ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: WELDING DEFECTS!! Porosity, Arc Strikes, Undercut

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139 ประโยค

หากประโยคสั้นหรือยาวเกินไป กดที่ Edit เพื่อปรับแก้

Hola, buenos dias.

Bienvenidos para weld .com.

Oh, wait, sorry.

Hey guys, welcome back to another episode of weld .com.

Today we're gonna talk about discontinuities.

So it's gonna be the first video of a series

and we're just gonna go through and take you step by step and we're gonna address different weld discontinuities, how to avoid them, what they are,

common mistakes involved with them.

Note that a welding discontinuity does not automatically call for a rejection okay

so while all defects are discontinuities not all discontinuities are well defects

so depending on

which code book you're working with you are a lot of a certain amount of undercut per linear inch

you're allowed a certain amount of porosity per diameter and linear inch

so there's just different things and it all depends on

which code you're working with i don't want to get into the specifics of it

because if i say one thing somebody's going to say well that's not how it is in my code

and this is just a general weld discontinuities how to identify them

and then how to avoid them in the future

so we're going to go ahead

and get right into it probably the most we're going to address the three most common today

which is undercut porosity and arc strikes

so we're going to start there they're pretty basic we're going to show you how to avoid them

and what exactly what they are okay

so the first one we're going to talk about is undercut

so undercuts pretty common what that is it's an eroded edge along the toe of one

if not both of the toes of the weld so essentially what

that does is

if i have undercut on both sides of this material this material is 3 8 thick

and i have a 16th undercut on each side i've basically deducted a 16th from the thickness of this material

so i have that's roughly uh 6 16ths

now i'm down to 516 thickness the plate is no longer 3 8 of an inch thick don't know what

that is a metric for you folks across the pond

I do apologize camera guys got

you covered he's gonna put some notes here maybe here somewhere

he'll put some notes in what can cause undercut is improper travel speed

so if I travel down this joint too fast I can get undercut

and that's because I'm not giving that rod or that electrode time to fill in another thing is poor work angle.

Ideally, what I want to have is half of my weld on the vertical part of this plate

and half of it on the horizontal part of this plate.

Now, I want to maintain an even angle between the two, so 45 is roughly where I want to be.

If I start getting too far one way or the other, I'm bound to get undercut.

I'm going to show you that here in a second.

If I have a travel angle, or I'm sorry, a work angle that's too high, I'm going to get undercut along this top edge.

So another thing that can cause undercut is if my arc length is too long.

So ideally I want to keep my arc length no more than the diameter of this electrode.

So if I have eighth inch electrode, I don't want to be any more than an eighth inch off the edge of that puddle.

I like to stay close to the puddle.

That's just me personally.

It's just a habit I've developed, but you don't want to go any further than one eighth.

You start getting outside of that area, you're going to start getting undercut.

You have to think as I pull this rod further away from this plate, my voltage is going to increase.

Okay, this is a constant current process.

Stick welding is a constant current process.

If I pull back far enough, the voltage becomes my variable.

Okay, it'll increase when I pull back too far.

It'll decrease when I get in too close.

Because that additional voltage, it's going to start cutting away in the sides and it's not going to fill in properly.

So we'll go ahead and we'll put all those together and we'll see if we can whip you up some undercut.

So as you can see the work angle that I have here is improper.

It's way too high.

It's a lot higher than what I need.

If you want to bring this down you can bring it down to about a 45 degree angle

and that should be about where you want it.

This weld we're doing everything wrong.

Okay travel speed is too high, work angle is incorrect, amperage is set up you know a little bit above normal just

so I can produce that undercut so I can show those that don't know exactly what it is what to look for.

But because the angle, the speed, I ended up with that undercut on that top edge, which is where I wanted it.

You know, if I was welding vertical, you know, you could get undercut on the left

or the right -hand side just because you're not spending enough time on the sides.

But here, it's going to be more prevalent on the vertical piece

or the top leg or the top toe of that weld that you're going to put in there.

Another thing you see in here because that excessive arc length

when I pulled back is I had excessive spatter on the workpiece as well

so that's just kind of like molten metal that's that's popping off

or because the puddle's too hot you know it's kind of bouncing out there's too much energy in there

and this stuff's going to spray all over the place.

You want to get rid of that also you don't want to leave

that on your plates especially if you know you're getting and weld inspections, you know, the inspectors are gonna look for that.

Go ahead, take your time, clean up your plate.

Next thing we're gonna talk about is arc strikes.

So arc strikes happen for mainly one reason.

and possibly two arc strikes are typically caused due to carelessness recklessness

you're not paying attention accidentally touch the work piece you know with a live electrode

and you scrape down there it's discontinuity

you want to avoid arc strikes in your weld material

they can cause micro cracks outside of the welding area especially

if on a building or a structure that's cyclically loaded

that little micro structure those little cracks in there they can start propagating through the weld metal or the base metal.

So you don't want arc strikes on your material.

It's going to be up to the inspector whether he's going to have you cut that piece out,

remove it, repair it, whatever the case may be.

So you want to avoid arc strikes.

The biggest thing that I see that causes arc strikes, like I said, is carelessness.

But when students are first, well, students and experienced welders, when they strike the arc and they get stuck,

they want to fight the rod back and forth

and just kind of pop it off

there you know versus just disconnecting the stinger letting the electrode sit there for a second cool off

and then snap it what happens is once this becomes stuck

and I start moving back and forth I don't know

100

when it's gonna break free this thing breaks free

101

and then I get arc strike all the way across my plate way outside of my welding zone

102

that's what you want to try to avoid all right next we're going to talk about piracy

103

or tiny little weld bubbles that are in your weld what can cause porosity is

104

if you're welding and it is too windy outside so

105

if you're using a gas metal arc welding process outside

106

and it's too windy

107

you can get porosity using flux core outside up to a certain amount of miles per hour of the wind

108

you can get porosity that way

109

if you're not using the appropriate cubic feet per hour of shielding gas for gas metal arc welding process

110

you can get porosity hydrocarbons such as wd -40 or paint or anything like that that is on the base material

111

If you don't clean that off, that can cause porosity as well.

112

So we're going to go ahead and get into it and show you exactly what porosity looks like.

113

So we're welding along normal.

114

Now Man Cub's going to hit the weld zone with a

115

little bit of compressed air to simulate a big gust of wind coming through or welding outside.

116

So as you can see, everything's pretty unruly.

117

No gas coverage, getting porosity, trailing the weld.

118

It's not a good condition.

119

Very blustery day under here.

120

All right guys, so that's pretty much porosity in a nutshell.

121

You can get porosity with pretty much any welding process that you do.

122

It's all about gas coverage and shielding that weld pool, keeping everything nice and clean in that area, taking off any mill scale,

123

dirt, debris, hydrocarbons, oils, solvents, anything like that.

124

Fluxicore arc welding is also prone to wormhole porosity,

125

so that's a different type of porosity you typically don't get with shielded metal arc welding or gas metal arc welding.

126

Go ahead and check out our previous video, How to Avoid Wormholes, if that's something you're experiencing.

127

That pretty much concludes this episode.

128

Like I said, it's the first of a series.

129

So I hope you guys learned something.

130

Make sure you like and subscribe to the channel.

131

132

Make sure you hit that little bell button down here.

133

You'll get new notifications every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday at 5 .30 Eastern Standard Time when we release new videos.

134

And until next time, make every weld better than your last.

135

Take three. And action.

136

What the .

137

Did you guys see that?

138

That's what I got to put up with.

139

Hello again.

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คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้

บทเรียนฝึกพูดนี้ใช้วิดีโอ “WELDING DEFECTS!! Porosity, Arc Strikes, Undercut” เป็นสื่อ คำที่ถูกพูดซ้ำบ่อยที่สุด: arc, weld, undercut, welding, porosity วิดีโอนี้มี 139 ประโยค และ 1686 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 8:29 ผู้พูดพูดเร็ว ประมาณ 199 คำต่อนาที จึงมีการเชื่อมเสียงและลดเสียงค่อนข้างมาก มีเพียง 81% ของคำที่อยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ คำศัพท์จึงค่อนข้างยาก

คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้

คำที่ควรเรียนรู้ 15 คำจากวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:

คำศัพท์	คำอ่าน	ความหมาย
angle คำนาม	/ˈæŋ.ɡəl/	มุม
shield คำนาม	/ˈʃild/	โล่, เขน
eighth คำคุณศัพท์	/eɪtθ/	ที่แปด
vertical คำคุณศัพท์	/ˈvɝ.tɪ.kəl/	ตั้งฉาก, ตั้งตรง
voltage คำนาม	/ˈvəʊltɪd͡ʒ/	แรงดันไฟฟ้า, โวลเตจ
thick คำคุณศัพท์	/θɪk/	หนา
inspector คำนาม	/ɪnˈspɛk.tɚ/	ผู้ตรวจสอบ, ผู้ตรวจการณ์
depend คำกริยา	/dɪˈpɛnd/	พึ่ง
diameter คำนาม	/daɪˈæmɪdɚ/	เส้นผ่าศูนย์กลาง, เส้นผ่านศูนย์กลาง
microwave คำนาม	/ˈmaɪkɹoʊˌweɪv/	ไมโครเวฟ
thickness คำนาม	/ˈθɪknəs/	ความหนา
defect คำนาม	/ˈdiːfɛkt/	ข้อบกพร่อง
windy คำคุณศัพท์	/ˈwɪn.di/	ลมแรง
repair คำกริยา	/ˈɹiːpɛɚ/	ซ่อม, ซ่อมแซม
mill คำนาม	/mɪl/	โรงสี

กริยาวลีที่คุณจะได้ยิน

คำศัพท์	ความหมาย
take off คำกริยา	ถอด

ประโยคที่ควรฝึกพูดซ้ำ

ประโยคสั้น ๆ ที่สมบูรณ์จากวิดีโอ ซึ่งนำไปใช้ในบทสนทนาประจำวันได้:

Today we're gonna talk about discontinuities.
It'll decrease when I get in too close.
It's a lot higher than what I need.
This weld we're doing everything wrong.
Did you guys see that?

การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง

ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 59 ครั้ง เช่น we're, you're, don't ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน

เสียง “th”: eighth /eɪtθ/, thick /θɪk/, thickness /ˈθɪknəs/
เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: shield /ˈʃild/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, inspection /ɪnˈspɛkʃən/, notification /ˌnoʊtɪfɪˈkeɪʃn̩/, rejection /ɹɪˈd͡ʒɛkʃən/
คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: diameter /daɪˈæmɪdɚ/, ideally /aɪˈdi.ə.li/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, accidentally /ˌæk.sɪˈdɛnt(ə)li/, apologize /əˈpɑləˌd͡ʒaɪz/

เสียงที่คนไทยมักออกเสียงยาก:

เสียงท้ายคำ — ออกเสียงให้ครบ ไม่เปลี่ยนเป็นตัวสะกดแบบไทย: angle /ˈæŋ.ɡəl/, eighth /eɪtθ/, vertical /ˈvɝ.tɪ.kəl/, voltage /ˈvəʊltɪd͡ʒ/, excessive /ɪkˈsɛsɪv/
/v/ — ไม่ใช่ /w/ ให้ฟันบนแตะริมฝีปากล่าง: vertical /ˈvɝ.tɪ.kəl/, voltage /ˈvəʊltɪd͡ʒ/, excessive /ɪkˈsɛsɪv/, microwave /ˈmaɪkɹoʊˌweɪv/, versus /ˈvɝsəs/
/z/ — เสียงก้อง ไม่ใช่ /s/: apologize /əˈpɑləˌd͡ʒaɪz/, horizontal /ˌhoɹəˈzɑn.təl/

วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้

ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
เริ่มที่ความเร็ว 0.75× พูดตามทีละประโยค แล้วกลับไปใช้ความเร็วปกติเมื่อเริ่มคล่อง
อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง angle, shield, eighth เป็นพิเศษ

เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?

Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ

เทคนิค shadowing: อ่านคู่มือฉบับเต็มทีละขั้นตอน →

ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: WELDING DEFECTS!! Porosity, Arc Strikes, Undercut

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คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้

กริยาวลีที่คุณจะได้ยิน

ประโยคที่ควรฝึกพูดซ้ำ

การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง

วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้

เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?