ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: Cambridge 13 Listening Test 2 With Answers
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1
Test 2.
2
You will hear a number of different recordings and you will have to answer questions on what you hear.
3
There will be time for you to read the instructions and questions and you will have a chance to check your work.
4
All the recordings will be played once only.
5
The test is in four sections.
6
At the end of the test, you will be given 10 minutes to transfer your answers to an answer sheet.
7
Now turn to Section 1.
8
Section 1 You will hear a woman phoning the secretary of a cycling club to find out about becoming a member.
9
First, you have some time to look at questions 1 to 6.
10
You will see that there is an example that has been done for you.
11
On this occasion only, the conversation relating to this will be played first.
12
Hello, South City Cycling Club.
13
Oh, hi.
14
Um, I want to find out about joining the club.
15
Right, I can help you there.
16
I'm the club secretary and my name's Jim Hunter.
17
Oh, hi, Jim.
18
The club secretary's name is Jim Hunter, so Hunter has been written in the space.
19
Now we shall begin.
20
You should answer the questions as you listen because you will not hear the recording a second time.
21
Listen carefully and answer questions one to six.
22
Hello, South City Cycling Club.
23
Oh, hi.
24
Um, I want to find out about joining the club.
25
Right, I can help you there.
26
I'm the club secretary and my name's Jim Hunter.
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Oh, hi, Jim.
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So, are you interested in membership for yourself?
29
That's right.
30
OK, well there are basically two types of adult membership.
31
If you're pretty serious about cycling, there's the full membership.
32
That costs two hundred and sixty dollars, and that covers you not just for ordinary cycling,
33
but also for races both here in the city and also in other parts of Australia.
34
Right.
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Well, I'm not really up to that standard.
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I was more interested in just joining a group to do some cycling in my free time.
37
Sure, that's why most people join.
38
So in that case, you'd be better with the recreational membership.
39
That's $108 if you're over 19 and $95 if you're under.
40
I'm 25.
41
Okay.
42
It's paid quarterly and you can upgrade it later to the full membership if you want to, of course.
43
Now, both types of membership include the club fee of $20.
44
They also provide insurance in case you have an accident, though we hope you won't need that, of course.
45
No. OK, well, I'll go with the recreational membership, I think, and that allows me to join in the club activities and so on?
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That's right.
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And once you're a member of the club, you're also permitted to wear our kit when you're out cycling.
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It's green and white.
49
Yes, I've seen cyclists wearing it.
50
So can I buy that at the club?
51
No, it's made to order by a company in Brisbane.
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You can find them online.
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They're called Jerry's.
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That's J -E -R -R -I -Z.
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You can use your membership number to put in an order on their website.
56
OK.
57
Now can you tell me a bit about the rides I can do?
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Sure.
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So we have training rides pretty well every morning
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and they're a really good way of improving your cycling skills as well as your general level of fitness.
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But they're different levels.
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Level A is pretty fast.
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You're looking at about 30 or 35 kilometres an hour.
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If you can do about 25 kilometres an hour, you'd probably be level B.
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And then level C are the novices who stay at about 15 kilometres per hour.
66
Right.
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Well, I reckon I'd be level B.
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So when are the sessions for that level?
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There are a couple each week.
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They're both early morning sessions.
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There's one on Tuesdays.
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And for that one, you meet at 5 .30am.
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and the meeting points the stadium.
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Do you know where that is?
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Yes, it's quite near my home, in fact.
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OK, and how about the other one?
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That's on Thursdays.
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It starts at the same time, but they meet at the main gate to the park.
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Is that the one just past the shopping mall?
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That's it.
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Before you hear the rest of the conversation, you have some time to look at questions 7 to 10.
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Now listen and answer questions 7 to 10.
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So how long are the rides?
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They're about an hour and a half, so if you have a job it's easy to fit in before you go to work.
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And the members often go somewhere for coffee afterwards, so it's quite a social event.
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OK, that sounds good.
87
I've only just moved to the city so I don't actually know many people yet.
88
Well, it's a great way to meet people.
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And does each ride have a leader?
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Sometimes, but not always.
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But you don't really need one.
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The group members on the ride support one another anyway.
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How would we know where to go?
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If you check the club website, you'll see that the route for each ride is clearly marked.
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So you can just print that out and take it along with you.
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It's similar from one week to another, but it's not always exactly the same.
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And what do I need to bring?
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Well, bring a bottle of water and your phone.
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You shouldn't use it while you're cycling, but have it with you.
100
Right.
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And in winter, it's well before sunrise when we set out, so you need to make sure your bike's got lights.
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That's OK.
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Well, thanks, Jim.
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I'd definitely like to join.
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So what's the best way of going about it.
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That is the end of section one.
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You now have half a minute to check your answers.
108
Now turn to Section 2.
109
Section 2.
110
You will hear a manager in a company talking to employees about volunteering for charity work.
111
First, you have some time to look at questions 11 to 16.
112
Now listen carefully and answer questions 11 to 16.
113
Thanks for coming, everyone.
114
Okay, so this meeting is for new staff and staff who haven't been involved with our volunteering projects yet. So, basically,
115
the idea is
116
that we allow staff to give up some of their work
117
time to help on various charity projects to benefit the local community.
118
We've been doing this for the last five years, and it's been very successful.
119
Participating doesn't necessarily involve a huge time commitment.
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The company will pay for eight hours of your time.
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That can be used over one or two days all at once, or spread over several months throughout the year.
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There are some staff who enjoy volunteering so much, they also give up their own free time for a couple of hours every week.
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It's completely up to you.
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Obviously, many people will have family commitments and aren't as available as other members of staff.
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Feedback from staff has been overwhelmingly positive.
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Because they felt they were doing something really useful, nearly everyone agreed that volunteering made them feel more motivated at work.
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They also liked building relationships with the people in the local community and felt valued by them.
128
One or two people also said it was a good thing to have on their CVs.
129
One particularly successful project last year was the Get Working project.
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This was aimed at helping unemployed people in the area get back to work.
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Our staff were able to help them improve their telephone skills, such as writing down messages and speaking with confidence to potential customers,
132
which they had found quite difficult.
133
This is something many employers look for in job applicants, and something we all do without even thinking about every day at work.
134
We've got an exciting new project starting this year.
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Up until now, we've mainly focused on projects to do with education and training,
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and we'll continue with our reading project in schools and our work with local charities.
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But we've also agreed to help out on a conservation project in Redfern Park,
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so if any of you fancy being outside and getting your hands dirty, this is the project for you.
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I also wanted to mention the annual
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Digital Inclusion Day, which is coming up next month.
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The aim of this is to help older people keep up with technology, and this year, instead of hosting the event in our own training facility,
142
we're using the ICT suite at Hill College, as it can hold far more people.
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We've invited over 60 people from the Silver Age Community Center to take part, so we'll need a lot of volunteers to help with this event.
144
If you're interested in taking part, please go to the volunteering section of our website and complete the relevant form.
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We won't be providing any training for this, but you'll be paired with an experienced volunteer if you've never done it before.
146
By the way, don't forget to tell your manager about any volunteering activities you decide to do.
147
Before you hear the rest of the talk, you have some time to look at questions 17 to 20.
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Now listen and answer questions 17 to 20.
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The participants on the Digital Inclusion Day really benefited.
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The majority were in their 70s, though some were younger, and a few were even in their 90s.
151
Quite a few owned both a computer and a mobile phone, but these tended to be outdated models.
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They generally knew how to do simple things, like send texts, but weren't aware of recent developments in mobile phone technology.
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A few were keen to learn, but most were quite dismissive at first.
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They couldn't see the point of updating their skills.
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But that soon changed.
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The feedback was very positive.
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The really encouraging thing was
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that participants all said they felt much more confident about using social media to keep in touch with their grandchildren,
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who prefer this form of communication to phoning or sending emails.
160
A lot of them also said playing online games would help them make new friends and keep their brains active.
161
They weren't that impressed with being able to order their groceries online, as they liked going out to the shops,
162
but some said it would come in handy if they were ill or the weather was really bad.
163
One thing they asked about was using tablets for things like reading newspapers.
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Some people had been given tablets as presents, but had never used them.
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So that's something we'll make sure we include this time.
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That is the end of section 2.
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You now have half a minute to check your answers.
168
Now turn to Section 3.
169
Section 3.
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You will hear a student called Russ consulting his tutor about a presentation he is preparing on nanotechnology,
171
the study of materials on an extremely small scale.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 21 to 25.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 21 to 25.
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Come in, Russ.
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Thank you.
176
Now, you wanted to consult me about your class presentation on nanotechnology.
177
You were due to give it next week, aren't you?
178
That's right, and I'm really struggling.
179
I chose the topic because I didn't know much about it and wanted to learn more, but now I've read so much about it,
180
in a way there's too much to say.
181
I could talk for much longer than the 20 minutes I've been allocated.
182
Should I assume the other students don't know much and give them a kind of general introduction?
183
Or should I try and make them share my fascination with a particular aspect?
184
You could do either, but you'll need to have it clear in your own mind.
185
Then I think I'll give an overview.
186
OK.
187
Now, one way of approaching this is to work through developments in chronological order.
188
Uh -huh.
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On the other hand, you could talk about the numerous ways that nanotechnology is being applied.
190
You mean things like thin films on camera displays to make them water -repellent, and additives to make motorcycle helmets stronger and lighter?
191
Exactly.
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Or another way would be to focus on its impact in one particular area, say medicine or space exploration.
193
That would make it easier to focus.
194
Perhaps I should do that.
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I think that would be a good idea.
196
Right.
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How important is it to include slides in the presentation?
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They aren't essential by any means.
199
And there's a danger of tailoring what you say to fit whatever slides you can find.
200
While it can be good to include slides, you could end up spending too long looking for suitable ones.
201
You might find it better to leave them out.
202
I see.
203
Another thing I was wondering about was how to start.
204
I know presentations often begin with, first I'm going to talk about this, and then I'll talk about that.
205
But I thought about asking the audience what they know about nanotechnology.
206
That would be fine if you had an hour or two for the presentation,
207
but you might find that you can't do anything with the answers you get, and it simply eats into the short time that's available.
208
So maybe I should mention a particular way that nanotechnology is used to focus people's attention.
209
That sounds sensible.
210
What do you think I should do next?
211
I really have to plan the presentation today and tomorrow.
212
Well, initially I think you should ignore all the notes you've made,
213
take a small piece of paper and write a single short sentence that ties together the whole presentation.
214
It can be something as simple as, nanotechnology is already improving our lives.
215
Then start planning the content around that.
216
You can always modify that sentence later if you need to.
217
OK.
218
Before you hear the rest of the discussion, you have some time to look at questions 26 to 30.
219
Thank you.
220
OK, now let's think about actually giving the presentation.
221
You've only given one before, if I remember correctly, about an experiment you'd been involved in.
222
That's right.
223
It was pretty rubbish.
224
Let's say it was better in some respects than in others.
225
With regard to the structure, I felt that you ended rather abruptly, without rounding it off.
226
Be careful not to do that in next week's presentation.
227
Okay.
228
And you made very little eye contact with the audience because you were looking down at your notes most of the time.
229
You need to be looking at the audience and only occasionally glancing at your notes.
230
Your body language was a little odd.
231
Every time you showed a slide, you turned your back on the audience so you could look at it.
232
You should have been looking at your laptop.
233
And you kept scratching your head,
234
so I found myself wondering when you were next going to do that instead of listening to what you were saying.
235
Oh dear.
236
What did you think of the language?
237
I knew that not everyone was familiar with the subject, so I tried to make it as simple as I could.
238
Yes, that came across.
239
You used a few words that are specific to the field, but you always explained what they meant,
240
so the audience wouldn't have had any difficulty understanding.
241
Uh -huh.
242
I must say, the handouts you prepared were well thought out.
243
They were a good summary of your presentation, which people would have been able to refer to later on.
244
So well done on that.
245
Thank you.
246
Well, I hope that helps you with next week's presentation.
247
Yes, it will.
248
Thanks a lot.
249
I'll look forward to seeing a big improvement then.
250
That is the end of Section 3.
251
You now have half a minute to check your answers.
252
Now turn to Section 4.
253
Section 4 You will hear a lecturer in psychology talking about a type of memory.
254
First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
255
Thank you.
256
Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
257
Today we'll be continuing the series of lectures on memory by focusing on what is called episodic memory
258
and what can happen if this is not working properly.
259
Episodic memory refers to the memory of an event or episode.
260
Episodic memories allow us to mentally travel back in time to an event from the past.
261
Episodic memories include various details about these events,
262
for example, when an event happened and other information such as the location.
263
To help understand this concept, try to remember the last time you ate dinner at a restaurant.
264
The ability to remember where you ate,
265
who you were with and the items you ordered are all features of an episodic memory.
266
Episodic memory is distinct from another type of memory called semantic memory memory.
267
This is the type of factual memory that we have in common with everyone else.
268
That is your general knowledge of the world.
269
To build upon a previous example, remembering where you parked your car is an example of episodic memory.
270
But your understanding of what a car is and how an engine works are examples of semantic memory.
271
Unlike episodic memory, semantic memory isn't dependent on recalling personal experiences.
272
Episodic memory can be thought of as a process with several different steps of memory processing,
273
encoding, consolidation and retrieval.
274
The initial step is called encoding.
275
This involves the process of receiving and registering information which is necessary for creating memories of information or events that you experience.
276
The degree to
277
which you can successfully encode information depends on the level of attention you give to an event while it's actually happening.
278
Being distracted can make effective encoding very difficult.
279
Encoding of episodic memories is also influenced by how you process the event.
280
For example, if you were introduced to someone called Charlie,
281
you might make the connection that your uncle has the same name.
282
Future recollection of Charlie's name is much easier if you have a strategy to help you encode it.
283
Memory consolidation, the next step in forming an episodic memory,
284
is the process by which memories of encoded information are strengthened,
285
stabilized and stored to facilitate later retrieval.
286
Consolidation is most effective when the information being stored can be linked to an existing network of information.
287
Consolidation makes it possible for you to store memories for later retrieval indefinitely.
288
Forming strong memories depends on the frequency with which you try to retrieve them.
289
Memories can fade or become harder to retrieve if they aren't used very often.
290
The last step in forming episodic memories is called retrieval,
291
which is the conscious Recollection of encoded information.
292
Retrieving information from episodic memory depends upon semantic,
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olfactory, auditory and visual factors.
294
These help episodic memory retrieval by acting as a prompt.
295
For example, when recalling where you parked your car,
296
you may use the colour of a sign close to where you parked.
297
You actually have to mentally travel back to the moment you parked.
298
There are a wide range of neurological diseases and conditions that can affect episodic memory.
299
These range from Alzheimer's to schizophrenia to autism.
300
An impairment of episodic memory can have a profound effect on individuals' lives.
301
For example, the symptoms of schizophrenia can be reasonably well controlled by medication.
302
However, patients' episodic memory may still be impaired and so they are often unable to return to university or work.
303
Recent studies have shown that computer -assisted games designed to keep the brain active can help improve their episodic memory.
304
Episodic memories can help people connect with others,
305
for instance by sharing intimate details about their past,
306
something individuals with autism often have problems with.
307
This may be caused by an absence of a sense of self.
308
This is essential for the storage of episodic memory and has been found to be impaired in children with autism.
309
Research has shown that treatments that improve memory may also have a positive impact on children's social development.
310
One study looked at...
311
That is the end of Section 4.
312
You now have half a minute to check your answers.
313
That is the end of the listening test.
314
In the IELTS test, you would now have 10 minutes to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.
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คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้
บทเรียนฝึกพูดนี้ใช้วิดีโอ “Cambridge 13 Listening Test 2 With Answers” เป็นสื่อ คำที่ถูกพูดซ้ำบ่อยที่สุด: memory, episodic, answer, questions, section วิดีโอนี้มี 314 ประโยค และ 3342 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 32:13 ผู้พูดพูดช้า ประมาณ 104 คำต่อนาที จึงมีเวลาเลียนแบบทุกเสียง 86% ของคำอยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ ส่วนที่เหลือควรดูไว้ก่อนเริ่มฝึก
คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้
คำที่ควรเรียนรู้ 15 คำจากวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:
| คำศัพท์ | คำอ่าน | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|
| membership คำนาม | สมาชิกภาพ | |
| volunteer คำนาม | /ˌvɑlənˈtɪɹ/ | อาสาสมัคร |
| slide คำนาม | /ˈslaɪ̯d/ | กระดานลื่น |
| depend คำกริยา | /dɪˈpɛnd/ | พึ่ง |
| autism คำนาม | /ˈɔːtɪzəm/ | ความหมกหมุ่น |
| sheet คำนาม | /ʃit/ | แผ่น |
| consult คำกริยา | /ˈkɑnsʌlt/ | ปรึกษา, หารือ |
| participant คำนาม | /pɑːɹˈtɪsəpənt/ | ผู้เข้าร่วม |
| schizophrenia คำนาม | /ˌskɪtsəˈfɹiniə/ | โรคจิตเภท |
| topic คำนาม | /ˈtɑpɪk/ | หัวข้อ, กระทู้ |
| ignore คำกริยา | /ɪɡˈnɔː/ | เมิน |
| necessarily คำกริยาวิเศษณ์ | /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/ | ต้อง |
| gate คำนาม | /ˈɡeɪ̯t/ | ประตู |
| thin คำคุณศัพท์ | /ˈθɪn/ | บาง |
| encourage คำกริยา | /ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/ | ให้กำลังใจ, ส่งเสริม |
กริยาวลีที่คุณจะได้ยิน
| คำศัพท์ | ความหมาย |
|---|---|
| give up คำกริยา | ยอมแพ้ |
ประโยคที่ควรฝึกพูดซ้ำ
ประโยคสั้น ๆ ที่สมบูรณ์จากวิดีโอ ซึ่งนำไปใช้ในบทสนทนาประจำวันได้:
- Do you know where that is?
- How would we know where to go?
- You were due to give it next week, aren't you?
- What do you think I should do next?
- What did you think of the language?
ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้
โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:
| โครงสร้าง | ในวิดีโอ |
|---|---|
| ประโยคเงื่อนไข if + อนุประโยค, will/would + กริยา — เงื่อนไขและผลลัพธ์ | If you check the club website, you'll see |
| Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน | has been done · has been written · I've seen |
| Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ | will be played · will be given · has been done |
| Relative clauses who / which + อนุประโยค — ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับคนหรือสิ่งของ | Day, which is · information which is |
การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง
ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 69 ครั้ง เช่น you're, I'm, they're ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน
- เสียง “th”: thin /ˈθɪn/, strengthen /ˈstɹɛŋ(k)θən/
- เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: presentation /ˌpɹɛzn̩ˈteɪʃn̩/, consolidation /kənˌsɑləˈdeɪʃən/, sheet /ʃit/, occasionally /əˈkeɪʒənəli/, occasion /əˈkeɪ̯ʒən/
- คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: consolidation /kənˌsɑləˈdeɪʃən/, participant /pɑːɹˈtɪsəpənt/, schizophrenia /ˌskɪtsəˈfɹiniə/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, successfully /səkˈsɛs.fə.li/
เสียงที่คนไทยมักออกเสียงยาก:
- เสียงท้ายคำ — ออกเสียงให้ครบ ไม่เปลี่ยนเป็นตัวสะกดแบบไทย: retrieve /ɹɪˈtɹiːv/, recall /ɹɪˈkɔl/, involve /ɪnˈvɑlv/, encourage /ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/, afterwards /ˈæf.tɚ.wɚdz/
- /v/ — ไม่ใช่ /w/ ให้ฟันบนแตะริมฝีปากล่าง: volunteer /ˌvɑlənˈtɪɹ/, retrieve /ɹɪˈtɹiːv/, involve /ɪnˈvɑlv/, conservation /ˌkɑnsə(ɹ)ˈveɪʃən/, overview /ˈoʊ.vɚˌvjuː/
- /z/ — เสียงก้อง ไม่ใช่ /s/: presentation /ˌpɹɛzn̩ˈteɪʃn̩/, autism /ˈɔːtɪzəm/, afterwards /ˈæf.tɚ.wɚdz/, reasonably /ˈɹiː.zən.ə.bli/, sunrise /ˈsʌnɹaɪz/
วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้
- ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
- พูดตามทีละประโยคด้วยความเร็วปกติ ทำซ้ำแต่ละประโยคจนจังหวะของคุณตรงกับผู้พูด
- อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง membership, volunteer, slide เป็นพิเศษ
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ