Практика Shadowing: Teaching Myself Electronics (Part One) - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео
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okay here is the situation two years ago i acquired this degree right here in the hopes
2
that one day would help me get a job as a software developer
3
that didn't happen not even close and
4
so after a million rejection emails as well as a slight existential crisis i decided you know what
5
if i'm going to be suffering through a terrible terrible job market the very least let me choose a job
6
that i actually want to do crazy concept i know and
7
so for the past year i've been making this career path
8
transition from the world of programming into the lovely world of
9
engineering i enrolled into community college in order to fill in
10
my educational gap i've also been doing a lot of space related engineering programs
11
that are super cool but also super useful for getting my foot through the door
12
if you know what i mean
13
and also i got into grad school despite not actually having
14
an engineering degree pat on the back for me however god must have thought
15
that i've been having it too good recently and decided to deliver me a slap to my face.
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At the community college where I'm currently taking my engineering courses, they decided that this semester they were going to cancel all of my classes.
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Which sucks because not only were those classes super interesting, but I also kind of needed them for grad school.
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Yikes.
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And so I've been sitting here kind of upset, wondering how am I going to get these credits to show to my grad school that I actually know what I'm doing.
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And And what if with this YouTube channel, there was a way for me to prove that I taught myself the necessary material that I needed to know,
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without actually having the credits to show for that knowledge?
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I hope you understand where I'm getting at.
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And so in this video, I will be documenting the entire process of how I taught myself the lovely world of electronics, so that hopefully, I don't have to take these classes in the summer.
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Please, I beg of you, please, please, I really don't want to pay for those credits, please!
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so here are the list of classes that i wanted to take
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that semester i want to focus on these three classes up here you see the field of engineering
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that i want to go into is mechatronics
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which is unfortunately not in reference to megatron really missed an
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opportunity there instead it refers to someone who does mechanical electrical
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and computer engineering all together hence the classes these are the electrical engineering classes i want to take
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and these two down here are mechanical engineering classes
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that I will do on my own time because it just looks like this.
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Which is boring to watch and boring to edit.
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Also, I do have some knowledge about computers, which is why you don't see any computer engineering classes because I suffered through a good four years of learning.
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So I just need the electronics classes to be on track for my grad degree.
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I'm not actually sure how long this is going to take because this is technically a lot of material.
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So let's just see how far I can get in this video.
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Hmm, I wonder what I should start with.
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Here is a microcontroller, more specifically an Arduino.
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It is essentially a tiny not so powerful computer that can be programmed to do whatever you want, and this is actually the most important class that I wanted to take this semester,
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but no. But fear not, I have a different way of learning how to use this thing.
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You see, one year ago I bought myself a starter kit for the Arduino that comes with said Arduino, a couple of electronics components,
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and a course that teaches me exactly how to use this thing.
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I did end up being too busy to finish it at the time, but hey, at least I don't have to pay for a course now.
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Bromach.
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The specific kit that I got was from craftingtable .com and it's their 30 days lost in space kit.
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As the title suggests, the course takes place over the span of 30 days where
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you pretend you are an astronaut lost in space in a broken ship with nothing
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but an old arduino kit and a weird AI lady to help you fix your ship
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and get safely back home
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which in my opinion makes things a lot more interesting than
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just like sitting in a boring lecture okay let's begin now i don't know
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if you're watching this video because you know something about electronics
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and want to berate me in the comments when i do something wrong
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or if you're just an ordinary pleb that's looking for entertainment
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while you're eating dinner doesn't matter i will still provide you
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with the simple facts in case you don't know what the
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heck i'm doing the arduino works by connecting various electronic components to these pins here.
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These pins are labeled and can be accessed and controlled through the Arduino IDE, which is where you write code for this thing.
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Different types of microcontrollers use different software, but for the Arduino specifically, it runs on C++.
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After programming what to do with the pins, you send the code off to the board where it gets downloaded onto its personal memory
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so that it can operate even when it's not connected to a computer, which is pretty neat.
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And boom, it hopefully should do what you want it to do, if everything's wired incorrectly.
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One thing I will note is
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that i pretty quickly abandoned the arduino brand ide for vs code instead
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because i was getting so tired of manually typing out every single variable
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and function resistance but i also wanted to write down the code actually instead of copying
68
and pasting it from the thing so i could learn what i was doing
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because that's like you know the whole point of the video
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oh yeah the code what do i mean by the code
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you see every day in the course you're provided with a video lesson
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and the lessons consist of three parts the first is
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which taught by the ai lady explaining to you the basics
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of the components you're using as well as some coding stuff she doesn't really go into detail
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because the second part of the lesson is a breakdown of the code
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and the last part is more about the hardware how to plug the things into the board
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and what it's supposed to look like below the video
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that provide you with a schematic of how to plug in the board as well as the code for the project itself.
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So yeah, I could just copy and paste the code and get it over with, but that's not the point in this video.
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I said I wanted to learn how to use this board, which means I'm going to sit there and manually type out the entire code until I understand it in my sleep.
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Anyway, after making that change, I was able to start working through the first couple of lessons because as it turns out, they're not really that long.
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So you can honestly do a couple of lessons in one
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day instead of breaking it up into separate days lucky for
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me i am off of work i have no friends
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and there's currently a blizzard outside which means that i can't go anywhere
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so i have plenty of time to burn during this first
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day i learned how to wire things into a breadboard how to control inputs
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and outputs and realized that i would need glasses sometime soon from the strain of making sure
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that my wires were going into the right pin the first
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project of course is to make this blinking led circuit
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which is not a challenge at all and this is where i have to point out the attitude of the Well, well, Explorer, you've managed to make a tiny light blink.
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How terribly impressive.
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The interstellar community is no doubt holding its breath in awe.
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But please, let's not forget the minor detail that you are sitting in abysmal darkness,
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60 meters under an alien sea while your rapidly dwindling oxygen supply bubbles away.
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Rest assured, every passing second I'm not working on saving your life,
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I'll be processing how we might avoid a similar fate the next time your curiosity gets the better of you.
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No pressure.
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It's only your invaluable life that is at stake.
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Is it just me or is she not being very nice?
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Either way, after making the light go blink, the next few lessons center around learning how to add new electrical components into the circuit, as well as learning some new code to get familiar with the Arduino.
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This course assumes that you know nothing about programming, which I would say was the only downside for me.
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Because again, I kind of know how to program stuff already How many times am I going to reuse this clip?
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Following the story, I play around with the switch
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and learn how to use an
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if statement Amazing before landing on creativity day number one
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Which is just do whatever you want day
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And I will be skimming through them as I am more interested in finishing the course
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So that I can just do creativity days Um, every day And with that, I was able to finish about five lessons on the first day Before deciding to go to bed You see,
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I've been trying to do this thing called sleeping early.
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I don't know, it's apparently like good for you or something.
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I think I'm doing it right.
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The next day, I woke up bright and early because I totally got eight hours of sleep that night.
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And started working from where I left off.
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Once again, I plugged in the board to the computer, opened up VS Code, and started working on getting the components wired up for the next project.
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Since I completed on this day, it started to get slightly more challenging, And I even encountered my first major issue when I was trying to make this photo sensor, um, photo sense.
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It was not.
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Hello?
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Why doesn't it work?
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I kept looking over the code thinking that I must have made an error somewhere there.
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The photo sensor is supposed to be sending a signal back to me, but it's only reading the same number over and over again.
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So something is wrong.
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I also realized you can't really see the serial monitor
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that I'm talking about because my head is blocking the view
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but it should look something like this except the numbers aren't changing
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and then i realized wait uh did i plug my wires
127
incorrectly the orange wire was actually plugged into the wrong hole
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wasn't reading anything from the sensor of course i didn't let's
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just say i was very happy to get this lesson over
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with oh my god it's working it's charging it's going so slowly here eat Eat, my love, eat.
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Oh, beautiful.
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Beautiful!
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Why was that so annoying?
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At the end of day two, I decided that it would be a good idea to plug in my microphone to my camera
135
and provide some amazing commentary about my progress so far.
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You know, because I'm like trying to be a YouTuber.
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But after re -watching the footage, I realized I should never do that ever again.
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why did i decide to learn how to do the arduino is it
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because i want neck pain for the rest of my life
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i'm going insane okay okay first off can you can you
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get into the no it's not long enough god damn it do i have to make these noises i might It might.
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Technologia.
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I hope you guys are enjoying.
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This amazing commentary I'm getting.
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I swear!
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Am I looking very attractive right now?
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Am I giving off feminine energy?
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I have connected wires to board time to give birth.
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What's happening?
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Okay, I'm gonna stop right there before I embarrass myself any further.
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Day three was like any other day.
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I sat down in front of my computer, powered up the Arduino, hunched my back in an odd angle, and got to work on starting the next lessons.
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I particularly enjoyed this day because it was much more code heavy than the others
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which if you remember is my specialty however it does mean
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that most of the time in my footage i am just silently staring at my screen analyzing code
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which is not really entertaining to watch
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so let me just list a few bullet points of what
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happened during this day i wrote some code i plugged in
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some wires i learned how to use this keypad i spent
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30 minutes debugging a problem i learned how to store passwords
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on the keypad i spent another 30 minutes debugging a problem
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googled a bunch of questions oh yeah also had a quick dance break
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you know what i'm not even going to provide any context for
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that did even more debugging late into the night
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and then finally decided to go to sleep early this time
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i actually decided to not go on my phone the next day was unfortunately uneventful
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because after completing about two lessons i decided to stop
168
and celebrate valentine's day not with like a guy
169
but by eating cake
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and watching michael reese's new video alone in my room now
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despite how this looks like i was actually pretty content
172
but just in case applications to date me are open
173
and there is just one small requirement on the last day
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the lessons focused around learning how to use various different components
175
that were a little bit more complicated than just a tiny little light
176
or a photo sensor we're doing more work with this keypad we have this 4x4 display the buzzer
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which you've seen before or rather heard an rgb light
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and this itty bitty little display previously i've been using each component individually
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but these last few lessons have them all combined together there
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was also a whole thing about like bitmaps for two lessons
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and that went in one ear
182
and out the other this is the only time i'm going to be copying pasting code
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because i i just cannot be bothered
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and after just spending four days on this course i was finally at the last lesson
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and before you say anything no i was not rushing i
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actually did sit for hours each day lurking through the courses
187
and understanding the material so don't you dare say
188
that i sped through this the last task at hand was
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to assemble a control system for guiding the imaginary space lander
190
that you're stuck in space with
191
because you know there's there's stuck in space lost in space
192
whatever you take this imaginary space lander to the safety of
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an imaginary mothership as the grand finale however things weren't going too well
194
because something kept resetting the arduino and or shutting off the screen
195
when i tried to do anything again i definitely think god
196
has a vendetta against me you see the button in the corner can reset the board
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if anything were to happen but like i wasn't pressing it, and it definitely wasn't being pressed by itself, so I was just confused as to what was happening.
198
And then I realized it.
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The problem I suspect is from these old wires
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that have been sitting in the corner of my room for a year at this point.
201
In fact, some of these have been sitting for probably over five years
202
because I just found them while I was rummaging in the garage.
203
Now, I could fix this issue by finding better wires,
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but I was lazy, and instead opted for the super awesome technique of don't touch any wire or make any sudden movements.
205
It did take a few attempts, but after a
206
while, the board ended up working long enough for me to
207
simulate the landing of the lander into the le - let me try that again.
208
The board worked long enough for me to simulate the landing of the lander into the mothership
209
and officially finishing the entire
210
course topic one complete don't worry this is not the last
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time you will see the arduino i still have much more to learn
212
and i have some fun projects planned for future videos But for now, I will push this thing to the side
213
because something just arrived in the mail a moment ago
214
Which leads us to the next thing that I want to learn in this video
215
Now during the last part you might have been thinking, wow, that is a hot mess of wires Is there no easier way to do that Maria?
216
And first off screw you I worked really hard and second off.
217
Yes, there is an easier way to do that It's called soldering things together on a little board.
218
This looks like a wand Knowing how to solder is extremely important when studying electric circuits,
219
so I'm going to consider this a part of my topic number two study.
220
Technically, that topic also encompasses things like electrical diagrams and just generally how electricity works, but I have a plan for that that I'm going to keep for the end of the video,
221
so let's just focus mostly on soldering for this part
222
which brings us back to the package i received i went on amazon
223
and looked for the cheapest solder it yourself project i could get my hands on why
224
because i don't have a lot of money right now actually it's
225
because i wanted to practice soldering things together on something
226
that i didn't really care about messing up these prototype boards allow you to do whatever you want
227
but i figured a custom pcb which is the same as this thing
228
but wires are built in and there's like a specific circuit being built
229
but you know that's whatever i figured working on a custom
230
pcb would be a much better experience plus it looks just so much more cooler
231
this is gonna be
232
so much fun the cheapest thing i could find online was
233
this line following robot it didn't look like a complicated project
234
and i honestly didn't even care
235
if it ended up working i just wanted to solder things together
236
but then i realized something i've only ever soldered something a few times before
237
and not at all any time recently okay i think i'm
238
going to have to review a little bit of YouTube in order to remember how to do this thing.
239
God.
240
Okay, yeah, let's go to YouTube.
241
So I went to YouTube and clicked on the first video that popped up about soldering.
242
Okay, change of game plan.
243
I'm actually going to take one of these prototyping boards right here
244
and practice doing this a little bit because i'm
245
so afraid even though it is 10 bucks i'm
246
so cheap i don't want to buy another one of these things i'm just going to try my
247
and you know make a little circuit on this little prototyping board
248
so scratch that we're actually going to do
249
that first oh i'm gonna have to put all this away
250
damn it swapping the pcb for a prototype board i just
251
started playing around i really tried utilizing some of their techniques
252
especially the one where you put some solder on the tip
253
and then you clean it off before actually doing the process
254
i also try to heat up the joints before applying the solder
255
but i still feel like it only obtained good results
256
when i put the solder directly on the iron and melt it
257
that way so please give me tips on how to not do
258
that anymore but once again i realized something
259
and this time it was bad you see this metal i'm
260
holding is a soft metal alloy of some kind i would love to be more specific
261
but after googling around a little bit i was unable to determine exactly what it was made out of.
262
I don't know what this is. Which is not good.
263
These wires usually have two different types of metal in them.
264
The most common metal is tin and the other is lead.
265
Yes, lead.
266
And I'm burning it, which is causing fumes, which I am breathing in.
267
Okay, it's not the prettiest looking thing
268
and I definitely just kind of like put these on here so that I can test that with the battery, but interesting.
269
In that case, I think this is where I'll stop for today
270
and then and I'm gonna try and get a fume extractor that's a thingamajiggy, cause I'm breathing in too much stuff.
271
Thanks to the beauty of Amazon Next Day Delivery, I acquired my fume extractor pretty quickly.
272
Okay, we're back in business.
273
Now that my lungs were adequately protected, I decided to play a little bit more with the prototype board before saying, well, I guess we're gonna move on to the PCB now.
274
Okay, I'm so sorry, but you're gonna have to come off of this thing, because i'm gonna need all the help i can get get it because they're called helping hands
275
i really need to rethink being a youtuber
276
and there we go i turned on my soldering iron
277
and was too lazy to get to the sink so
278
that i could soak the sponge
279
so i did the unthinkable delicious lead water cautiously i assembled
280
the pcb piece by piece at first i had a fear
281
that the instructions would be written in poor english
282
because i suspected it was a chinese -made school project and it was like $10.
283
I expect nothing more from that.
284
But surprisingly, it was competent.
285
I mean, I did rely on a lot of pictures, but I was able to follow along well enough.
286
Also, yes, I know I could have bent the legs of the components and that would have kept them in place, but I, you know, I'm learning.
287
I didn't know that.
288
I also recall I was breathing in fumes the day prior, so my brain is not working 100 % at its capacity.
289
So untype that comment right now.
290
Instead, can you write a comment telling me if this is correct?
291
I don't think it is, but I don't really know how else to get the flux out of the container.
292
You know what?
293
I think I know the answer.
294
It's definitely wrong.
295
As much as I would love to comment over all of this footage that I have of me soldering, there really isn't much to say.
296
I did change my shirt so don't confuse this by thinking it's another day.
297
This all happened on the same day because I was so invested in completing this project.
298
Even though this is a relatively simple task given that I didn't even come up with a circuit design myself, I still had a lot of fun doing this build.
299
I really like this shot of me working on it because I think I look really cool in this one.
300
I don't know, I just - I'm just someone who likes to build things on my own and
301
so this is just the epitome of everything i like to
302
do i really can't wait to do more projects like this
303
anyway after an hour of work i finished putting everything in place all
304
that was left was some mechanical pieces to be assembled but
305
and i am serious god always has a way of testing me i really struggled with assembling the wheels really struggled.
306
My fingers are too thick.
307
God damn it, okay.
308
It's like surgery.
309
God, this is so...
310
It reminds me of Legos.
311
My fingies are hurting.
312
Oh, that hurts so bad.
313
How do I get...
314
How do I...
315
I'm leaving marks on my finger.
316
I'm hurting myself.
317
Ow.
318
Go in.
319
Zen.
320
I must practice Zen when I'm done with this because I swear to God.
321
Go. In. To.
322
I'm actually gonna crash out.
323
I'm gonna crash the fuck out.
324
This is a problem.
325
Where'd it go?
326
I'm gonna take this soldering iron and absolutely burn my eyes out because - I'm going in.
327
I'm just going in!
328
I'm about to break something.
329
My spirit.
330
It's already broken.
331
God damn it.
332
Yeah, they're both moving.
333
Good.
334
Wow, in moments like these, I really take after my dad.
335
According to the video timestamp, it took me about 15 minutes to finally get this little stopper on, but once I did, I was finally finished with the robot.
336
All that was left now is to test it and see
337
if I messed up anywhere and at this point even though again I did say
338
that I don't care if this works or not I did kind of care
339
because it meant that at least I put all the components together You know, let me just roll the clip so afraid Okay, let's not hold anything important.
340
Okay.
341
Okay.
342
Let me just do a double check.
343
Oh, wait, no I see a problem thing happening right here.
344
Okay, turn on this.
345
Double check in, double check in.
346
I need to prepare my line.
347
Oh, also I feel like you should see this too.
348
It's alive.
349
Stop up.
350
Ha.
351
I feel like I should do this on my floor.
352
I'm kind of scared.
353
Okay.
354
Okay.
355
Okay.
356
Why is it not moving?
357
Okay.
358
So there's definitely something happening, but why is it not functioning?
359
One of the motors isn't working and I'm trying to figure it out.
360
Why?
361
I don't see any issues here.
362
Actually, it turns out nothing was wrong.
363
Because I don't know how to read electrical diagrams, I didn't really know how the circuit was functioning, and turns out these potentiometers just needed to be a little bit adjusted so that both motors were receiving signals.
364
But unfortunately, I didn't know that at the time, and as I was trying to re -solder some of the connections, I accidentally burned the plastic of the wheel.
365
So it works, but, uh, it doesn't work.
366
God, I don't understand why it's not working, and it's so frustrating.
367
And I wish I could understand why it doesn't want to work, because it looks like everything is fine.
368
I guess that means I gotta learn how to read diagrams now, these electrical diagrams as you see here.
369
Oh, it's gonna take so long.
370
All right, thank you so much for watching part one of this series.
371
I intend to have more videos where I go through the list of classes
372
that I want to take and other topics that I'm interested in studying.
373
If you are interested in getting earlier access to videos as well as bonus content, I did make a Patreon, so please support me on there if you want to.
374
No one's forcing you to do this, I'm just letting you know that it will really help me out a lot if you do so.
375
I'm already in the process of making a new video and so it's gonna come out at at some point, hopefully this year.
376
No, it's not gonna, it's gonna come out this year.
377
I just don't know how long it's gonna take me to edit that video.
378
All right, see ya.
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Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку
Этот урок разговорной практики построен на видео «Teaching Myself Electronics». В этом видео 378 предложений и 4626 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 24:04. Говорящий говорит быстро, около 192 слов в минуту, поэтому звуки часто сливаются и сокращаются. 82% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка; остальные стоит разобрать перед занятием.
Ключевая лексика этого видео
15 слов из видео, которые стоит выучить, с произношением и значением:
| Слово | Произношение | Значение |
|---|---|---|
| lesson существительное | /ˈlɛs.ən/ | уро́к, ле́кция |
| wire существительное | /ˈwaɪɚ/ | про́волока, про́вод |
| component существительное | /kəmˈpoʊ.nənt/ | компоне́нт, составна́я часть |
| circuit существительное | /ˈsɝ.kɪt/ | кругооборо́т, цикл |
| plug существительное | /plʌɡ/ | ште́псельная ви́лка, ште́псель |
| prototype существительное | /ˈpɹəʊtətaɪp/ | прототи́п, моде́ль |
| topic существительное | /ˈtɑpɪk/ | те́ма, предме́т |
| electronics существительное | /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɑ.nɪks/ | электро́ника |
| sensor существительное | /ˈsɛn.sɚ/ | се́нсор |
| diagram существительное | /ˈdaɪ.ə.ɡɹæm/ | план, диагра́мма |
| mechanical прилагательное | /məˈkænəkəl/ | механи́ческий |
| footage существительное | /ˈfʊtɪd͡ʒ/ | отсня́тый материа́л, фута́ж |
| pin существительное | /pɪn/ | була́вка, шпи́лька |
| breathe глагол | /bɹiːð/ | дыша́ть |
| semester существительное | /sɪˈmɛstɚ/ | семе́стр, полуго́дие |
Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите
| Слово | Произношение | Значение |
|---|---|---|
| end up глагол | зака́нчиваться, зако́нчиться | |
| turn out глагол | ока́зываться, оказа́ться | |
| come out глагол | /ˌkʌm ˈaʊt/ | выходи́ть, вы́йти |
| come up with глагол | придумывать, приходить в голову | |
| give off глагол | /ɡɪv ɒf/ | источать, испускать |
| heat up глагол | разогрева́ть, разогре́ть | |
| look over глагол | просма́тривать, просмотре́ть | |
| point out глагол | ука́зывать, указа́ть |
Фразы, которые стоит повторять
Короткие законченные фразы из видео, которые пригодятся в повседневном разговоре:
- I hope you understand where I'm getting at.
- It's only your invaluable life that is at stake.
- Is it just me or is she not being very nice?
- Am I looking very attractive right now?
- Am I giving off feminine energy?
Грамматика в этом видео
Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:
| Конструкция | В видео |
|---|---|
| Present Perfect Continuous have/has been + -ing — действие началось раньше и продолжается | i've been making · i've also been doing · i've been having |
| Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает | can be programmed · are labeled · was actually plugged |
| Придаточные определительные who / which + предложение — уточнение о человеке или предмете | someone who does · computers, which is · IDE, which is |
| Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчас | you've managed · have connected · you've seen |
Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание
Говорящий использует 134 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например I'm, don't, gonna. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.
- Звуки «th»: breathe /bɹiːð/, thick /θɪk/, bother /ˈbɑðɚ/
- Звуки «sh» и «zh»: rush /ɹʌʃ/, transition /tɹænˈzɪʃ.ən/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, delicious /dɪˈlɪ.ʃəs/, garage /ɡəˈɹɑʒ/
- Длинные слова — следите за ударением: electrical /ɪˈlɛktɹɪkəl/, electronics /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɑ.nɪks/, mechanical /məˈkænəkəl/, imaginary /ɪˈmæd͡ʒɪˌn(ɛ)ɹi/, complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/
Звуки, трудные для русскоязычных:
- /w/ — губы округлены, это не /v/: wire /ˈwaɪɚ/, acquire /əˈkwaɪɚ/, hardware /ˈhɑɹdˌwɛɹ/, requirement /ɹɪˈkwaɪɹmənt/
- /h/ — лёгкий выдох, а не русское «х»: hence /ˈhɛns/, hardware /ˈhɑɹdˌwɛɹ/, heck /hɛk/
- Звонкие согласные в конце слова — не оглушайте их: plug /plʌɡ/, footage /ˈfʊtɪd͡ʒ/, complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/, confused /kənˈfjuːzd/, impressive /ɪmˈpɹɛsɪv/
Как заниматься с этим видео
- Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
- Начните со скорости 0,75×, повторяйте предложение за предложением и вернитесь к обычной скорости, когда станет легко.
- Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как lesson, wire, component.
Что такое техника Shadowing?
Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.