ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: WELDING DEFECTS!! Part 2

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Hey everybody, welcome back to the lab.

Today we're going to do episode two on welding discontinuities.

Number one on the list is incomplete joint penetration.

Some of you are all too familiar with that.

You know who you are.

Number two is weld spatter.

That's spatter, not splatter.

Splatter is something you do after a night of binge drinking draft beer and eating taco bell at four in the morning.

And number three is excessive reinforcement.

Honestly, I've got nothing.

Okay, so what we've done here is we beveled the plates improperly intentionally.

So as you can see, we have a 22 .5 degree, whereas I should have a 37 .5 degree plus

or minus bevel angle for the plate if I was going to perform open root.

And then we have a root face on here.

Now typically when I do this, I would run 37 .5 degree on both plates.

I would run 332 to 8 inch root opening, and then about a 16th of an inch land.

So the land on this one's a bit excessive.

It's roughly about 332 seconds of an inch.

We have a 332nd root opening and then the 22 and a half degree bevel.

So we got a mixed up pup right here.

So hopefully we'll be able to get some incomplete joint penetration and show this to you guys.

And I kind of want to stress this just for the simple fact that as a welder, you probably spend about 80 % of your time,

your labor and prep work.

The other 20 % is going to be welding.

Okay.

That's the most technical, but how do you expect to make chicken soup from chicken right you have to start off

and set yourself up for success by doing the appropriate preparation okay

so we're going to go ahead

and tack this up i have a piece of 332nd tig rod

i'm just going to bend this into a little horseshoe

and stick that in there

and that's going to help me keep my plate spacing right where i want

it i'm going to start with this right side first get

that tacked in and then we're going to verify the gap prior to welding the other side so

So if I weld on one side, it's going to open up on the other.

So I'll just tap this back together, re -verify it with the TIG filler wire before I tack that up.

Now we're going to go ahead and throw this up in the stand.

We'll go ahead and do some vertical.

It's Friday.

Why not?

Okay, so first I'm going to light up on the tack down here.

And I'm going to get that burnt in.

And then I'm just going to start a little bit of whip and pause.

Just advancing ahead and dropping back down.

Now you'll notice I don't have as much punch as I should.

And that's mostly because of the improper bevel angle and the excessive amount of land that I have on here.

Typically, I would run a smaller land and a wider bevel.

So you can see how the filler metal is kind of bunching up in the center of that joint.

I'm probably not getting good penetration of the backside, although I can hear some faint penetration on the back.

And we'll go ahead and terminate.

Now, again, what we should do for the restart is feather this tack out, clean this joint out.

but we're kind of trying to show you exactly what not to do

and what happens if you don't do it correctly

so we're gonna go ahead and skip feathering that out just know

that you know if you do go to do a restart on open root

or any anything for that nature you should go ahead

and feather that tack back out

so you can burn back into the back side of the plate

but we're gonna be lazy today because we want to show you discontinuities

and what's causing them so we'll go ahead and tie into this

and we're just gonna keep our way

or keep working our way up the joint trying to penetrate into the back side all right

it's perfect we've got quite a few areas where i have incomplete joint penetration

that's exactly what we're trying to replicate

so as you can see in here the the weld just didn't wasn't able to punch through

that material enough and that's basically because we squeezed it together too tight

with that land now that's not to say i mean

if you ran a 3 30 second gap yeah you could penetrate through there.

Sometimes you're in the shop, you're out in the field, you know, things just aren't the way they are in a textbook.

It's not the way it's in a classroom.

You have to make adjustments.

You could turn your arc force up a little bit higher.

You could also increase your amperage.

You could put a little bit more pressure on the rod and still burn to the backside.

We're trying to show you through repetition and building good habits and things like that.

All right, so that was incomplete joint penetration.

Got another plate here.

We already put the fill one off camera

so I like to keep my fill

this one here is about just flush with the plate some spots a little bit higher than the plate

but typically what I like to do is keep my my fill pass the 16th below the weld surface

if I can do that I can almost guarantee myself

that I'll fall under that eighth inch cap

that I want to put on here

now I'm going to go just for the sake of time

I'm going to put a wider pass on here than normal you can technically qualify

that as a weave but I'm not going to,

I'm just going to bounce from side to side and kind of take my time in the middle.

This is exactly what you do not want to do.

I'm trying to replicate a high crown in the middle of this weld so that we can show you excessive weld reinforcement.

So I'm going to go slow through the center of this pass.

Typically if you're doing this correctly you would hold the sides for about two seconds

and then go fast to the middle because we're working out of position.

The center of the weld is going to take care of itself due to gravity.

So you just kind of bounce back and forth from side to side.

We'll get all the way to the top.

You'll notice also that there's not a runoff tab here.

I'm expecting, or anticipating rather,

some underfill in this section and maybe a little bit of weld metal to roll back on us once we get here,

100

once we get closer to the top because there's nothing to support that weld.

101

So what we are looking at right now is excessive weld reinforcement.

102

So ultimately I wanted to be over an eighth of an inch and it looks like we're we're right there

103

I'm about 5 30 seconds to 3 16ths in some areas.

104

That's excessive reinforcement I don't want to be anything higher than an eighth inch

105

That's why I like to say I like to work a little bit lower than an eighth of an inch

106

That way i've got a little bit of a buffer in there.

107

That is your excessive weld reinforcement

108

You want to avoid that whether it is on the roof

109

or whether it is on the surface or the cap of your plate

110

Either way, you don't want to be above an eighth of an inch

111

Once we get over 3 -8th plate, we start getting into like thicker material, one inch and above.

112

There are different criteria.

113

You are allowed to have different sizes of weld reinforcement.

114

But more or less for D11 structural stuff, it's all going to be 3 -8th plate,

115

1 -8th inch weld reinforcement on the cap or on the root.

116

So, you know, always try to keep it under 1 -8th of an inch.

117

All right, so next we have spatter, okay.

118

Spatter's pretty common.

119

A couple different ways you can get spatter, especially with the shielded metal arc welding, is the amperage.

120

If it's set way too high for the electrode, if you exceed that current carrying capacity of that electrode,

121

you're going to end up with a weld spatter.

122

Additionally, too long of an arc length.

123

If you're keeping excessive arc length, you're going to end up and get spattered that way as well.

124

Traveling too slow can also cause excessive spatter on here, spatter in general.

125

You want to try to minimize spatter.

126

It doesn't look good.

127

You can get called out for having a buckshot as it's

128

more commonly referred to on the field on your on your weld piece you may be asked to grind all that

129

that stuff off you know it's just

130

it's not a good discontinuity to have on your material you want to try to alleviate

131

that as much as possible

132

so as far as arc length you know you want to you want to keep the same diameter

133

or same arc length as the diameter of the electrode you're using

134

so for instance i was using an eighth inch electrode

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i should maintain about an eighth inch of an arc gap for that electrode if I jump up to a 532nd.

136

Same thing, I want to maintain a 532nd arc gap in there.

137

Try to stay within the correct amperage range, go down nice slow steady travel speed, not too slow.

138

You'll notice if you start getting too slow you're going to develop spatter.

139

It's a good indication to speed up and then keep that arc length nice and consistent.

140

You're also going to get spattered all over your material, your work table it's just more for you to clean up you know

141

so try to pay attention to it if it's

142

if you're developing spatter you know maybe stop check your adjustments check your polarity settings make sure

143

you're not traveling too slow for what's going on

144

and I mean that's pretty much it spatters relatively simple to get rid of

145

so I don't want to spend too much time on

146

that one we definitely appreciate the support and until next time make everyone better than your last

147

Remember baby buggy bumpers?

148

Hey guys welcome back to the shop.

149

Yes!

150

You said welcome back to the shop.

151

Ladies and gentlemen welcome back to the shop.

152

Arc strike.

153

Arc strike.

154

Scarelessness.

155

Camera guy didn't have any fun making this video.

156

I had some fun.

157

We got to reference Pootie Tang.

158

That was fun.

159

Wadda ta sabote.

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บทเรียนฝึกพูดนี้ใช้วิดีโอ “WELDING DEFECTS!! Part 2” เป็นสื่อ คำที่ถูกพูดซ้ำบ่อยที่สุด: weld, inch, spatter, arc, plate วิดีโอนี้มี 159 ประโยค และ 1796 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 8:31 ผู้พูดพูดเร็ว ประมาณ 211 คำต่อนาที จึงมีการเชื่อมเสียงและลดเสียงค่อนข้างมาก 82% ของคำอยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ ส่วนที่เหลือควรดูไว้ก่อนเริ่มฝึก

คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้

คำที่ควรเรียนรู้ 15 คำจากวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:

คำศัพท์	คำอ่าน	ความหมาย
eighth คำคุณศัพท์	/eɪtθ/	ที่แปด
feather คำนาม	/ˈfɛðə/	ขนนก, ขน
angle คำนาม	/ˈæŋ.ɡəl/	มุม
punch คำนาม	/pʌnt͡ʃ/	หมัด
diameter คำนาม	/daɪˈæmɪdɚ/	เส้นผ่าศูนย์กลาง, เส้นผ่านศูนย์กลาง
bounce คำกริยา	/baʊns/	เด้ง
thick คำคุณศัพท์	/θɪk/	หนา
guarantee คำนาม	/ˌɡæɹ.ənˈtiː/	การรับประกัน
wire คำนาม	/ˈwaɪɚ/	ลวด, สาย
steady คำคุณศัพท์	/ˈstɪdi/	มั่นคง
shield คำนาม	/ˈʃild/	โล่, เขน
habit คำนาม	/ˈhæb.ɪt/	นิสัย
lazy คำคุณศัพท์	/ˈleɪ̯zi(ː)/	เกียจคร้าน, ขี้เกียจ
classroom คำนาม	/ˈklɑːsɹʊm/	ห้องเรียน
soup คำนาม	/sup/	ซุป

การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง

ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 65 ครั้ง เช่น I'm, we're, you're ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน

เสียง “th”: eighth /eɪtθ/, feather /ˈfɛðə/, thick /θɪk/
เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: penetration /pɛ.nəˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/, preparation /ˌpɹɛpəˈɹeɪʃ(ə)n/, shield /ˈʃild/, structural /ˈstɹʌk(t͡)ʃəɹəl/, indication /ɪndɪˈkeɪʃən/
คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: penetration /pɛ.nəˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/, diameter /daɪˈæmɪdɚ/, preparation /ˌpɹɛpəˈɹeɪʃ(ə)n/, technically /ˈtɛk.nɪˌkəl.i/, indication /ɪndɪˈkeɪʃən/

เสียงที่คนไทยมักออกเสียงยาก:

เสียงท้ายคำ — ออกเสียงให้ครบ ไม่เปลี่ยนเป็นตัวสะกดแบบไทย: excessive /ɪkˈsɛsɪv/, eighth /eɪtθ/, angle /ˈæŋ.ɡəl/, punch /pʌnt͡ʃ/, bounce /baʊns/
/v/ — ไม่ใช่ /w/ ให้ฟันบนแตะริมฝีปากล่าง: excessive /ɪkˈsɛsɪv/, verify /ˈvɛɹɪfaɪ/, gravity /ˈɡɹævɪti/, vertical /ˈvɝ.tɪ.kəl/, weave /wiːv/
/z/ — เสียงก้อง ไม่ใช่ /s/: whereas /(h)wɛɹˈæz/, lazy /ˈleɪ̯zi(ː)/, pause /pɔːz/, squeeze /skwiːz/, minimize /ˈmɪn.ɪˌmaɪz/

วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้

ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
เริ่มที่ความเร็ว 0.75× พูดตามทีละประโยค แล้วกลับไปใช้ความเร็วปกติเมื่อเริ่มคล่อง
อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง eighth, feather, angle เป็นพิเศษ

เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?

Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ

เทคนิค shadowing: อ่านคู่มือฉบับเต็มทีละขั้นตอน →

ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: WELDING DEFECTS!! Part 2

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เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?