you up some undercut.
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So as you can see the work angle that I have here is improper.
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It's way too high.
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It's a lot higher than what I need.
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If you want to bring this down you can bring it down to about a 45 degree angle
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and that should be about where you want it.
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This weld we're doing everything wrong.
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Okay travel speed is too high, work angle is incorrect, amperage is set up you know a little bit above normal just
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so I can produce that undercut so I can show those that don't know exactly what it is what to look for.
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But because the angle, the speed, I ended up with that undercut on that top edge, which is where I wanted it.
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You know, if I was welding vertical, you know, you could get undercut on the left
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or the right -hand side just because you're not spending enough time on the sides.
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But here, it's going to be more prevalent on the vertical piece
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or the top leg or the top toe of that weld that you're going to put in there.
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Another thing you see in here because that excessive arc length
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when I pulled back is I had excessive spatter on the workpiece as well
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so that's just kind of like molten metal that's that's popping off
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or because the puddle's too hot you know it's kind of bouncing out there's too much energy in there
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and this stuff's going to spray all over the place.
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You want to get rid of that also you don't want to leave
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that on your plates especially if you know you're getting and weld inspections, you know, the inspectors are gonna look for that.
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Go ahead, take your time, clean up your plate.
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Next thing we're gonna talk about is arc strikes.
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So arc strikes happen for mainly one reason.
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and possibly two arc strikes are typically caused due to carelessness recklessness
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you're not paying attention accidentally touch the work piece you know with a live electrode
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and you scrape down there it's discontinuity
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you want to avoid arc strikes in your weld material
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they can cause micro cracks outside of the welding area especially
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if on a building or a structure that's cyclically loaded
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that little micro structure those little cracks in there they can start propagating through the weld metal or the base metal.
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So you don't want arc strikes on your material.
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It's going to be up to the inspector whether he's going to have you cut that piece out,
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remove it, repair it, whatever the case may be.
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So you want to avoid arc strikes.
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The biggest thing that I see that causes arc strikes, like I said, is carelessness.
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But when students are first, well, students and experienced welders, when they strike the arc and they get stuck,
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they want to fight the rod back and forth
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and just kind of pop it off
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there you know versus just disconnecting the stinger letting the electrode sit there for a second cool off
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and then snap it what happens is once this becomes stuck
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and I start moving back and forth I don't know
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when it's gonna break free this thing breaks free
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and then I get arc strike all the way across my plate way outside of my welding zone
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that's what you want to try to avoid all right next we're going to talk about piracy
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or tiny little weld bubbles that are in your weld what can cause porosity is
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if you're welding and it is too windy outside so
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if you're using a gas metal arc welding process outside
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and it's too windy
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you can get porosity using flux core outside up to a certain amount of miles per hour of the wind
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you can get porosity that way
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if you're not using the appropriate cubic feet per hour of shielding gas for gas metal arc welding process
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you can get porosity hydrocarbons such as wd -40 or paint or anything like that that is on the base material
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If you don't clean that off, that can cause porosity as well.
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So we're going to go ahead and get into it and show you exactly what porosity looks like.
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So we're welding along normal.
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Now Man Cub's going to hit the weld zone with a
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little bit of compressed air to simulate a big gust of wind coming through or welding outside.
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So as you can see, everything's pretty unruly.
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No gas coverage, getting porosity, trailing the weld.
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It's not a good condition.
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Very blustery day under here.
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All right guys, so that's pretty much porosity in a nutshell.
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You can get porosity with pretty much any welding process that you do.
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It's all about gas coverage and shielding that weld pool, keeping everything nice and clean in that area, taking off any mill scale,
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dirt, debris, hydrocarbons, oils, solvents, anything like that.
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Fluxicore arc welding is also prone to wormhole porosity,
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so that's a different type of porosity you typically don't get with shielded metal arc welding or gas metal arc welding.
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Go ahead and check out our previous video, How to Avoid Wormholes, if that's something you're experiencing.
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That pretty much concludes this episode.
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Like I said, it's the first of a series.
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So I hope you guys learned something.
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Make sure you like and subscribe to the channel.
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Follow us on Facebook and Instagram.
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Make sure you hit that little bell button down here.
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You'll get new notifications every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday at 5 .30 Eastern Standard Time when we release new videos.
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And until next time, make every weld better than your last.
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Take three. And action.
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What the .
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Did you guys see that?
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That's what I got to put up with.
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Hello again.
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação usa o vídeo “WELDING DEFECTS!! Porosity, Arc Strikes, Undercut”. As palavras que mais se repetem: arc, weld, undercut, welding, porosity. Este vídeo tem 139 frases e 1686 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 8:29. O falante fala rápido, cerca de 199 palavras por minuto, então espere sons ligados e reduzidos. Apenas 81% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é exigente.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| angle substantivo | /ˈæŋ.ɡəl/ | ângulo |
| shield substantivo | /ˈʃild/ | escudo |
| eighth adjetivo | /eɪtθ/ | oitavo |
| vertical adjetivo | /ˈvɝ.tɪ.kəl/ | vertical |
| voltage substantivo | /ˈvəʊltɪd͡ʒ/ | tensão, voltagem |
| thick adjetivo | /θɪk/ | espesso, grosso |
| crack substantivo | /kɹæk/ | fenda, rachadura |
| roughly advérbio | /ˈɹʌf.li/ | rudemente, precariamente |
| inspector substantivo | /ɪnˈspɛk.tɚ/ | inspetor |
| depend verbo | /dɪˈpɛnd/ | depender |
| excessive adjetivo | /ɪkˈsɛsɪv/ | excessivo |
| linear adjetivo | /ˈlɪn.i.əɹ/ | linear |
| diameter substantivo | /daɪˈæmɪdɚ/ | diâmetro |
| microwave substantivo | /ˈmaɪkɹoʊˌweɪv/ | micro-onda |
| thickness substantivo | /ˈθɪknəs/ | grossura, espessura |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| go ahead verbo | /ˌɡoʊ əˈhɛd/ | vai em frente |
| check out verbo | verificar, sacar só | |
| clean up verbo | dar uma limpeza, limpar | |
| put up with verbo | aguentar, suportar | |
| set up verbo | /ˌsɛt ˈʌp/ | preparar |
| take off verbo | tirar |
Frases que vale a pena repetir
Frases curtas e completas do vídeo que você pode usar na conversa do dia a dia:
- Today we're gonna talk about discontinuities.
- It'll decrease when I get in too close.
- It's a lot higher than what I need.
- This weld we're doing everything wrong.
- Did you guys see that?
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 59 contrações e formas reduzidas, como we're, you're, don't. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “th”: eighth /eɪtθ/, thick /θɪk/, thickness /ˈθɪknəs/
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: shield /ˈʃild/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, inspection /ɪnˈspɛkʃən/, notification /ˌnoʊtɪfɪˈkeɪʃn̩/, rejection /ɹɪˈd͡ʒɛkʃən/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: diameter /daɪˈæmɪdɚ/, ideally /aɪˈdi.ə.li/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, accidentally /ˌæk.sɪˈdɛnt(ə)li/, apologize /əˈpɑləˌd͡ʒaɪz/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: shield /ˈʃild/, thick /θɪk/, crack /kɹæk/, depend /dɪˈpɛnd/, defect /ˈdiːfɛkt/
- /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: angle /ˈæŋ.ɡəl/, vertical /ˈvɝ.tɪ.kəl/, trail /tɹeɪl/, mill /mɪl/, bubble /ˈbʌbəl/
- /h/ — um sopro suave, diferente do “r”: habit /ˈhæb.ɪt/, horizontal /ˌhoɹəˈzɑn.təl/, wormhole /ˈwɝmˌhoʊl/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Comece na velocidade 0,75×, faça shadowing frase por frase e volte à velocidade normal quando ficar fácil.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como angle, shield, eighth.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.