Практика Shadowing: Why Does the Sky Turn Red at Sunset? - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео
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Have you ever looked outside just before the sun disappears and noticed the sky suddenly turning orange, red or even pink?
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It can look almost unreal, especially when the clouds catch the sunlight and seem to glow.
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But why does the sky change color at sunset when it looks blue for most of the day?
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The answer has to do with sunlight, Earth's atmosphere, and the way different colors of light travel through the air.
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And surprisingly, the beautiful red sunset we see is created by the same atmosphere that gives us our familiar blue daytime sky.
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So, today we'll uncover, why does the sky turn red at sunset?
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What exactly happens to sunlight as the sun moves toward the horizon?
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Let's take a closer look, right here, on History of Simple Things.
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To understand a sunset, we first need to understand sunlight.
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Although sunlight appears white to our eyes, it is actually made up of many different colors of visible light.
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You can think of sunlight as a mixture of red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet light.
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Each color has a different wavelength.
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Red light has a longer wavelength, while blue and violet light have much shorter wavelengths.
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When sunlight travels through space, these different colors generally move together.
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But once sunlight enters Earth's atmosphere, things become more interesting.
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The atmosphere contains countless tiny molecules, especially nitrogen and oxygen.
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When sunlight passes through these molecules, some of the light is scattered in different directions.
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And this scattering is the key to understanding both blue skies and red sunsets.
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During most of the day, sunlight reaches us after traveling through a relatively short path through the atmosphere.
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The shorter wavelengths, particularly blue and violet, are scattered much more strongly than the longer wavelengths, such as red and orange.
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This process is called Rayleigh scattering.
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So instead of all the sunlight traveling directly from the sun to our eyes, some of the blue light gets scattered across the sky.
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Our eyes are more sensitive to blue than violet, and some violet light is also absorbed or distributed differently in the atmosphere.
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As a result, the sky generally appears blue.
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This is why, when you look away from the sun on a clear day, you're not seeing empty blue space.
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You're seeing sunlight that has been scattered through the atmosphere.
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But as sunset approaches, the path sunlight takes through the atmosphere changes dramatically.
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As Earth rotates, the sun appears to move lower and lower toward the horizon.
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The important thing is that the sun isn't simply becoming weaker because it's farther away.
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Instead, sunlight has to travel through much more atmosphere before reaching your eyes.
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Imagine shining a flashlight through a short layer of fog.
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Most of the light can pass through fairly easily.
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Now, imagine sending that same flashlight through a much longer layer of fog.
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More of the light gets scattered or absorbed along the way.
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Something similar happens during sunset.
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When the sun is high overhead, its light takes a relatively short route through the atmosphere.
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But when the sun is near the horizon, its light travels through a much longer stretch of air.
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That longer journey changes which colors are most likely to reach your eyes directly.
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As sunlight travels through this much longer atmospheric path, the shorter blue and violet wavelengths encounter many more air molecules.
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Because they scatter so easily, much of that blue light is redirected away from the original path of the sunlight.
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What remains traveling more directly toward us contains proportionally more of the longer wavelengths.
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These include yellow, orange, and especially red light.
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That's why the setting sun can appear yellow, orange, or deep red, while the surrounding sky can take on warm colors.
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The atmosphere hasn't suddenly produced red light.
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The red light was already part of the sunlight.
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The atmosphere simply changes how much of each color reaches our eyes.
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In a way, a sunset is like a natural filter created by Earth's atmosphere.
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If red light is what survives the longest atmospheric journey, why don't sunsets always look completely red?
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That's because several colors can still reach our eyes depending on atmospheric conditions and the position of the sun.
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Orange and yellow wavelengths are longer than blue and scatter less easily, so they can continue traveling through the atmosphere atmosphere.
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This mixture can create the familiar golden and orange colors we often see before sunset.
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Sometimes the sky can even become pink, purple, or magenta.
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These colors can appear when different wavelengths of scattered and direct sunlight mix together,
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particularly when the atmosphere contains clouds or particles that scatter light in different ways.
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The exact colors depend on what is happening in the atmosphere at that particular moment.
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That's one reason every sunset can look slightly different.
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A sunset is a simple demonstration of how light interacts with Earth's atmosphere.
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During the day, blue light scatters strongly, giving us a blue sky.
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But as the sun approaches the horizon, its light travels through much more atmosphere.
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More blue light is scattered away while the longer red and orange wavelengths become more visible.
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Clouds, dust, and other particles can then add even more color, creating the beautiful sunsets we see.
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So, why does the sky turn red at sunset?
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It's because sunlight travels through much more atmosphere when the sun is near the horizon.
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The blue light gets scattered away, leaving more red, orange, and yellow light for us to see.
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So the next time you see a red sunset,
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remember, you're watching sunlight interact with Earth's atmosphere in a beautiful everyday display of science.
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experience.
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Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку
В этом видео 67 предложений и 937 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 7:45. Говорящий держит ровный темп — около 121 слов в минуту, удобный для шедоуинга. Только 78% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка, поэтому лексика сложная.
Ключевая лексика этого видео
15 менее частых слов из видео с произношением и значением:
- atmosphere /ˈætməsˌfɪɹ/ (существительное) — атмосфе́ра. The gases surrounding the Earth or any astronomical body.
- sunlight /ˈsʌnˌlaɪt/ (существительное) — со́лнечный свет. All the electromagnetic radiation given off by the Sun; especially, that in the visible spectrum and that bathes the Earth.
- sunset /ˈsʌnˌsɛt/ (существительное) — захо́д со́лнца, зака́т. The moment each evening when the sun disappears below the western horizon.
- violet /ˈvaɪ.ə.lət/ (существительное) — фиа́лка. A plant or flower of the genus Viola, especially the fragrant Viola odorata; (inexact) similar-looking plants and flowers.
- horizon /həˈɹaɪ.zən/ (существительное) — горизо́нт, небоскло́н. The visible horizontal line (in all directions) where the sky appears to meet the earth in the distance.
- cloud /ˈklaʊ̯d/ (существительное) — о́блако, ту́ча. A visible mass of water droplets suspended in the air.
- atmospheric /ˌætməsˈfɛɹɪk/ (прилагательное) — атмосфе́рный. Of, relating to, produced by, or coming from the atmosphere.
- molecule /ˈmɑ.lɪ.kjul/ (существительное) — моле́кула. The smallest particle of a specific element or compound that retains the chemical properties of that element or compound; two or more atoms held together by…
- strongly /ˈstɹɔŋli/ (наречие) — си́льно. In a strong or powerful manner.
- layer /ˈleɪ̯ɚ/ (существительное) — слой, пласт. A single thickness of some material covering a surface.
- visible /ˈvɪzɪb(ə)l/ (прилагательное) — ви́димый. Able to be seen.
- depend /dɪˈpɛnd/ (глагол) — зави́сеть. To be contingent or conditioned; to have something as a necessary condition
- mixture /ˈmɪkst͡ʃɚ/ (существительное) — сме́шивание. The act of mixing.
- interact /ɪn.təˈɹækt/ (глагол) — взаимоде́йствовать. To engage in communication and other shared activities (with someone).
- particle /ˈpɑɹtək(ə)l/ (существительное) — части́ца, крупи́ца. A very small piece of matter, a fragment; especially, the smallest possible part of something.
Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите
- take on (глагол) — принима́ть. To acquire, bring in, or introduce.
Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание
Говорящий использует 7 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например you're, don't, hasn't. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.
- Звуки «sh» и «zh»: shine /ʃaɪn/, demonstration /dɛmənˈstɹeɪʃən/, flashlight /ˈflæʃˌlaɪt/, proportionally /pɹəˈpɔɹʃənəli/
- Длинные слова — следите за ударением: atmospheric /ˌætməsˈfɛɹɪk/, differently /ˈdɪf.ə.ɹənt.li/, surprisingly /səˈpɹaɪzɪŋli/, demonstration /dɛmənˈstɹeɪʃən/, proportionally /pɹəˈpɔɹʃənəli/
Как заниматься с этим видео
- Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
- Повторяйте предложение за предложением на обычной скорости, пока ваш ритм не совпадёт с ритмом говорящего.
- Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как atmosphere, sunlight, sunset.
Что такое техника Shadowing?
Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.