Shadowing Practice: WELDING DEFECTS!! Part 2 - Learn English Speaking with Video

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Hey everybody, welcome back to the lab.

Today we're going to do episode two on welding discontinuities.

Number one on the list is incomplete joint penetration.

Some of you are all too familiar with that.

You know who you are.

Number two is weld spatter.

That's spatter, not splatter.

Splatter is something you do after a night of binge drinking draft beer and eating taco bell at four in the morning.

And number three is excessive reinforcement.

Honestly, I've got nothing.

Okay, so what we've done here is we beveled the plates improperly intentionally.

So as you can see, we have a 22 .5 degree, whereas I should have a 37 .5 degree plus

or minus bevel angle for the plate if I was going to perform open root.

And then we have a root face on here.

Now typically when I do this, I would run 37 .5 degree on both plates.

I would run 332 to 8 inch root opening, and then about a 16th of an inch land.

So the land on this one's a bit excessive.

It's roughly about 332 seconds of an inch.

We have a 332nd root opening and then the 22 and a half degree bevel.

So we got a mixed up pup right here.

So hopefully we'll be able to get some incomplete joint penetration and show this to you guys.

And I kind of want to stress this just for the simple fact that as a welder, you probably spend about 80 % of your time,

your labor and prep work.

The other 20 % is going to be welding.

Okay.

That's the most technical, but how do you expect to make chicken soup from chicken right you have to start off

and set yourself up for success by doing the appropriate preparation okay

so we're going to go ahead

and tack this up i have a piece of 332nd tig rod

i'm just going to bend this into a little horseshoe

and stick that in there

and that's going to help me keep my plate spacing right where i want

it i'm going to start with this right side first get

that tacked in and then we're going to verify the gap prior to welding the other side so

So if I weld on one side, it's going to open up on the other.

So I'll just tap this back together, re -verify it with the TIG filler wire before I tack that up.

Now we're going to go ahead and throw this up in the stand.

We'll go ahead and do some vertical.

It's Friday.

Why not?

Okay, so first I'm going to light up on the tack down here.

And I'm going to get that burnt in.

And then I'm just going to start a little bit of whip and pause.

Just advancing ahead and dropping back down.

Now you'll notice I don't have as much punch as I should.

And that's mostly because of the improper bevel angle and the excessive amount of land that I have on here.

Typically, I would run a smaller land and a wider bevel.

So you can see how the filler metal is kind of bunching up in the center of that joint.

I'm probably not getting good penetration of the backside, although I can hear some faint penetration on the back.

And we'll go ahead and terminate.

Now, again, what we should do for the restart is feather this tack out, clean this joint out.

but we're kind of trying to show you exactly what not to do

and what happens if you don't do it correctly

so we're gonna go ahead and skip feathering that out just know

that you know if you do go to do a restart on open root

or any anything for that nature you should go ahead

and feather that tack back out

so you can burn back into the back side of the plate

but we're gonna be lazy today because we want to show you discontinuities

and what's causing them so we'll go ahead and tie into this

and we're just gonna keep our way

or keep working our way up the joint trying to penetrate into the back side all right

it's perfect we've got quite a few areas where i have incomplete joint penetration

that's exactly what we're trying to replicate

so as you can see in here the the weld just didn't wasn't able to punch through

that material enough and that's basically because we squeezed it together too tight

with that land now that's not to say i mean

if you ran a 3 30 second gap yeah you could penetrate through there.

Sometimes you're in the shop, you're out in the field, you know, things just aren't the way they are in a textbook.

It's not the way it's in a classroom.

You have to make adjustments.

You could turn your arc force up a little bit higher.

You could also increase your amperage.

You could put a little bit more pressure on the rod and still burn to the backside.

We're trying to show you through repetition and building good habits and things like that.

All right, so that was incomplete joint penetration.

Got another plate here.

We already put the fill one off camera

so I like to keep my fill

this one here is about just flush with the plate some spots a little bit higher than the plate

but typically what I like to do is keep my my fill pass the 16th below the weld surface

if I can do that I can almost guarantee myself

that I'll fall under that eighth inch cap

that I want to put on here

now I'm going to go just for the sake of time

I'm going to put a wider pass on here than normal you can technically qualify

that as a weave but I'm not going to,

I'm just going to bounce from side to side and kind of take my time in the middle.

This is exactly what you do not want to do.

I'm trying to replicate a high crown in the middle of this weld so that we can show you excessive weld reinforcement.

So I'm going to go slow through the center of this pass.

Typically if you're doing this correctly you would hold the sides for about two seconds

and then go fast to the middle because we're working out of position.

The center of the weld is going to take care of itself due to gravity.

So you just kind of bounce back and forth from side to side.

We'll get all the way to the top.

You'll notice also that there's not a runoff tab here.

I'm expecting, or anticipating rather,

some underfill in this section and maybe a little bit of weld metal to roll back on us once we get here,

100

once we get closer to the top because there's nothing to support that weld.

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So what we are looking at right now is excessive weld reinforcement.

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So ultimately I wanted to be over an eighth of an inch and it looks like we're we're right there

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I'm about 5 30 seconds to 3 16ths in some areas.

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That's excessive reinforcement I don't want to be anything higher than an eighth inch

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That's why I like to say I like to work a little bit lower than an eighth of an inch

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That way i've got a little bit of a buffer in there.

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That is your excessive weld reinforcement

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You want to avoid that whether it is on the roof

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or whether it is on the surface or the cap of your plate

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Either way, you don't want to be above an eighth of an inch

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Once we get over 3 -8th plate, we start getting into like thicker material, one inch and above.

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There are different criteria.

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You are allowed to have different sizes of weld reinforcement.

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But more or less for D11 structural stuff, it's all going to be 3 -8th plate,

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1 -8th inch weld reinforcement on the cap or on the root.

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So, you know, always try to keep it under 1 -8th of an inch.

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All right, so next we have spatter, okay.

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Spatter's pretty common.

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A couple different ways you can get spatter, especially with the shielded metal arc welding, is the amperage.

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If it's set way too high for the electrode, if you exceed that current carrying capacity of that electrode,

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you're going to end up with a weld spatter.

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Additionally, too long of an arc length.

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If you're keeping excessive arc length, you're going to end up and get spattered that way as well.

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Traveling too slow can also cause excessive spatter on here, spatter in general.

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You want to try to minimize spatter.

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It doesn't look good.

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You can get called out for having a buckshot as it's

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more commonly referred to on the field on your on your weld piece you may be asked to grind all that

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that stuff off you know it's just

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it's not a good discontinuity to have on your material you want to try to alleviate

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that as much as possible

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so as far as arc length you know you want to you want to keep the same diameter

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or same arc length as the diameter of the electrode you're using

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so for instance i was using an eighth inch electrode

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i should maintain about an eighth inch of an arc gap for that electrode if I jump up to a 532nd.

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Same thing, I want to maintain a 532nd arc gap in there.

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Try to stay within the correct amperage range, go down nice slow steady travel speed, not too slow.

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You'll notice if you start getting too slow you're going to develop spatter.

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It's a good indication to speed up and then keep that arc length nice and consistent.

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You're also going to get spattered all over your material, your work table it's just more for you to clean up you know

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so try to pay attention to it if it's

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if you're developing spatter you know maybe stop check your adjustments check your polarity settings make sure

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you're not traveling too slow for what's going on

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and I mean that's pretty much it spatters relatively simple to get rid of

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so I don't want to spend too much time on

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that one we definitely appreciate the support and until next time make everyone better than your last

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Remember baby buggy bumpers?

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Hey guys welcome back to the shop.

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Yes!

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You said welcome back to the shop.

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Ladies and gentlemen welcome back to the shop.

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Arc strike.

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Arc strike.

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Scarelessness.

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Camera guy didn't have any fun making this video.

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I had some fun.

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We got to reference Pootie Tang.

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That was fun.

159

Wadda ta sabote.

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Vocabulary and speaking notes for this lesson

This speaking lesson is built on the video “WELDING DEFECTS!! Part 2”. The speaker keeps coming back to these words: weld, inch, spatter, arc, plate. This video has 159 sentences and 1796 words to shadow. The speech runs for 8:31. The speaker talks fast, about 211 words per minute, so expect linked and reduced sounds. 82% of the words are among the 3,000 most common in English; the rest is worth studying before you start.

Key vocabulary in this video

15 words from the video worth learning, with pronunciation and meaning:

Word	Pronunciation	Meaning
excessive adjective	/ɪkˈsɛsɪv/	Exceeding the usual bounds of something; too much (of amount); extravagant; immoderate.
eighth adjective	/eɪtθ/	The ordinal form of the number eight.
penetration noun	/pɛ.nəˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/	The act of penetrating something.
incomplete adjective	/ɪn.kəmˈpliːt/	Not complete; not finished.
feather noun	/ˈfɛðə/	A branching, hair-like structure that grows on the bodies of birds, used for flight, swimming, protection and display.
angle noun	/ˈæŋ.ɡəl/	A figure formed by two rays which start from a common point (a plane angle) or by three planes that intersect (a solid angle).
punch noun	/pʌnt͡ʃ/	A hit or strike with one's fist.
correctly adverb	/kəˈɹɛk(t).li/	In a correct manner.
diameter noun	/daɪˈæmɪdɚ/	Any straight line between two points on the circumference of a circle that passes through the center of the circle; a chord that passes through the center of…
bounce verb	/baʊns/	To change the direction of motion after hitting an obstacle.
adjustment noun	/əˈd͡ʒʌst.mənt/	The action of adjusting something.
verify verb	/ˈvɛɹɪfaɪ/	To substantiate or prove the truth of something.
restart verb	/ˈɹiːˌstɑɹt/	To start again.
penetrate verb	/ˈpɛnɪtɹeɪt/	To enter into; to make way into the interior of; to pierce.
replicate verb	/ˈɹɛplɪkeɪt/	To make a copy (replica) of.

Phrasal verbs you will hear

Word	Pronunciation	Meaning
go ahead verb	/ˌɡoʊ əˈhɛd/	To proceed with; to begin.
back out verb		To reverse (a vehicle) from a confined space.
clean up verb		To make an area or a thing clean; to pick up a mess; to tidy.
drop back verb		Of a quarterback or other player in the backfield, to take a number of steps back from the line of scrimmage immediately after the snap or hike of the ball, to…
end up verb		To bring to a conclusion.
fall under verb		To belong to for purposes of categorization.
get over verb		To overcome.
go down verb		To descend; to move from a higher place to a lower one.

Pronunciation to watch

The speaker uses 65 contractions and reduced forms, such as I'm, we're, you're. Say them the short way, as you hear them.

The “th” sounds: eighth /eɪtθ/, feather /ˈfɛðə/, thick /θɪk/
The “sh” and “zh” sounds: penetration /pɛ.nəˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/, preparation /ˌpɹɛpəˈɹeɪʃ(ə)n/, shield /ˈʃild/, structural /ˈstɹʌk(t͡)ʃəɹəl/, indication /ɪndɪˈkeɪʃən/
Long words — get the stress right: penetration /pɛ.nəˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/, diameter /daɪˈæmɪdɚ/, preparation /ˌpɹɛpəˈɹeɪʃ(ə)n/, technically /ˈtɛk.nɪˌkəl.i/, indication /ɪndɪˈkeɪʃən/

How to practise with this video

Listen to the whole video once without speaking and note the words you do not know.
Start at 0.75× speed, shadow it sentence by sentence, then go back to normal speed once it feels easy.
Record yourself and compare with the original, paying attention to words like excessive, eighth, penetration.

What is the Shadowing Technique?

Shadowing is a science-backed language learning technique originally developed for professional interpreter training and popularized by polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. The method is simple but powerful: you listen to native English audio and immediately repeat it out loud — like a shadow following the speaker with just a 1–2 second delay. Unlike passive listening or grammar drills, shadowing forces your brain and mouth muscles to simultaneously process and reproduce real speech patterns. Research shows it significantly improves pronunciation accuracy, intonation, rhythm, connected speech, listening comprehension, and speaking fluency — making it one of the most effective methods for IELTS Speaking preparation and real-world English communication.

Shadowing technique: read the full step-by-step guide →

Shadowing Practice: WELDING DEFECTS!! Part 2 - Learn English Speaking with Video

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