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Part 1.

You will hear a woman asking a friend for restaurant recommendations.

First, you have some time to look at questions 1 to 4.

Now listen carefully and answer questions one to four.

I've been meaning to ask you for some advice about restaurants.

I need to book somewhere to celebrate my sister's 30th birthday, and I liked the sound of that place you went to for your mum's 50th.

The junction.

Yeah, I'd definitely recommend that for a special occasion.

We had a great time there.

Everyone really enjoyed it.

Where is it again?

I can't remember.

It's on Grayson Street, only about a two-minute walk from the station.

Oh, that's good.

I'd prefer not to have to drive anywhere.

But I don't want to have to walk too far either.

Yes, the location's perfect, but that's not necessarily why I'd recommend it.

The food's amazing.

If you like fish, it's probably the best restaurant in town for that.

It's always really fresh, and there are lots of interesting dishes to choose from.

But all the food is good there.

Is it really expensive?

It's certainly not cheap, but for a special occasion, I think it's fine.

It's got a great atmosphere, and before dinner you can go up on the roof and have a drink.

It's really nice up there, but you need to book.

It's very popular, as the views are spectacular.

Hmm, sounds good.

So that's definitely a possibility then.

Is there anywhere else you can think of?

Um, if you want somewhere a bit less formal, then you could try Paloma.

Where's that?

I haven't heard of it.

No, it's quite new.

It's only been open a few months, but it's got a great reputation already.

It's in a really beautiful old building on Bow Street.

Oh, I think I know where you mean.

Right beside the cinema.

Yes, that's it.

I've only been there a couple of times, but I was really impressed.

The chef used to work at Don Felipe's, apparently.

I was really sorry when that closed down.

So is all the food they serve Spanish, then?

Yeah.

You can get lots of small dishes to share, which always works really well if you're in a group.

Hmm.

Worth thinking about.

Yeah.

There's a lively atmosphere, and the waiters are really friendly.

The only thing is that you need to pay a £50 deposit to book a table.

A lot of restaurants are doing that these days.

I should have a look at the menu to check there's a good choice of vegetarian dishes.

A couple of my friends have stopped eating meat.

Not sure.

I'd say the selection of those would be quite limited.

Before you hear the rest of the conversation, you have some time to look at questions 5 to 10.

Thank you.

I've just thought of another idea.

Have you been to the Audley?

No, don't think I've heard of it.

How's it spelt?

A-U-D-L-E-Y.

You must have heard of it.

There's been a lot about it in the press.

I don't tend to pay much attention to that kind of thing.

So where is it exactly?

It's in that hotel near Baxter Bridge, on the top floor.

Oh, the views would be incredible from up there.

Yeah, I'd love to go.

I can't think of the chef's name, but she was a judge on that TV cookery show recently, and she's written a couple of cookery books.

Oh, Angela Frayne.

That's the one.

Anyway, it's had excellent reviews from all the newspapers.

That would be a memorable place for a celebration.

Definitely.

Obviously it's worth going there just for the view, but the food is supposed to be really special.

She only likes cooking with local products, doesn't she?

Yes.

Everything at the restaurant has to be sourced within a short distance, and absolutely nothing flown in from abroad.

I imagine it's really expensive, though.

Well, you could go for the set lunch.

That's quite reasonable for a top-class restaurant.

Thirty pounds a head.

In the evening, I think it'd be more like fifty pounds.

At least that, I should think.

But I'm sure everyone would enjoy it.

It's not the kind of place you leave feeling hungry, though, is it?

With tiny portions.

No, the reviews I've read didn't mention that.

I imagine they'd be average.

Well, that's all great.

Part 2 You will hear a potter, Heather McCallum, speaking to a group of people who are visiting a pottery,

a place where people make pots and other objects from clay.

First, you have some time to look at questions 11 to 16.

Now listen.

Now listen carefully and answer questions 11 to 16.

Hello and welcome.

My name's Heather McCallum and I'm one of the potters who work here at Edelman Pottery.

Before we go into the workshop, I just want to say a bit about the craft of pottery.

Then we'll have a look at the equipment and you can try making a pot of your own.

100

Like many people, I'm sure you know that pottery as an art form is tens of thousands of years old.

101

And we know this because it stands the test of time.

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Things like baskets and pictures don't survive in the earth in the same way that pots do.

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And even if ancient pots are found in small pieces, they still provide a lot of information about the past.

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There's no doubt that pottery has given archaeologists a fascinating insight into how ancient humans lived.

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The shape of an artefact may have been lost, but archaeologists can tell whether the pots were for,

106

say, storage or cooking by examining the impressions on the clay, the scratches from tools.

107

And the clay itself can reveal where the pots came from.

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When I ask people why they want to take a pottery class with me, they sometimes talk about these things.

109

Like our ancestors, they hope that something they create will also last longer than they do.

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That their work, whether it is good or not, might say something about humanity many years after their death.

111

Of course, you will all have your own reasons for coming here.

112

As far as I'm concerned, what I love most is the concentration you need to make a good pot.

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That focus takes you away from the stresses of everyday life.

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If you're elderly, it's also good exercise for hands and wrists and helps with arthritis.

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And of course, it's a fun activity for children because it's so messy.

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Here at Edelman Pottery, we show you some of the basic pottery techniques

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so that you can use these to create whatever you wish.

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A gift for a friend, perhaps.

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Like nearly everyone who comes here, I'm sure this is the first time you will have tried the art.

120

So we'll keep things simple today.

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Now, before we move on, can I just say a word about what you're wearing?

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As we said in our email, please remove any watches, necklaces, etc. and put them somewhere safe.

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If you have long hair, do tie it back now.

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We'll provide aprons later, but I trust your clothes are old but comfortable, not your favourite T-shirt or jeans.

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Before you hear the rest of the talk, you have some time to look at questions 17 to 20.

126

Now listen and answer questions 17 to 20.

127

So now we're in the workshop.

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Have a look around.

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There's a lot going on.

130

To make pottery that will last, you need a potter's wheel,

131

a kiln, which is basically a very hot oven where you fire the pottery, and some tools. So first, the kiln.

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If you look over in the far corner, you'll see one of ours.

133

Since their invention, kilns have changed very little, though in the past 20 years, a lot of progress has been made in temperature control.

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Basically, a kiln removes the water from clay at temperatures of around 1000 degrees Celsius.

135

This allows anything you've made to set permanently in shape.

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It's a pretty ugly heavy object that's hard to keep in a house or flat, so most people don't have one.

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You may think, can't I use my oven?

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Well that's possible, but domestic ovens don't really get hot enough and eventually the clay will crack and fall apart.

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Some people fire pottery in a fire pit outside, but bear in mind that can be dangerous.

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You also need to know about safety procedures for kilns as they release toxic compounds into the air.

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Every potter needs a potter's wheel.

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This machine is used to shape the clay into an object with circular walls or sides, such as a bowl.

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Its invention revolutionised the pottery industry, allowing multiple items to be produced in a day.

144

Lastly, there are a number of different tools that potters use, depending on what they want to make.

145

When you start, your hands can make all kinds of shapes and curves without relying on a sculpting tool.

146

However, there are some basic tools that you will need to handle the clay on the wheel.

147

Some that look very strange and have even odder names that you may find hard to remember.

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Rather than go through them all now, I'll just name a few tools as we go along.

149

We can provide these and I wouldn't recommend spending money on them yet.

150

So, let's try making a pot of your own.

151

If you sit down...

152

That is the end of part two.

153

You now have 30 seconds to check your answers to part two.

154

Part 3 You will hear two sociology students,

155

called Tamara and Dev, discussing their research for a presentation on loneliness.

156

First, you have some time to look at questions 21 to 26.

157

Now listen carefully and answer questions 21 to 26.

158

Shall we go through the notes we've made from our research into loneliness now, Dev?

159

OK, Tamara.

160

It's been a real eye-opener.

161

I had no idea that loneliness has been increasing steadily for the last 20 years.

162

I know.

163

And it's the same all over the world.

164

The downside of a modern lifestyle, I guess.

165

Did you come to any conclusions about what the reasons for the increase are?

166

Well, I'd assumed it was mainly an issue for the elderly.

167

But in fact, it's something which affects young people just as much.

168

So nothing really to do with longer lifespans.

169

What about social media?

170

In my case, far from making me feel isolated, it actually does the opposite.

171

It definitely does more good than harm.

172

I'd say loneliness has a lot to do with the way cities are designed.

173

People living in high-rise flats with not much opportunity to speak to their neighbours.

174

I think you're right.

175

Another possible reason is that people are having fewer children and don't live in large extended family groups.

176

But in this country, anyway, that all changed decades ago.

177

And yet loneliness is a more recent problem.

178

I suppose so.

179

A more plausible explanation is that people are having to move around for work

180

and often end up living miles away from their family and friends.

181

That's true.

182

Looking at the studies on health risks and loneliness, there are claims that loneliness has as much impact as smoking 15 cigarettes a day.

183

Or similar to the risks caused by obesity.

184

But I'm not sure there's enough evidence for some of these claims.

185

Well, what about that one in Finland, which showed that loneliness increased the risk of cancer by about 10%?

186

And those findings have been supported by other studies too.

187

You're right about that one.

188

I was actually thinking of the studies on dementia.

189

Some found no association between loneliness and dementia, and others found the opposite.

190

Not exactly reliable then.

191

There's been a lot of research on cardiovascular disease, and whether loneliness contributes to that.

192

Yes, I read that it was hard to reach judgment, as the definition of loneliness varied quite a lot,

193

and the responses from participants were too subjective.

194

But there's no doubt that loneliness contributes to a weakened immune system.

195

Unquestionably.

196

The data on that is sound.

197

What did you think about the evolutionary theory of loneliness?

198

Well, I thought the idea that loneliness evolved because it motivated people to be with other people quite convincing.

199

Survival often depended on group cooperation.

200

But I don't think there's enough evidence to claim

201

that there must be a group of neurons in our brains

202

which influence social behaviour by making us feel bad when we're alone.

203

There are a few studies which support the theory, but not conclusively enough.

204

More evidence is needed.

205

And anyway, this theory's not really useful when it comes to solving the problem of loneliness today.

206

True.

207

Before you hear the rest of the discussion, you have some time to look at questions 27 to 30.

208

Now listen and answer questions 27 to 30.

209

Should we look at the relationship between loneliness and mental health now?

210

OK.

211

So, loneliness and depression are clearly related, and that's been recognised by various governments around the world.

212

But unlike depression, loneliness has no recognised clinical form.

213

There's no available diagnosis or effective treatment, and that's not likely to change.

214

I don't think so either.

215

I was thinking we should start our presentation with an example from our own experience.

216

I'd like to talk about how lonely I was when I started university, being away from home for the first time and all that.

217

Good idea.

218

Everyone will be able to relate to that, although a lot of students were probably too embarrassed to admit to it.

219

Yeah.

220

We could discuss ways of dealing with loneliness as well, like just talking to strangers.

221

Loads of studies have shown that interactions with shop assistants and bar staff make people feel more optimistic and relaxed.

222

I don't know about that, but it must make people feel more connected with their community.

223

True, although you need to be a certain kind of person to be able to just strike up a conversation.

224

Good point.

225

We should say something about solitude and how being alone and being lonely aren't the same thing.

226

It's strange the way some people can't stand being by themselves while others love it.

227

Yeah, the research shows a certain amount of solitude is beneficial for well-being, which I appreciate.

228

But being alone isn't something I actually like.

229

I'd never choose to go on holiday alone, for example.

230

Me neither.

231

Well, let's not...

232

That is the end of part three.

233

You now have 30 seconds to check your answers to part three.

234

Part 4

235

You will hear part of a presentation by an urban planning student about the role of rivers in cities around the world.

236

First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.

237

Thank you.

238

Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.

239

It's quite hard to think of a city that doesn't have a big river running through it.

240

If you think about the major cities in the world, Shanghai, New York, Mumbai, London, they're nearly all built on rivers.

241

When these cities were established hundreds or even thousands of years ago, the rivers were a big part of people's lives.

242

In sixteenth-century London, the quickest way to get from one part of the city to another was by river.

243

But people also used the river for fishing, as the water then was relatively clean,

244

and they would also go on boat trips up and down the river just for pleasure, as a relaxing escape from the noise and bustle of the city streets.

245

But as industries developed and populations increased, city rivers suffered.

246

The rising number of people meant there was a huge increase in the amount of sewage discharged into the rivers.

247

Rivers had always been used for this purpose, but when the number of inhabitants was so small, that wasn't such a problem.

248

However, as cities grew to over a million inhabitants, the impact on the rivers became more serious.

249

In addition, other types of pollution increased as factories were built beside the river and discharged their waste materials into the water.

250

This got worse over time.

251

As recently as 1957, scientists at London's Natural History Museum declared that the River Thames was dead in biological terms,

252

as the water was too filthy to support any kind of life.

253

But in recent years, as rivers lost their industrial function,

254

cities have begun to recognize their true value and to take steps to clean them up.

255

For example, the River Thames is now cleaner than it's been for 150 years.

256

These days, you can see seals swimming in the water, and recently people had to try to rescue a whale

257

which had got lost and swam up the river from the sea by mistake.

258

Unfortunately, they didn't succeed, but the problem was disorientation rather than the quality of the water.

259

Then, all around the world, riverside areas are now seen as prime sites for development.

260

Warehouses that were once used for storing goods are now being converted into expensive restaurants and also into apartments with river views,

261

which are in great demand and sell for astronomical prices.

262

In Los Angeles, on the west coast of the USA, an architect has plans to revitalise the banks of the river and to make a park there,

263

which can provide facilities for sports as well as a natural environment for relaxing in.

264

It's also hoped that the riverside can be used for other purposes.

265

It's been proposed that facilities could be provided for displaying projects related to various kinds of art

266

that have been produced by local people, for example.

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In the city of Paris, during the summer months of July and August, all the traffic is banned from the roads by the sides of the river,

268

and the banks are transformed into beaches, where people can relax in deck chairs under potted palm trees,

269

sunbathe, or buy a drink or a snack while enjoying the view.

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But to make the most of our rivers in our increasingly crowded cities, we need to allow them to regain their original purpose and be used as a means of transport,

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reclaiming our streets from cars and lorries.

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To do this, we'll have to shift more traffic back to the river, but this time cleanly and silently,

273

making the most of modern technology.

274

Already, more than two billion passengers use the ferry to travel in cities around the world, like Istanbul, San Francisco, and New York,

275

and these numbers are set to rise further.

276

Admittedly, it's not a fast way of traveling, but neither is a car when it's stuck in traffic.

277

Of course, passenger traffic on roads might decrease as more people start working from home, but another recent development, the huge rise in online shopping,

278

has meant that another form of urban traffic just keeps on growing, and that's deliveries.

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Trucks and vans in the city pollute and double park while dropping off parcels.

280

Imagine using the immense capacity of shipping to take these trucks off the road.

281

One freight barge can replace 44 large trucks, uses far less energy, and causes less pollution.

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When the barge docks at the riverside, the parcels could be taken the last few kilometres to their final destination on cargo bikes,

283

electric ones of course.

284

This is already happening in the Dutch city of Amsterdam, and in future, the final stage could even be carried out by drone,

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although at present this isn't allowed.

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Wouldn't it be great to unblock our city centres in this way?

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Looking further ahead...

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That is the end of Part 4.

289

You now have one minute to check your answers to Part 4.

290

Thank you.

291

Thank you.

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FOR YOU

この動画で英語スピーキング練習する理由

レストランの推薦を求める日常的な会話は、実践的な英語スキル向上に最適です。この動画の対話は、「特別な日の場所探し」という共感しやすいシチュエーションで展開され、shadowspeak（シャドースピーチ）の練習にぴったりです。自然な会話の流れ、口語的な表現、質問と回答のパターンが含まれているため、IELTS スピーキング対策にも役立ちます。実際の会話で使われるリズムやイントネーションを真似ることで、自然な発音と流暢さが身につきます。

文脈の中の文法と表現

対話から学べるポイントを3つ紹介します。

「I've been meaning to...」：「～しようと思っていた」という現在完了進行形の表現で、過去から現在まで続く意図を表します。日常会話で頻繁に使われるので、覚えておきましょう。
「It's got a great reputation」：「評判が良い」という口語的な表現で、「has got」を使うことでより自然な響きになります。フォーマルな場面では「has a good reputation」も使えますが、会話ではこちらが一般的です。
「The only thing is that...」：「唯一の問題は～です」という文型で、意見を述べた後に注意点を追加する際に便利です。否定的な情報を柔らかく伝えるテクニックとして覚えておきましょう。

発音の難しいポイント

英語の発音を良くするために、注意が必要な単語やアクセントを紹介します。

「junction」：/ˈdʒʌŋkʃn/ と発音し、「ジャンクション」ではなく「ジャンクシュン」に近い音になります。末尾の「tion」はシュンと発音するのがポイントです。
「deposit」：/dɪˈpɒzɪt/ と発音し、アクセントは2番目の音节にあります。「デポジット」ではなく「デポジット」（アクセントが「ポ」にある）と覚えてください。
「spectacular」：/spekˈtækjələr/ と発音し、「スペクタキュラー」ではなく「スペクタキュラー」（アクセントが「タ」にある）です。長い単語でもアクセントを抑えることで正確に発音できます。

これらのポイントを意識してshadow speechを練習することで、発音とリズムが格段に向上します。ぜひ動画を繰り返し視聴し、会話を真似てみてください。

この動画の文法

話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。

文型	動画での表現
現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している	haven't heard · It's only been · I've only been
受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる	be sourced · are found · have been lost
関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える	people who are · everyone who comes · kiln, which is

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

シャドーイングのやり方: ステップ別の完全ガイドを読む →

シャドーイング練習: Cambridge 20 test 1 with answers full test | Latest tests by Cambridge assessment | - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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この動画で英語スピーキング練習する理由

文脈の中の文法と表現

発音の難しいポイント

この動画の文法

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由