ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: Cambridge 11 Listening test 1 Full clear Audio with answers | Full Screen HD | Comment your Score
กำลังสร้างบทเรียน...
1
You will hear a number of different recordings and you will have to answer questions on what you hear.
2
There will be time for you to read the instructions and questions and you will have a chance to check your work.
3
All the recordings will be played once only.
4
The test is in four sections.
5
At the end of the test, you will be given ten minutes to transfer your answers to an answer sheet.
6
Now turn to section one.
7
Section one.
8
You will hear a telephone conversation between an official at a village hall
9
and a woman who wants to hire a public room.
10
First, you have some time to look at questions 1 to 6.
11
You will see that there is an example that has been done for you.
12
On this occasion only, the conversation relating to this will be played first.
13
Hello.
14
Oh, hello.
15
I wanted to inquire about hiring a room in the village
16
hall for the evening of September the 1st. Let me just see.
17
Yes, we have both rooms available that evening.
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There's our main hall that's got seating for 200 people.
19
Or there's the Charlton room.
20
The main hall seats 200, so 200 has been written in the space.
21
Now we shall begin.
22
You should answer the questions as you listen because you will not hear the recording a second time.
23
Listen carefully and answer questions 1 to 6.
24
Hello?
25
Oh, hello.
26
I wanted to enquire about hiring a room in the village
27
hall for the evening of September the 1st. Let me just see...
28
Yes, we have both rooms available that evening.
29
There's our main hall that's got seating for two hundred people.
30
Or there's the Charlton room.
31
Sorry?
32
The Charlton Room.
33
C-H-A-R-L-T-O-N.
34
That's got seating for up to one hundred.
35
Well, we're organising a dinner to raise money for a charity, and we're hoping for at least a hundred and fifty people.
36
So, I think we'll go for the main hall.
37
How much would that cost?
38
Let's see.. you wanted it for the evening of September the 1st?
39
Yes, that's a Saturday.
40
So, from 6pm to midnight, that'd be £115.
41
That's the weekend price.
42
It's £75 on weekdays.
43
That's all right.
44
And I have to tell you there's also a deposit of £250, which is returnable, of course, as long as there's no damage.
45
But we do insist that this is paid in cash.
46
We don't take cards for that.
47
You can pay the actual rent of the room however you like, though.
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Cash, credit card, cheque.
49
Oh, well, I suppose that's OK.
50
So, does the charge include use of tables and chairs and so on?
51
Oh, yes.
52
And what about parking?
53
Yeah, that's all included.
54
The only thing that isn't included is, er, you said you were organising a dinner?
55
Yeah.
56
Well, you'll have to pay extra for the kitchen if you want to use that.
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It's £25.
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It's got very good facilities, good quality cookers and fridges and so on.
59
OK.
60
Well, I suppose that's all right.
61
We can cover the cost in our entry charges.
62
Right.
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So I'll make a note of that.
64
Now, there are just one or two things you need to think about before the event.
65
For example, you'll have to see about getting a licence if you're planning to have any music during the meal.
66
Oh, really?
67
It's quite straightforward.
68
I'll give you the details later on.
69
And about a week or ten days before your event, you'll need to contact the caretaker,
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that's Mr Evans, to make the arrangements for entry.
71
He'll sort that out with you.
72
And do I give him the payment as well?
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No, you do that directly with me.
74
Before you hear the rest of the conversation, you have some time to look at questions 7 to 10.
75
Now listen and answer questions seven to ten.
76
Right.
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Now, is there anything I need to know about what happens during the event?
78
Well, as you'll be aware, of course, the building is no smoking throughout. Of course.
79
Now, are you having a band?
80
Yes.
81
Well, they'll have a lot of equipment, so rather than using the front door, they should park their van round the back and use the stage door there.
82
You can open that from inside, but don't forget to lock it at the end.
83
OK.
84
And talking of bans, I'm sure I don't need to tell you this,
85
but you must make sure that no one fiddles about with the black box by the fire door.
86
That's a system that cuts in when the volume reaches a certain level.
87
It's a legal requirement.
88
Sure.
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Anyway, we want people to be able to talk to one another, so we don't want anything too loud.
90
Oh, that reminds me.
91
We'll be having speeches.
92
Are there any microphones available?
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Yep.
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Just let the caretaker know.
95
He'll get those for you.
96
Right.
97
Now, when the event is over, we do ask that the premises are left in good condition.
98
So there's a locked cupboard and you'll be informed of the code you need to open that.
99
It's got all the cleaning equipment, brushes and detergent and so on.
100
Right.
101
So what do we need to do after everyone's gone?
102
Sweep the floors, I suppose?
103
Well, actually they have to be washed, not just swept.
104
Then you'll be provided with black plastic bags, so all the rubbish must be collected up and left outside the door. Of course.
105
We'll make sure everything's left tidy.
106
Oh, and I forgot to ask, I presume we can have decorations in the room?
107
Yes, but you must take them down afterwards.
108
Sure.
109
And the chairs and tables should be stacked up neatly at the back of the room.
110
I'll make sure I've got a few people to help me.
111
That is the end of section one.
112
You now have half a minute to check your answers.
113
Now turn to section 2.
114
Section 2.
115
You will hear a guide talking to a group of visitors to a farm.
116
First, you have some time to look at questions 11 to 14.
117
Listen carefully and answer questions 11 to 14.
118
Welcome to the Fidi Working Heritage Farm.
119
This open-air museum gives you the experience of agriculture
120
and rural life in the English countryside at the end of the 19th century.
121
So you'll see a typical farm of that period, and like me, all the staff are dressed in clothes of that time.
122
I must give you some advice and safety tips before we go any further.
123
As it's a working farm, please don't frighten or injure the animals.
124
We have a lot here, and many of them are breeds that are now quite rare.
125
And do stay at a safe distance from the tools.
126
Some of them have sharp points which can be pretty dangerous, so please don't touch them.
127
We don't want any accidents, do we?
128
The ground is very uneven, and you might slip if you're wearing sandals, so I'm glad to see you're all wearing shoes.
129
We always advise people to do that.
130
Now children of all ages are very welcome here, and usually even very young children love the ducks and lambs,
131
so do bring them along next time you come.
132
I don't think any of you have brought dogs with you, but in case you have, I'm afraid they'll have to stay in the car park unless they're guide dogs.
133
I'm sure you'll understand that they could cause a lot of problems on a farm.
134
Before you hear the rest of the talk, you have some time to look at questions 15 to 20.
135
Now listen and answer questions 15 to 20.
136
Now let me give you some idea of the layout of the farm.
137
The building where you bought your tickets is the new barn immediately to your right, and we're now at the beginning of the main path to the farmland
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and of course the car park is on your left.
139
The scarecrow you can see in the car park in the
140
corner beside the main path is a traditional figure for keeping the birds away from crops
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but our scarecrow is a permanent sculpture.
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It's taller than a human being so you can see it from quite a distance.
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If you look ahead of you, you'll see a maze.
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It's opposite the new barn, beside the side path that branches off to the right, just over there.
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The maze is made out of hedges which are too tall for young children to see over them, but it's quite small so you can't get lost in it.
146
Now, can you see the bridge crossing the fish pool further up the main path?
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If you want to go to the café, go towards the bridge and turn right just before it.
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Walk along the side path and the café's on the first bend you come to.
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The building was originally the schoolhouse and it's well over a hundred years old.
150
As you may know, we run skills workshops here, where you can learn traditional crafts like woodwork and basket making.
151
You can see examples of the work and talk to someone about the courses in the black barn.
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If you take the side path to the right, here, just by the new barn, you'll come to the black barn, just where the path first bends.
153
Now, I mustn't forget to tell you about picnicking, as I can see some of you have brought your lunch with you.
154
You can picnic in the field, though do clear up behind you, of course.
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Or if you'd prefer a covered picnic area, there's one near the farmyard, just after you cross the bridge.
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There's a covered picnic spot on the right.
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And the last thing to mention is Fiddy House itself.
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From here you can cross the bridge, then walk along the footpath through the field to the left of the farmyard.
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That goes to the house, and it'll give you a lovely view of it.
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It's certainly worth a few photographs, but as it's a private home, I'm afraid you can't go inside.
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Right, well, if you're all ready, we'll set off on our tour of the farm.
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That is the end of Section 2.
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You now have half a minute to check your answers.
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Thank you.
165
Turn to section 3.
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Section 3.
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You will hear two psychology students called Lisa and Greg discussing a project they have to do.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 21 to 27.
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Thank you.
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OK, Greg.
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So, I finally managed to read the article you mentioned, the one about the study on gender in physics.
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Greg, about the study of college students done by Akira Miyake and his team.
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Yeah.
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I was interested that the researchers were actually a mix of psychologists and physicists.
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That's an unusual combination.
176
Yeah.
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I got a little confused at first about which students the study was based on.
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They weren't actually majoring in physics.
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They were majoring in what's known as the STEM disciplines.
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That's science, technology, engineering and... And math.
181
Yes, but they were all doing physics courses as part of their studies.
182
That's correct.
183
So, as I understood it, Miyake and co started from the fact that women are underrepresented in introductory physics courses at college,
184
and also that, on average, the women who do enrol on these courses perform more poorly than the men.
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No one really knows why this is the case.
186
Yeah, but what the researchers wanted to find out was basically what
187
they could do about the relatively low level of the women's results, but in order to find a solution, they needed to find out more about the nature of the problem.
188
Right.
189
Now, let's see if I can remember.
190
It was that in the physics class, the female students thought the male students all assumed that women weren't any good at physics.
191
Was that it?
192
And they thought that the men expected them to get poor results in their tests.
193
That's what the women thought, and that made them nervous, so they did get poor results.
194
But actually, they were wrong.
195
No one was making any assumptions about the female students at all.
196
Anyway, what Miyake's team did was quite simple, getting the students to do some writing before they went into the physics class.
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What did they call it?
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Values affirmation.
199
They had to write an essay focusing on things that were significant to them, not particularly to do with the subject they were studying,
200
but more general things like music or people who mattered to them.
201
Right.
202
So the idea of doing the writing is that this gets the students thinking in a positive way.
203
And putting these thoughts into words can relax them and help them overcome the psychological factors that lead to poor performance.
204
Yes, yeah.
205
But what the researchers in the study hadn't expected was
206
that this one activity raised the women's physics grades from the C to the B range.
207
A huge change.
208
Pity it wasn't to an A, but still.
209
No, but it does suggest that the women were seriously underperforming beforehand in comparison with the men.
210
Yes.
211
Mind you, Miyake's article left out a lot of details, like did the students do the writing just once or several times,
212
and had they been told why they were doing the writing, that might have affected the results.
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You mean, if they know the researchers thought it might help them to improve, then they just try to fulfil that expectation?
214
Exactly.
215
Before you hear the rest of the discussion, you have some time to look at questions 28 to 30.
216
Now listen and answer questions 28 to 30.
217
So anyway, I thought for our project we could do a similar study, but investigate whether it really was the writing activity that had that result.
218
OK.
219
So we could ask them to do a writing task about something completely different,
220
something more factual, like a general knowledge topic.
221
Maybe.
222
Or we could have half the students doing a writing task and half doing something else, like an oral task.
223
Or even half do the same writing task as in the original research and half do a factual writing task.
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Then we'd see if it really is the topic that made the difference or something else.
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That's it.
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Good.
227
So, at our meeting with the supervisor on Monday, we can tell him we've decided on our project.
228
We should have our aims ready by then.
229
I suppose we need to read the original study.
230
The article's just a summary.
231
And there was another article I read by Smolinski.
232
It was about her research on how women and men perform in mixed teams in class, compared with single-sex teams and on their own.
233
Let me guess, the women were better at teamwork.
234
That's what I expected.
235
But actually, the men and the women got the same results whether they were working in teams or on their own.
236
But I guess it's not that relevant to us.
237
What worries me anyway is how we're going to get everything done in the time.
238
We'll be OK now we know what we're doing.
239
Though I'm not clear how we assess whether the students in our experiment actually make any progress or not.
240
No, we may need some advice on that.
241
The main thing's to make sure we have the right size sample, not too big or too small.
242
That shouldn't be difficult.
243
Right, what do we need to do next?
244
We could have a look at the timetable for the science classes, or perhaps we should just make an appointment to see one of the science professors.
245
That'd be better.
246
Great.
247
And we could even get to observe one of the classes.
248
What for?
249
Well, OK, maybe let's just go with your idea.
250
Right, well, I think that's everything for now.
251
That is the end of Section 3.
252
You now have half a minute to check your answers.
253
Now turn to section 4.
254
Section 4.
255
You will hear part of a student presentation about the variety of different species that live in the world's oceans.
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They've been surveying.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
258
Thank you.
259
Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
260
I've been looking at ocean biodiversity, that's the diversity of species that live in the world's oceans.
261
About 20 years ago, biologists developed the idea of what they called biodiversity hotspots.
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These are the areas which have the greatest mixture of species, so one example is Madagascar.
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These hotspots are significant because they allow us to locate key areas for focusing efforts at conservation.
264
Biologists can identify hotspots on land fairly easily,
265
but until recently very little was known about species distribution and diversity in the oceans,
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and no one even knew if hotspots existed there.
267
Then a Canadian biologist called Boris Worm did some research in 2005 on data on ocean species
268
that he got from the fishing industry.
269
Worm located five hotspots for large ocean predators, like sharks, and looked at what they had in common.
270
The main thing he'd expected to find was that they had very high concentrations of food,
271
but to his surprise that was only true for four of the hotspots.
272
The remaining hotspot was quite badly off in that regard,
273
but what he did find was that in all cases the water at the surface of the ocean had relatively high temperatures,
274
even when it was cool at greater depths.
275
So this seemed to be a factor in supporting a diverse range of these large predators.
276
However, this wasn't enough on its own, because he also found that the water needed to have enough oxygen in it.
277
So these two factors seemed necessary to support the high metabolic rate of these large fish.
278
A couple of years later, in 2007, a researcher called Lisa Balance, who was working in California,
279
also started looking for ocean hotspots, but not for fish.
280
What she was interested in was marine mammals, things like seals.
281
And she found three places in the oceans which were hotspots,
282
and what these had in common was that these hotspots were all located at boundaries between ocean currents,
283
and this seems to be the sort of place that has lots of the plankton that some of these species feed on.
284
So now people who want to protect the species that are endangered need to get as much information as possible.
285
For example, there's an international project called the Census of Marine Life, oceans all over the world, including the Arctic.
286
One thing they found there which stunned other researchers was that there were large numbers of species which live below the ice,
287
sometimes under a layer up to 20 metres thick.
288
Some of these species had never been seen before.
289
They've even found species of octopus living in these conditions.
290
And other scientists working on the same project
291
but researching very different habitats on the ocean floor have found
292
large numbers of species congregating around volcanoes attracted to them by the warmth and nutrients there.
293
However, biologists still don't know how serious the threat to their survival is for each individual species.
294
So, a body called the Global Marine Species Assessment is now creating a list of endangered species on land,
295
so they consider things like the size of the population, how many members of one species there are in a particular place,
296
and then they look at their distribution in geographical terms, although this is quite difficult when you're looking at fish because they're so mobile.
297
and then thirdly they calculate the rate at which the decline of the species is happening.
298
So far only 1,500 species have been assessed, but they want to increase this figure to 20,000.
299
For each one they assess, they use the data they collect on that species to produce a map showing its distribution.
300
Ultimately, they will be able to use these to figure out not only where most species are located, but also where they are most threatened.
301
So finally, what can be done to retain the diversity of species in the world's oceans?
302
Firstly, we need to set up more reserves in our oceans, places where marine species are protected.
303
We have some, but not enough.
304
In addition, to preserve species such as leatherback turtles, which live out in the high seas but have their nesting sites on the American coast,
305
we need to create corridors for migration so they can get from one area to another safely.
306
As well as this, action needs to be taken to lower the levels of fishing quotas to prevent overfishing of endangered species.
307
And finally, there's the problem of bycatch.
308
This refers to the catching of unwanted fish by fishing boats.
309
They're returned to the sea, but they're often dead or dying.
310
If these commercial fishing boats used equipment which was more selective so that only the fish wanted for consumption were caught,
311
this problem could be overcome.
312
OK, so does anyone have any questions about...
313
That is the end of section 4.
314
You now have half a minute to check your answers.
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คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้
วิดีโอนี้มี 314 ประโยค และ 3522 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 31:42 ผู้พูดพูดด้วยความเร็วสม่ำเสมอ ประมาณ 111 คำต่อนาที เหมาะกับการฝึกพูดตาม 87% ของคำอยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ คำศัพท์จึงตามได้ง่าย
คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้
คำที่ควรเรียนรู้ 15 คำจากวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:
| คำศัพท์ | คำอ่าน | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|
| physics คำนาม | /ˈfɪz.ɪks/ | ฟิสิกส์ |
| researcher คำนาม | /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/ | นักวิจัย |
| barn คำนาม | [ˈbɑɹn] | ยุ้ง, โรงนา |
| hire คำกริยา | /ˈhaɪɹ/ | จ้าง |
| diversity คำนาม | /daɪˈvɜː(ɹ)sɪti/ | ความหลากหลาย |
| picnic คำนาม | /ˈpɪknɪk/ | ปิกนิก |
| topic คำนาม | /ˈtɑpɪk/ | หัวข้อ, กระทู้ |
| overcome คำกริยา | /ˌəʊ.vəˈkʌm/ | เอาชนะ |
| bend คำกริยา | /bɛnd/ | งอ |
| sweep คำกริยา | /swiːp/ | กวาด, ปัดถู |
| predator คำนาม | /ˈpɹɛd.ə.tɚ/ | นักล่า, ผู้ล่า |
| maze คำนาม | /ˈmeɪz/ | วงกต |
| meal คำนาม | /ˈmiːl/ | อาหาร, มื้อ |
| sharp คำคุณศัพท์ | /ʃɑɹp/ | คม, แหลม |
| confused คำคุณศัพท์ | /kənˈfjuːzd/ | สับสน |
ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้
โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:
| โครงสร้าง | ในวิดีโอ |
|---|---|
| Present perfect continuous have/has been + -ing — การกระทำที่เริ่มก่อนหน้านี้และยังดำเนินอยู่ | They've been surveying · I've been looking |
| ประโยคเงื่อนไข if + อนุประโยค, will/would + กริยา — เงื่อนไขและผลลัพธ์ | If you look ahead of you, you'll see · if you're all ready, we'll set |
| Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ | will be played · will be given · has been done |
| Relative clauses who / which + อนุประโยค — ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับคนหรือสิ่งของ | woman who wants · points which can · hedges which are |
การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง
ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 72 ครั้ง เช่น you'll, don't, I'm ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน
- เสียง “th”: thick /θɪk/, mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, threaten /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/, warmth /wɔɹmθ/, footpath /ˈfʊtˌpæθ/
- เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: sharp /ʃɑɹp/, wash /wɑʃ/, unusual /ʌnˈjuːʒ(u)əl/, sheet /ʃit/, occasion /əˈkeɪ̯ʒən/
- คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: diversity /daɪˈvɜː(ɹ)sɪti/, unusual /ʌnˈjuːʒ(u)əl/, experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, agriculture /ˈæɡ.ɹɪˌkʌl.t͡ʃɚ/, conservation /ˌkɑnsə(ɹ)ˈveɪʃən/
วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้
- ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
- พูดตามทีละประโยคด้วยความเร็วปกติ ทำซ้ำแต่ละประโยคจนจังหวะของคุณตรงกับผู้พูด
- อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง physics, researcher, barn เป็นพิเศษ
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ