シャドーイング練習: Cambridge IELTS 17 Listening Test 4 With answer | - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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1
Cambridge 17 Listening Test 4.
2
You will hear a number of different recordings.
3
All the recordings will be played once only.
4
The test is in four parts.
5
You will have 10 minutes at the end of the test to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.
6
Now turn to Part 1.
7
First, you have some time to look at questions 1 to 5.
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Listen carefully and answer questions 1 to 5.
9
Hello, Easy Life Cleaning Services, Jacinta speaking.
10
Oh, hello.
11
I'm looking for a cleaning service for my apartment.
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Do you do domestic cleaning?
13
Sure.
14
Well, it's just a one-bedroom flat.
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Do you have a basic cleaning package?
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Yes.
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For a one-bedroom flat, we're probably looking at about two hours for a clean,
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so we'd do a thorough clean of all surfaces in each room and polish them where necessary.
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Does your apartment have carpets?
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No, I don't have any, but the floor would need cleaning. Of course.
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We'd do that in every room, and we'd do a thorough clean of the kitchen and bathroom.
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Oh, OK.
23
Then we have some additional services which you can request if you want.
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So for example, we can clean your oven for you every week.
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Actually, I hardly ever use that, but can you do the fridge?
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Sure.
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Would you like that done every week?
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Yes, definitely.
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And would ironing clothes be an additional service you can do?
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Yes, of course.
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It wouldn't be much, just my shirts for work that week.
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That's fine.
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And we could also clean your microwave if you want.
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No, I wipe that out pretty regularly, so there's no need for that.
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We also offer additional services that you might want a bit less often, say every month.
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So, for example, if the inside of your windows need cleaning, we could do that.
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Yes, that'd be good.
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I'm on the 15th floor, so the outside gets done regularly by specialists, but the inside does get a bit grubby.
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And we could arrange for your curtains to get cleaned if necessary.
40
No, they're okay.
41
But would you be able to do something about the balcony?
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It's quite small and I don't use it much, but it could do with a wash every month or so.
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Yes, we can get the pressure washer onto that.
44
Before you hear the rest of the conversation, you have some time to look at questions 6 to
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Now listen and answer questions 6 to 10.
46
Now if you're interested, we do offer some other possibilities to do with general maintenance.
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For example, if you have a problem with water and you need a plumber in a hurry, we can put you in touch with a reliable one who can come out straight away.
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And the same thing if you need an electrician.
49
Right, that's good to know.
50
I've only just moved here, so I don't have any of those sorts of contacts.
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And I don't know if this is of interest to you, but we also offer a special vacuum cleaning system
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which can improve the indoor air quality of your home by capturing up to 99% of all the dust in the air.
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So if you're troubled by allergies, this can make a big difference.
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Right.
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In fact, I don't have that sort of problem, but I'll bear it in mind.
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Now, can you tell me a bit about your cleaning staff? Of course.
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So all our cleaners are very carefully selected.
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When they apply to us, they have to undergo a security check with the police to make sure they don't have any sort of criminal background.
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And of course, they have to provide references as well.
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Then if we think they might be suitable for the job, we give them training for it.
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That lasts for two weeks, so it's very thorough, and at the end of it they have a test.
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If they pass that, we take them on, but we monitor them very carefully.
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We ask all our clients to complete a review of their performance after every visit and to email it to us, so we can pick up any problems straight away and deal with them.
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OK, well, that all sounds good.
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And will I always have the same cleaner?
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Yes, we do our best to organise it that way, and we usually manage it.
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Good, that's fine.
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Right, so I'd like to go ahead and...
69
That is the end of part one.
70
You now have half a minute to check your answers.
71
Now turn to part two.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 11 to 14.
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Now listen and answer questions 11 to 14.
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As many of you here today have worked in the hotel industry for some time,
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I'm sure you have experienced the problem of high staff turnover in your hotels.
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Every hotel relies on having loyal and experienced members of staff who make sure that everything runs smoothly.
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If staff are constantly changing, it can make life difficult for everyone.
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But why do staff leave frequently in many hotels?
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Of course, many hotel jobs, such as cleaning, are low-skilled and are not well paid.
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A lot of managers think it's this and the long hours that are the main causes of high staff turnover.
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But what they don't realise is that it's the lack of training in many hotel jobs which is a huge factor.
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So what kind of problems does a high turnover of staff cause.
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Well, having to recruit new staff all the time can be very time-consuming,
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and managers may have to cover some duties while waiting for new staff to arrive.
85
This means they don't have time to think about less immediate problems, such as how to improve their service.
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When staff leave, it can also severely affect the colleagues they leave behind.
87
It has a negative effect on remaining staff who may start to feel that they too should be thinking about leaving.
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So what can be done to change this situation?
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Firstly, managers should stop making basic errors which leave their staff feeling upset and resentful.
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When organising shifts, for example, make sure you never give certain staff preferential treatment.
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All staff should be given some choice about when they work, and everyone should have to work some evening and weekend shifts.
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If you treat staff fairly, they'll be more likely to step in and help when extra staff are needed.
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Keeping staff happy has other tangible benefits for the business.
94
Take the Dunwich Hotel as an example.
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It had been experiencing a problem with staff complaints, and in order to deal with this,
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invested in staff training and improved staff conditions.
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Not only did the level of complaints fall, but they also noticed a significant increase in the amount each customer spent during their stay.
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They have now introduced a customer loyalty scheme, which is going really well.
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Before you hear the rest of the conversation, you have some time to look at questions 15 to 20.
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Now listen and answer questions 15 to 20.
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Now I'd like to look at some ways you can reduce staff turnover in your hotels.
102
And I'll do this by giving some examples of hotels where I've done some training recently.
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The Sun Club received feedback which showed that staff thought managers didn't value their opinions.
104
They weren't made to feel they were partners who were contributing to the success of the business as a whole.
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This situation has changed.
106
Junior staff, at all levels, are regularly invited to meetings where their ideas are welcomed.
107
A year ago, the Portland recognised the need to invest in staff retention.
108
Their first step was to introduce a scheme for recognising talent amongst their employees.
109
The hope is that organising training for individuals with management potential will encourage them to stay with the business.
110
At Blue Water, managers decided to recognise 50 high achievers from across the company's huge hotel chain.
111
As a reward, they're sent on an all-expenses-paid trip abroad every year.
112
Fun is an important element in the trips, but there's also the opportunity to learn something useful.
113
This year's trip included a visit to a brewery, where staff learned about the new beer that would be served in the hotel.
114
Pentlow Hotels identified that retention of junior reception staff was an issue.
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In order to encourage them to see that working in a hotel could be worthwhile and rewarding with good prospects,
116
they introduced a management programme.
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These staff were given additional responsibilities and a chance to work in various roles in the hotel.
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Green Planet wanted to be seen as a caring employer.
119
To make life easier for staff, many of whom had childcare responsibilities,
120
the hotel began issuing vouchers to help cover the cost of childcare.
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Louise Marsh at the Amesbury has one of the best staff retention rates in the business.
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Since she joined the company, she's made a huge effort to achieve this by creating a cooperative and supportive environment.
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For her, the staff are part of a large family where everyone is valued.
124
Okay, now I'd like to move...
125
That is the end of part two.
126
You now have half a minute to check your answers.
127
Now turn to part three.
128
First, you have some time to look at questions 21 to 24.
129
Now listen and answer questions 21 to 24.
130
Hi Thomas, how are you enjoying the course so far?
131
Yeah, I think it's good.
132
Remind me, why did you decide to study sports science?
133
Didn't you want to be a professional athlete when you were at school?
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Yeah, that was my goal, and all my classmates assumed I would achieve it.
135
They thought I was brilliant.
136
That must have been a nice feeling.
137
I thought I could win anything.
138
There was no one who could run faster than me.
139
Exactly.
140
So what happened?
141
Did your mum and dad want you to be more academic?
142
Not at all.
143
Perhaps they should have pushed me harder, though.
144
What do you mean?
145
I think I should have practised more.
146
What makes you say that?
147
Well, I went out to Kenya for a couple of weeks to train.
148
Really?
149
I didn't know that.
150
I was chosen to go there out of loads of kids
151
and run with some of the top teenage athletes in the world.
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and I was so calm about it.
153
I just kept thinking how fortunate I was.
154
What a great chance this was.
155
Everyone back home was so proud of me.
156
But once we started competing, I very quickly realised I wasn't good enough.
157
That must have been a huge shock.
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I thought, this can't be happening.
159
I was used to winning.
160
I'm sorry to hear that.
161
It's OK.
162
I'm over it now and I think it's much better to do a university course.
163
And this one has such a variety of sports-related areas.
164
It's going to be good.
165
Oh, I agree.
166
I chose it because of that.
167
Before you hear the rest of the conversation, you have some time to look at questions 25 to 30.
168
Now listen and answer questions 25 to 30.
169
So, Jian, have you thought of any ideas for the discussion session next week on technology and sport?
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We have to cover more than one sport, don't we?
171
Yeah.
172
You know, we always think technology is about the future, but we could gather some ideas about past developments in sport.
173
Look at early types of equipment, perhaps.
174
I remember reading something about table tennis bats once, how they ended up being covered with pimpled rubber.
175
Because they were just wooden at first, I'd imagine.
176
Yeah.
177
In about the 1920s, a factory was making rolls of the rubber in bulk to something like horse harnesses.
178
Really?
179
Yeah, and someone realised that it would make a perfect covering for the wooden bats.
180
So, what about cricket?
181
That's had a few innovative changes.
182
Maybe the pads they wear on their legs?
183
I don't think they've changed much, but I'm just looking on the internet.
184
And it says that when the first cricket helmet came in,
185
in 1978, the Australian batsman who first wore it was booed and jeered by people watching because it was so ugly.
186
Wow!
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Players have to protect themselves from getting hurt.
188
I mean, everyone wears one now.
189
Hmm, unlike the cycle helmet.
190
Well, unless you're a professional.
191
But you're right, many ordinary bikers don't wear a helmet.
192
Hey, look at these pictures of original helmet designs.
193
This one looks like an upside-down bowl.
194
Yet the woman's laughing.
195
She's so proud to be wearing it.
196
It says serious cyclists ended up with wet hair from all the hard exercise.
197
I guess that's why they have large air vents in them now, so that their skin can breathe more easily.
198
OK, so we've done helmets.
199
What about golf balls?
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Or better still, golf clubs?
201
They've changed a lot.
202
Yeah.
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I remember my great-grandfather telling me that because a club was made entirely of wood, it would easily break and players had to get another.
204
There's no wood at all in them now, is there?
205
No, they're much more powerful.
206
The same must be true of hockey sticks.
207
Hmm, I don't think so, because players still use wooden sticks today.
208
Hmm, what it does say here, though, is that when the game started, you had to produce a stick yourself.
209
I guess they just weren't being manufactured. So, one more, perhaps?
210
What about football?
211
Well, I know the first balls were made of animal skin.
212
Yeah, they covered them with pieces of leather that were stitched together.
213
But the balls let in water when it rained.
214
Oh, that would have made them much heavier.
215
That's right.
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You can imagine the damage to players' necks when the ball was headed.
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Oh, how painful that must have been.
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Yeah.
219
Well, I think we can put together some useful ideas...
220
That is the end of part three.
221
You now have half a minute to check your answers.
222
Now turn to part four.
223
First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
224
Now listen and answer questions 31 to 40.
225
Hello, everyone.
226
Today, we're going to look at another natural food product, and that's maple syrup.
227
What is this exactly?
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Well, maple syrup looks rather like clear honey, but it's not made by bees.
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It's produced from the plant fluid, or sap, inside the maple tree, and that makes maple syrup a very natural product.
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Maple syrup is a thick, golden, sweet-tasting liquid that can be bought in bottles or jars
231
and poured onto foods such as waffles and ice cream or used in the baking of cakes and pastries.
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It contains no preservatives or added ingredients, and it provides a healthy alternative to refined sugar.
233
Let's just talk a bit about the maple tree itself, which is where maple syrup comes from.
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So, there are many species of maple tree, and they'll grow without fertilizer in areas where there's plenty of moisture in the soil.
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However, they'll only do this if another important criterion is fulfilled,
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which is that they must have full or partial sun exposure during the day and very cool nights.
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And I'll talk more about that in a minute.
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There are only certain parts of the world that provide all these conditions.
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One is Canada.
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And by that, I mean all parts of Canada.
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And the other is the northeastern states of North America.
242
In these areas, the climate suits the trees perfectly.
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In fact, Canada produces over two-thirds of the world's maple syrup,
244
which is why the five-pointed maple leaf is a Canadian symbol and has featured on the flag since 1964.
245
So, how did maple syrup production begin?
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Well, long before Europeans settled in these parts of the world, the indigenous communities had started producing maple sugar.
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They bored holes in the trunks of maple trees
248
and used containers made of tree bark to collect the liquid sap as it poured out.
249
As they were unable to keep the liquid for any length of time, they didn't have storage facilities in those days,
250
they boiled the liquid by placing pieces of rock that had become scorching hot from the sun into the sap.
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They did this until it turned into sugar, and they were then able to use this to sweeten their food and drinks.
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Since that time, improvements have been made to the process, but it has changed very little overall.
253
So, let's look at the production of maple syrup today.
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Clearly, the maple forests are a valuable resource in many Canadian and North American communities.
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The trees have to be well looked after,
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and they cannot be used to make syrup until the trunks reach a diameter of around 25 centimeters.
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This can take anything up to 40 years.
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As I've already mentioned, maple trees need the right conditions to grow and also to produce sap.
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Why is this?
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Well, what happens is that during a cold night,
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the tree absorbs water from the soil and that rises through the tree's vascular system.
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But then in the warmer daytime, the change in temperature causes the water to be pushed back down to the bottom of the tree.
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This continual movement up and down leads to the formation of the sap needed for maple syrup production.
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When the tree is ready, it can be tapped, and this involves drilling a small hole into the trunk
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and inserting a tube into it that ends in a bucket.
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The trees can often take several taps, though the workers take care not to cause any damage to the healthy growth of the tree itself.
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The sap that comes out of the trees consists of 98% water and 2% sugar and other nutrients.
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It has to be boiled so that much of that water evaporates.
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And this process has to take place immediately using what are called evaporators.
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These are basically extremely large pans.
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The sap is poured into these.
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A fire is built, and the pans are then heated until the sap boils.
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As it does this, the water evaporates, and the syrup begins to form.
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The evaporation process creates large quantities of steam, and the sap becomes thicker and denser,
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and at just the right moment when the sap is thick enough to be called maple syrup, the worker removes it from the heat.
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After this process, something called sugar sand has to be filtered out as this builds up during the boiling
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and gives the syrup a cloudy appearance and a slightly gritty taste.
278
Once this has been done, the syrup is ready to be packaged so that it can be used for a whole variety of products.
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It takes 40 liters of sap to produce 1 liter of maple syrup, so you can get an idea of how much is needed.
280
So that's the basic process.
281
In places like Quebec...
282
That is the end of part four.
283
You now have 10 minutes to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.
284
Thank you.
285
Thank you.
286
Thank you.
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
このB2レベルのスピーキングレッスンは、動画「Cambridge IELTS 17 Listening Test 4 With answer |」を教材にしています。 繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：staff, maple, syrup, hotel, tree。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が286文、単語が3166語あります。 音声の長さは27:06です。 話す速さは1分あたり約117語で安定しており、シャドーイングしやすいペースです。 単語の84%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれます。残りは練習の前に確認しておきましょう。
この動画の重要語彙
動画の中で特に難しい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| maple 名詞 | /ˈmeɪpl̩/ | 楓, かえで |
| syrup 名詞 | /ˈsɪɹ.əp/ | シロップ, 糖蜜 |
| helmet 名詞 | /ˈhɛlmɪt/ | ヘルメット, 兜 |
| turnover 名詞 | /ˈtɝnoʊvɚ/ | 取引高 |
| boil 動詞 | /bɔɪ(ə)l/ | 沸かす, 沸騰させる |
| thorough 形容詞 | /ˈθʌɹoʊ/ | 徹底的な |
| trunk 名詞 | /tɹʌŋk/ | 幹 |
| pour 動詞 | /poɹ/ | 注ぐ |
| childcare 名詞 | 保育所 | |
| evaporate 動詞 | /ɪˈvæp.ə.ɹeɪt/ | 蒸発する, 揮発する |
| athlete 名詞 | /ˈæθ.liːt/ | 陸上競技の選手, 陸上選手 |
| classmate 名詞 | /ˈklæs.meɪt/ | 同級生, 級友 |
| nutrient 名詞 | /ˈnuː.tɹi.ənt/ | 栄養, 栄養素 |
| cyclist 名詞 | /ˈsaɪ.klɪst/ | サイクリスト, チャリダー |
| allergy 名詞 | /ˈæl.əɹ.d͡ʒi/ | アレルギー |
動画に出てくる句動詞
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| come out 動詞 | /ˌkʌm ˈaʊt/ | 出る |
| go ahead 動詞 | /ˌɡoʊ əˈhɛd/ | どうぞお先に |
| leave behind 動詞 | 置き忘れる | |
| pick up 動詞 | 拾う, 拾い上げる |
繰り返し練習したい文
動画に出てくる短く完結した文です。日常会話でそのまま使えます。
- Do you do domestic cleaning?
- Do you have a basic cleaning package?
- Does your apartment have carpets?
- Would you like that done every week?
- What makes you say that?
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している | I've only just moved · have worked · have experienced |
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | will be played · can be done · should be given |
| 関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える | one who can · jobs which is · scheme, which is |
注意したい発音
話し手はdon't, I'm, didn'tなど、短縮形や弱形を56回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
- 「th」の音: thorough /ˈθʌɹoʊ/, athlete /ˈæθ.liːt/, northeastern /ˌnorˈθiː.stɚn/, smoothly /ˈsmuːðli/, worthwhile /ˌwɜː(ɹ)θˈwaɪl/
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: retention /ɹɪˈtɛnʃən/, partial /ˈpɑɹʃəl/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: evaporate /ɪˈvæp.ə.ɹeɪt/, ingredient /ɪnˈɡɹiːdi.ənt/, cooperative /kuˈɑp.ɹətɪv/, diameter /daɪˈæmɪdɚ/, innovative /ˈɪn.əˌveɪtɪv/
日本語話者が苦手な音：
- /r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: allergy /ˈæl.əɹ.d͡ʒi/, firstly /ˈfɜɹstli/, worthwhile /ˌwɜː(ɹ)θˈwaɪl/, drill /dɹɪl/, partial /ˈpɑɹʃəl/
- /v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: turnover /ˈtɝnoʊvɚ/, evaporate /ɪˈvæp.ə.ɹeɪt/, microwave /ˈmaɪkɹoʊˌweɪv/, cooperative /kuˈɑp.ɹətɪv/, supportive /səˈpɔɹtɪv/
- /f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: refine /ɹɪˈfaɪn/, firstly /ˈfɜɹstli/, fulfill /fʊlˈfɪl/, fortunate /ˈfɔɹ.t͡ʃə.nɪt/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- 通常の速度で一文ずつシャドーイングし、話し手のリズムに合うまで繰り返します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。maple, syrup, helmetなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。