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1
Part 1.
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You will hear a woman asking a friend for restaurant recommendations.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 1 to 4.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions one to four.
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I've been meaning to ask you for some advice about restaurants.
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I need to book somewhere to celebrate my sister's 30th birthday, and I liked the sound of that place you went to for your mum's 50th.
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The junction.
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Yeah, I'd definitely recommend that for a special occasion.
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We had a great time there.
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Everyone really enjoyed it.
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Where is it again?
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I can't remember.
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It's on Grayson Street, only about a two-minute walk from the station.
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Oh, that's good.
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I'd prefer not to have to drive anywhere.
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But I don't want to have to walk too far either.
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Yes, the location's perfect, but that's not necessarily why I'd recommend it.
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The food's amazing.
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If you like fish, it's probably the best restaurant in town for that.
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It's always really fresh, and there are lots of interesting dishes to choose from.
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But all the food is good there.
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Is it really expensive?
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It's certainly not cheap, but for a special occasion, I think it's fine.
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It's got a great atmosphere, and before dinner you can go up on the roof and have a drink.
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It's really nice up there, but you need to book.
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It's very popular, as the views are spectacular.
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Hmm, sounds good.
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So that's definitely a possibility then.
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Is there anywhere else you can think of?
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Um, if you want somewhere a bit less formal, then you could try Paloma.
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Where's that?
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I haven't heard of it.
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No, it's quite new.
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It's only been open a few months, but it's got a great reputation already.
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It's in a really beautiful old building on Bow Street.
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Oh, I think I know where you mean.
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Right beside the cinema.
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Yes, that's it.
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I've only been there a couple of times, but I was really impressed.
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The chef used to work at Don Felipe's, apparently.
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I was really sorry when that closed down.
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So is all the food they serve Spanish, then?
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Yeah.
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You can get lots of small dishes to share, which always works really well if you're in a group.
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Hmm.
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Worth thinking about.
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Yeah.
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There's a lively atmosphere, and the waiters are really friendly.
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The only thing is that you need to pay a £50 deposit to book a table.
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A lot of restaurants are doing that these days.
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I should have a look at the menu to check there's a good choice of vegetarian dishes.
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A couple of my friends have stopped eating meat.
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Not sure.
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I'd say the selection of those would be quite limited.
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Before you hear the rest of the conversation, you have some time to look at questions 5 to 10.
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Thank you.
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I've just thought of another idea.
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Have you been to the Audley?
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No, don't think I've heard of it.
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How's it spelt?
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A-U-D-L-E-Y.
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You must have heard of it.
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There's been a lot about it in the press.
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I don't tend to pay much attention to that kind of thing.
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So where is it exactly?
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It's in that hotel near Baxter Bridge, on the top floor.
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Oh, the views would be incredible from up there.
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Yeah, I'd love to go.
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I can't think of the chef's name, but she was a judge on that TV cookery show recently, and she's written a couple of cookery books.
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Oh, Angela Frayne.
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That's the one.
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Anyway, it's had excellent reviews from all the newspapers.
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That would be a memorable place for a celebration.
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Definitely.
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Obviously it's worth going there just for the view, but the food is supposed to be really special.
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She only likes cooking with local products, doesn't she?
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Yes.
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Everything at the restaurant has to be sourced within a short distance, and absolutely nothing flown in from abroad.
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I imagine it's really expensive, though.
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Well, you could go for the set lunch.
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That's quite reasonable for a top-class restaurant.
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Thirty pounds a head.
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In the evening, I think it'd be more like fifty pounds.
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At least that, I should think.
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But I'm sure everyone would enjoy it.
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It's not the kind of place you leave feeling hungry, though, is it?
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With tiny portions.
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No, the reviews I've read didn't mention that.
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I imagine they'd be average.
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Well, that's all great.
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Part 2 You will hear a potter, Heather McCallum, speaking to a group of people who are visiting a pottery,
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a place where people make pots and other objects from clay.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 11 to 16.
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Now listen.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 11 to 16.
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Hello and welcome.
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My name's Heather McCallum and I'm one of the potters who work here at Edelman Pottery.
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Before we go into the workshop, I just want to say a bit about the craft of pottery.
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Then we'll have a look at the equipment and you can try making a pot of your own.
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Like many people, I'm sure you know that pottery as an art form is tens of thousands of years old.
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And we know this because it stands the test of time.
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Things like baskets and pictures don't survive in the earth in the same way that pots do.
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And even if ancient pots are found in small pieces, they still provide a lot of information about the past.
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There's no doubt that pottery has given archaeologists a fascinating insight into how ancient humans lived.
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The shape of an artefact may have been lost, but archaeologists can tell whether the pots were for,
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say, storage or cooking by examining the impressions on the clay, the scratches from tools.
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And the clay itself can reveal where the pots came from.
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When I ask people why they want to take a pottery class with me, they sometimes talk about these things.
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Like our ancestors, they hope that something they create will also last longer than they do.
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That their work, whether it is good or not, might say something about humanity many years after their death.
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Of course, you will all have your own reasons for coming here.
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As far as I'm concerned, what I love most is the concentration you need to make a good pot.
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That focus takes you away from the stresses of everyday life.
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If you're elderly, it's also good exercise for hands and wrists and helps with arthritis.
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And of course, it's a fun activity for children because it's so messy.
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Here at Edelman Pottery, we show you some of the basic pottery techniques
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so that you can use these to create whatever you wish.
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A gift for a friend, perhaps.
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Like nearly everyone who comes here, I'm sure this is the first time you will have tried the art.
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So we'll keep things simple today.
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Now, before we move on, can I just say a word about what you're wearing?
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As we said in our email, please remove any watches, necklaces, etc. and put them somewhere safe.
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If you have long hair, do tie it back now.
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We'll provide aprons later, but I trust your clothes are old but comfortable, not your favourite T-shirt or jeans.
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Before you hear the rest of the talk, you have some time to look at questions 17 to 20.
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Now listen and answer questions 17 to 20.
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So now we're in the workshop.
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Have a look around.
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There's a lot going on.
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To make pottery that will last, you need a potter's wheel,
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a kiln, which is basically a very hot oven where you fire the pottery, and some tools. So first, the kiln.
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If you look over in the far corner, you'll see one of ours.
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Since their invention, kilns have changed very little, though in the past 20 years, a lot of progress has been made in temperature control.
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Basically, a kiln removes the water from clay at temperatures of around 1000 degrees Celsius.
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This allows anything you've made to set permanently in shape.
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It's a pretty ugly heavy object that's hard to keep in a house or flat, so most people don't have one.
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You may think, can't I use my oven?
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Well that's possible, but domestic ovens don't really get hot enough and eventually the clay will crack and fall apart.
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Some people fire pottery in a fire pit outside, but bear in mind that can be dangerous.
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You also need to know about safety procedures for kilns as they release toxic compounds into the air.
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Every potter needs a potter's wheel.
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This machine is used to shape the clay into an object with circular walls or sides, such as a bowl.
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Its invention revolutionised the pottery industry, allowing multiple items to be produced in a day.
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Lastly, there are a number of different tools that potters use, depending on what they want to make.
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When you start, your hands can make all kinds of shapes and curves without relying on a sculpting tool.
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However, there are some basic tools that you will need to handle the clay on the wheel.
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Some that look very strange and have even odder names that you may find hard to remember.
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Rather than go through them all now, I'll just name a few tools as we go along.
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We can provide these and I wouldn't recommend spending money on them yet.
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So, let's try making a pot of your own.
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If you sit down...
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That is the end of part two.
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You now have 30 seconds to check your answers to part two.
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Part 3 You will hear two sociology students,
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called Tamara and Dev, discussing their research for a presentation on loneliness.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 21 to 26.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 21 to 26.
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Shall we go through the notes we've made from our research into loneliness now, Dev?
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OK, Tamara.
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It's been a real eye-opener.
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I had no idea that loneliness has been increasing steadily for the last 20 years.
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I know.
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And it's the same all over the world.
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The downside of a modern lifestyle, I guess.
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Did you come to any conclusions about what the reasons for the increase are?
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Well, I'd assumed it was mainly an issue for the elderly.
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But in fact, it's something which affects young people just as much.
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So nothing really to do with longer lifespans.
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What about social media?
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In my case, far from making me feel isolated, it actually does the opposite.
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It definitely does more good than harm.
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I'd say loneliness has a lot to do with the way cities are designed.
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People living in high-rise flats with not much opportunity to speak to their neighbours.
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I think you're right.
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Another possible reason is that people are having fewer children and don't live in large extended family groups.
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But in this country, anyway, that all changed decades ago.
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And yet loneliness is a more recent problem.
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I suppose so.
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A more plausible explanation is that people are having to move around for work
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and often end up living miles away from their family and friends.
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That's true.
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Looking at the studies on health risks and loneliness, there are claims that loneliness has as much impact as smoking 15 cigarettes a day.
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Or similar to the risks caused by obesity.
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But I'm not sure there's enough evidence for some of these claims.
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Well, what about that one in Finland, which showed that loneliness increased the risk of cancer by about 10%?
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And those findings have been supported by other studies too.
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You're right about that one.
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I was actually thinking of the studies on dementia.
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Some found no association between loneliness and dementia, and others found the opposite.
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Not exactly reliable then.
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There's been a lot of research on cardiovascular disease, and whether loneliness contributes to that.
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Yes, I read that it was hard to reach judgment, as the definition of loneliness varied quite a lot,
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and the responses from participants were too subjective.
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But there's no doubt that loneliness contributes to a weakened immune system.
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Unquestionably.
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The data on that is sound.
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What did you think about the evolutionary theory of loneliness?
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Well, I thought the idea that loneliness evolved because it motivated people to be with other people quite convincing.
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Survival often depended on group cooperation.
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But I don't think there's enough evidence to claim
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that there must be a group of neurons in our brains
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which influence social behaviour by making us feel bad when we're alone.
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There are a few studies which support the theory, but not conclusively enough.
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More evidence is needed.
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And anyway, this theory's not really useful when it comes to solving the problem of loneliness today.
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True.
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Before you hear the rest of the discussion, you have some time to look at questions 27 to 30.
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Now listen and answer questions 27 to 30.
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Should we look at the relationship between loneliness and mental health now?
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OK.
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So, loneliness and depression are clearly related, and that's been recognised by various governments around the world.
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But unlike depression, loneliness has no recognised clinical form.
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There's no available diagnosis or effective treatment, and that's not likely to change.
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I don't think so either.
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I was thinking we should start our presentation with an example from our own experience.
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I'd like to talk about how lonely I was when I started university, being away from home for the first time and all that.
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Good idea.
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Everyone will be able to relate to that, although a lot of students were probably too embarrassed to admit to it.
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Yeah.
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We could discuss ways of dealing with loneliness as well, like just talking to strangers.
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Loads of studies have shown that interactions with shop assistants and bar staff make people feel more optimistic and relaxed.
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I don't know about that, but it must make people feel more connected with their community.
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True, although you need to be a certain kind of person to be able to just strike up a conversation.
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Good point.
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We should say something about solitude and how being alone and being lonely aren't the same thing.
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It's strange the way some people can't stand being by themselves while others love it.
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Yeah, the research shows a certain amount of solitude is beneficial for well-being, which I appreciate.
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But being alone isn't something I actually like.
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I'd never choose to go on holiday alone, for example.
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Me neither.
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Well, let's not...
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That is the end of part three.
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You now have 30 seconds to check your answers to part three.
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Part 4
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You will hear part of a presentation by an urban planning student about the role of rivers in cities around the world.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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It's quite hard to think of a city that doesn't have a big river running through it.
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If you think about the major cities in the world, Shanghai, New York, Mumbai, London, they're nearly all built on rivers.
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When these cities were established hundreds or even thousands of years ago, the rivers were a big part of people's lives.
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In sixteenth-century London, the quickest way to get from one part of the city to another was by river.
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But people also used the river for fishing, as the water then was relatively clean,
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and they would also go on boat trips up and down the river just for pleasure, as a relaxing escape from the noise and bustle of the city streets.
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But as industries developed and populations increased, city rivers suffered.
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The rising number of people meant there was a huge increase in the amount of sewage discharged into the rivers.
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Rivers had always been used for this purpose, but when the number of inhabitants was so small, that wasn't such a problem.
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However, as cities grew to over a million inhabitants, the impact on the rivers became more serious.
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In addition, other types of pollution increased as factories were built beside the river and discharged their waste materials into the water.
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This got worse over time.
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As recently as 1957, scientists at London's Natural History Museum declared that the River Thames was dead in biological terms,
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as the water was too filthy to support any kind of life.
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But in recent years, as rivers lost their industrial function,
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cities have begun to recognize their true value and to take steps to clean them up.
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For example, the River Thames is now cleaner than it's been for 150 years.
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These days, you can see seals swimming in the water, and recently people had to try to rescue a whale
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which had got lost and swam up the river from the sea by mistake.
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Unfortunately, they didn't succeed, but the problem was disorientation rather than the quality of the water.
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Then, all around the world, riverside areas are now seen as prime sites for development.
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Warehouses that were once used for storing goods are now being converted into expensive restaurants and also into apartments with river views,
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which are in great demand and sell for astronomical prices.
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In Los Angeles, on the west coast of the USA, an architect has plans to revitalise the banks of the river and to make a park there,
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which can provide facilities for sports as well as a natural environment for relaxing in.
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It's also hoped that the riverside can be used for other purposes.
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It's been proposed that facilities could be provided for displaying projects related to various kinds of art
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that have been produced by local people, for example.
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In the city of Paris, during the summer months of July and August, all the traffic is banned from the roads by the sides of the river,
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and the banks are transformed into beaches, where people can relax in deck chairs under potted palm trees,
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sunbathe, or buy a drink or a snack while enjoying the view.
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But to make the most of our rivers in our increasingly crowded cities, we need to allow them to regain their original purpose and be used as a means of transport,
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reclaiming our streets from cars and lorries.
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To do this, we'll have to shift more traffic back to the river, but this time cleanly and silently,
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making the most of modern technology.
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Already, more than two billion passengers use the ferry to travel in cities around the world, like Istanbul, San Francisco, and New York,
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and these numbers are set to rise further.
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Admittedly, it's not a fast way of traveling, but neither is a car when it's stuck in traffic.
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Of course, passenger traffic on roads might decrease as more people start working from home, but another recent development, the huge rise in online shopping,
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has meant that another form of urban traffic just keeps on growing, and that's deliveries.
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Trucks and vans in the city pollute and double park while dropping off parcels.
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Imagine using the immense capacity of shipping to take these trucks off the road.
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One freight barge can replace 44 large trucks, uses far less energy, and causes less pollution.
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When the barge docks at the riverside, the parcels could be taken the last few kilometres to their final destination on cargo bikes,
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electric ones of course.
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This is already happening in the Dutch city of Amsterdam, and in future, the final stage could even be carried out by drone,
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although at present this isn't allowed.
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Wouldn't it be great to unblock our city centres in this way?
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Looking further ahead...
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That is the end of Part 4.
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You now have one minute to check your answers to Part 4.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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ความประทับใจแรก
วิดีโอนี้เป็นตัวอย่างที่ยอดเยี่ยมสำหรับการฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษ เนื่องจากมีบทสนทนาที่เป็นธรรมชาติและมีเนื้อหาที่เกี่ยวข้องกับการใช้ชีวิตประจำวัน เช่น การแนะนำร้านอาหาร นอกจากนี้ยังมีรายละเอียดเกี่ยวกับบรรยากาศและช่วงเวลาในการดื่มด่ำกับอาหาร ทำให้ผู้เรียนสามารถเห็นภาพของการสื่อสารอย่างมีประสิทธิภาพในสถานการณ์ที่เป็นจริง
วิเคราะห์ประโยค
ในบทสนทนานี้ มีหลายประโยคที่ฟังดูเป็นธรรมชาติ โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่ง:
- “I've been meaning to ask you for some advice about restaurants.” - ประโยคนี้ใช้โครงสร้างที่สะท้อนถึงความตั้งใจที่จะถามคำถาม ทำให้ผู้ฟังรู้สึกถึงความจริงใจ
- “It's always really fresh, and there are lots of interesting dishes to choose from.” - การใช้คำว่า “really” และ “lots of” สื่อถึงความชัดเจนและความเชื่อมั่นในข้อมูล
- “Yeah, you can get lots of small dishes to share, which always works really well if you're in a group.” - การใช้ “which always works really well” เป็นการให้คำแนะนำที่มีความมั่นใจ ทำให้ผู้ฟังรู้สึกว่าสามารถนำไปใช้ได้จริง
การวิเคราะห์ประโยคเหล่านี้จะช่วยให้ผู้เรียนเข้าใจถึงความสำคัญของการเลือกใช้คำและโครงสร้างประโยคในการสื่อสารอย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ
กิจวัตรการฝึกซ้อม
เพื่อปรับปรุงการออกเสียงภาษาอังกฤษและพัฒนาทักษะการพูดของคุณ สามารถทำตามขั้นตอนง่าย ๆ ดังนี้:
- ฟังบทสนทนาในวิดีโออย่างตั้งใจ และสังเกตการใช้คำและสำนวนที่น่าสนใจ
- เลือกประโยคที่คุณชอบและลองพูดตาม หรือใช้เทคนิค shadowing โดยการพูดตามเสียงในวิดีโอทันที
- บันทึกเสียงของคุณขณะฝึก และฟังกลับเพื่อประเมินการออกเสียงและจังหวะ
- ทำซ้ำขั้นตอนนี้บ่อย ๆ เพื่อให้เกิดความชำนาญและมั่นใจในการพูด
ด้วยการฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษจากวิดีโอเช่นนี้ คุณจะสามารถปรับปรุงการออกเสียงภาษาอังกฤษได้อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ และเพิ่มความมั่นใจในทักษะการพูดของคุณ
ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้
โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:
| โครงสร้าง | ในวิดีโอ |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน | haven't heard · It's only been · I've only been |
| Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ | be sourced · are found · have been lost |
| Relative clauses who / which + อนุประโยค — ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับคนหรือสิ่งของ | people who are · everyone who comes · kiln, which is |
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ