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1
Part 1.
Phần 1.
2
You will hear a woman asking a friend for restaurant recommendations.
Bạn sẽ nghe một người phụ nữ đang nhờ bạn bè giới thiệu nhà hàng.
3
First, you have some time to look at questions 1 to 4.
4
Now listen carefully and answer questions one to four.
5
I've been meaning to ask you for some advice about restaurants.
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I need to book somewhere to celebrate my sister's 30th birthday, and I liked the sound of that place you went to for your mum's 50th.
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The junction.
8
Yeah, I'd definitely recommend that for a special occasion.
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We had a great time there.
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Everyone really enjoyed it.
11
Where is it again?
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I can't remember.
13
It's on Grayson Street, only about a two-minute walk from the station.
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Oh, that's good.
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I'd prefer not to have to drive anywhere.
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But I don't want to have to walk too far either.
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Yes, the location's perfect, but that's not necessarily why I'd recommend it.
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The food's amazing.
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If you like fish, it's probably the best restaurant in town for that.
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It's always really fresh, and there are lots of interesting dishes to choose from.
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But all the food is good there.
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Is it really expensive?
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It's certainly not cheap, but for a special occasion, I think it's fine.
24
It's got a great atmosphere, and before dinner you can go up on the roof and have a drink.
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It's really nice up there, but you need to book.
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It's very popular, as the views are spectacular.
27
Hmm, sounds good.
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So that's definitely a possibility then.
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Is there anywhere else you can think of?
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Um, if you want somewhere a bit less formal, then you could try Paloma.
31
Where's that?
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I haven't heard of it.
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No, it's quite new.
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It's only been open a few months, but it's got a great reputation already.
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It's in a really beautiful old building on Bow Street.
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Oh, I think I know where you mean.
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Right beside the cinema.
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Yes, that's it.
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I've only been there a couple of times, but I was really impressed.
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The chef used to work at Don Felipe's, apparently.
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I was really sorry when that closed down.
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So is all the food they serve Spanish, then?
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Yeah.
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You can get lots of small dishes to share, which always works really well if you're in a group.
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Hmm.
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Worth thinking about.
47
Yeah.
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There's a lively atmosphere, and the waiters are really friendly.
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The only thing is that you need to pay a £50 deposit to book a table.
50
A lot of restaurants are doing that these days.
51
I should have a look at the menu to check there's a good choice of vegetarian dishes.
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A couple of my friends have stopped eating meat.
53
Not sure.
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I'd say the selection of those would be quite limited.
55
Before you hear the rest of the conversation, you have some time to look at questions 5 to 10.
56
Thank you.
57
I've just thought of another idea.
58
Have you been to the Audley?
59
No, don't think I've heard of it.
60
How's it spelt?
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A-U-D-L-E-Y.
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You must have heard of it.
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There's been a lot about it in the press.
64
I don't tend to pay much attention to that kind of thing.
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So where is it exactly?
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It's in that hotel near Baxter Bridge, on the top floor.
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Oh, the views would be incredible from up there.
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Yeah, I'd love to go.
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I can't think of the chef's name, but she was a judge on that TV cookery show recently, and she's written a couple of cookery books.
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Oh, Angela Frayne.
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That's the one.
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Anyway, it's had excellent reviews from all the newspapers.
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That would be a memorable place for a celebration.
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Definitely.
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Obviously it's worth going there just for the view, but the food is supposed to be really special.
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She only likes cooking with local products, doesn't she?
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Yes.
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Everything at the restaurant has to be sourced within a short distance, and absolutely nothing flown in from abroad.
79
I imagine it's really expensive, though.
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Well, you could go for the set lunch.
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That's quite reasonable for a top-class restaurant.
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Thirty pounds a head.
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In the evening, I think it'd be more like fifty pounds.
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At least that, I should think.
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But I'm sure everyone would enjoy it.
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It's not the kind of place you leave feeling hungry, though, is it?
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With tiny portions.
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No, the reviews I've read didn't mention that.
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I imagine they'd be average.
90
Well, that's all great.
91
Part 2 You will hear a potter, Heather McCallum, speaking to a group of people who are visiting a pottery,
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a place where people make pots and other objects from clay.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 11 to 16.
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Now listen.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 11 to 16.
96
Hello and welcome.
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My name's Heather McCallum and I'm one of the potters who work here at Edelman Pottery.
98
Before we go into the workshop, I just want to say a bit about the craft of pottery.
99
Then we'll have a look at the equipment and you can try making a pot of your own.
100
Like many people, I'm sure you know that pottery as an art form is tens of thousands of years old.
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And we know this because it stands the test of time.
102
Things like baskets and pictures don't survive in the earth in the same way that pots do.
103
And even if ancient pots are found in small pieces, they still provide a lot of information about the past.
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There's no doubt that pottery has given archaeologists a fascinating insight into how ancient humans lived.
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The shape of an artefact may have been lost, but archaeologists can tell whether the pots were for,
106
say, storage or cooking by examining the impressions on the clay, the scratches from tools.
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And the clay itself can reveal where the pots came from.
108
When I ask people why they want to take a pottery class with me, they sometimes talk about these things.
109
Like our ancestors, they hope that something they create will also last longer than they do.
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That their work, whether it is good or not, might say something about humanity many years after their death.
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Of course, you will all have your own reasons for coming here.
112
As far as I'm concerned, what I love most is the concentration you need to make a good pot.
113
That focus takes you away from the stresses of everyday life.
114
If you're elderly, it's also good exercise for hands and wrists and helps with arthritis.
115
And of course, it's a fun activity for children because it's so messy.
116
Here at Edelman Pottery, we show you some of the basic pottery techniques
117
so that you can use these to create whatever you wish.
118
A gift for a friend, perhaps.
119
Like nearly everyone who comes here, I'm sure this is the first time you will have tried the art.
120
So we'll keep things simple today.
121
Now, before we move on, can I just say a word about what you're wearing?
122
As we said in our email, please remove any watches, necklaces, etc. and put them somewhere safe.
123
If you have long hair, do tie it back now.
124
We'll provide aprons later, but I trust your clothes are old but comfortable, not your favourite T-shirt or jeans.
125
Before you hear the rest of the talk, you have some time to look at questions 17 to 20.
126
Now listen and answer questions 17 to 20.
127
So now we're in the workshop.
128
Have a look around.
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There's a lot going on.
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To make pottery that will last, you need a potter's wheel,
131
a kiln, which is basically a very hot oven where you fire the pottery, and some tools. So first, the kiln.
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If you look over in the far corner, you'll see one of ours.
133
Since their invention, kilns have changed very little, though in the past 20 years, a lot of progress has been made in temperature control.
134
Basically, a kiln removes the water from clay at temperatures of around 1000 degrees Celsius.
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This allows anything you've made to set permanently in shape.
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It's a pretty ugly heavy object that's hard to keep in a house or flat, so most people don't have one.
137
You may think, can't I use my oven?
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Well that's possible, but domestic ovens don't really get hot enough and eventually the clay will crack and fall apart.
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Some people fire pottery in a fire pit outside, but bear in mind that can be dangerous.
140
You also need to know about safety procedures for kilns as they release toxic compounds into the air.
141
Every potter needs a potter's wheel.
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This machine is used to shape the clay into an object with circular walls or sides, such as a bowl.
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Its invention revolutionised the pottery industry, allowing multiple items to be produced in a day.
144
Lastly, there are a number of different tools that potters use, depending on what they want to make.
145
When you start, your hands can make all kinds of shapes and curves without relying on a sculpting tool.
146
However, there are some basic tools that you will need to handle the clay on the wheel.
147
Some that look very strange and have even odder names that you may find hard to remember.
148
Rather than go through them all now, I'll just name a few tools as we go along.
149
We can provide these and I wouldn't recommend spending money on them yet.
150
So, let's try making a pot of your own.
151
If you sit down...
152
That is the end of part two.
153
You now have 30 seconds to check your answers to part two.
154
Part 3 You will hear two sociology students,
155
called Tamara and Dev, discussing their research for a presentation on loneliness.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 21 to 26.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 21 to 26.
158
Shall we go through the notes we've made from our research into loneliness now, Dev?
159
OK, Tamara.
160
It's been a real eye-opener.
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I had no idea that loneliness has been increasing steadily for the last 20 years.
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I know.
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And it's the same all over the world.
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The downside of a modern lifestyle, I guess.
165
Did you come to any conclusions about what the reasons for the increase are?
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Well, I'd assumed it was mainly an issue for the elderly.
167
But in fact, it's something which affects young people just as much.
168
So nothing really to do with longer lifespans.
169
What about social media?
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In my case, far from making me feel isolated, it actually does the opposite.
171
It definitely does more good than harm.
172
I'd say loneliness has a lot to do with the way cities are designed.
173
People living in high-rise flats with not much opportunity to speak to their neighbours.
174
I think you're right.
175
Another possible reason is that people are having fewer children and don't live in large extended family groups.
176
But in this country, anyway, that all changed decades ago.
177
And yet loneliness is a more recent problem.
178
I suppose so.
179
A more plausible explanation is that people are having to move around for work
180
and often end up living miles away from their family and friends.
181
That's true.
182
Looking at the studies on health risks and loneliness, there are claims that loneliness has as much impact as smoking 15 cigarettes a day.
183
Or similar to the risks caused by obesity.
184
But I'm not sure there's enough evidence for some of these claims.
185
Well, what about that one in Finland, which showed that loneliness increased the risk of cancer by about 10%?
186
And those findings have been supported by other studies too.
187
You're right about that one.
188
I was actually thinking of the studies on dementia.
189
Some found no association between loneliness and dementia, and others found the opposite.
190
Not exactly reliable then.
191
There's been a lot of research on cardiovascular disease, and whether loneliness contributes to that.
192
Yes, I read that it was hard to reach judgment, as the definition of loneliness varied quite a lot,
193
and the responses from participants were too subjective.
194
But there's no doubt that loneliness contributes to a weakened immune system.
195
Unquestionably.
196
The data on that is sound.
197
What did you think about the evolutionary theory of loneliness?
198
Well, I thought the idea that loneliness evolved because it motivated people to be with other people quite convincing.
199
Survival often depended on group cooperation.
200
But I don't think there's enough evidence to claim
201
that there must be a group of neurons in our brains
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which influence social behaviour by making us feel bad when we're alone.
203
There are a few studies which support the theory, but not conclusively enough.
204
More evidence is needed.
205
And anyway, this theory's not really useful when it comes to solving the problem of loneliness today.
206
True.
207
Before you hear the rest of the discussion, you have some time to look at questions 27 to 30.
208
Now listen and answer questions 27 to 30.
209
Should we look at the relationship between loneliness and mental health now?
210
OK.
211
So, loneliness and depression are clearly related, and that's been recognised by various governments around the world.
212
But unlike depression, loneliness has no recognised clinical form.
213
There's no available diagnosis or effective treatment, and that's not likely to change.
214
I don't think so either.
215
I was thinking we should start our presentation with an example from our own experience.
216
I'd like to talk about how lonely I was when I started university, being away from home for the first time and all that.
217
Good idea.
218
Everyone will be able to relate to that, although a lot of students were probably too embarrassed to admit to it.
219
Yeah.
220
We could discuss ways of dealing with loneliness as well, like just talking to strangers.
221
Loads of studies have shown that interactions with shop assistants and bar staff make people feel more optimistic and relaxed.
222
I don't know about that, but it must make people feel more connected with their community.
223
True, although you need to be a certain kind of person to be able to just strike up a conversation.
224
Good point.
225
We should say something about solitude and how being alone and being lonely aren't the same thing.
226
It's strange the way some people can't stand being by themselves while others love it.
227
Yeah, the research shows a certain amount of solitude is beneficial for well-being, which I appreciate.
228
But being alone isn't something I actually like.
229
I'd never choose to go on holiday alone, for example.
230
Me neither.
231
Well, let's not...
232
That is the end of part three.
233
You now have 30 seconds to check your answers to part three.
234
Part 4
235
You will hear part of a presentation by an urban planning student about the role of rivers in cities around the world.
236
First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
237
Thank you.
238
Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
239
It's quite hard to think of a city that doesn't have a big river running through it.
240
If you think about the major cities in the world, Shanghai, New York, Mumbai, London, they're nearly all built on rivers.
241
When these cities were established hundreds or even thousands of years ago, the rivers were a big part of people's lives.
242
In sixteenth-century London, the quickest way to get from one part of the city to another was by river.
243
But people also used the river for fishing, as the water then was relatively clean,
244
and they would also go on boat trips up and down the river just for pleasure, as a relaxing escape from the noise and bustle of the city streets.
245
But as industries developed and populations increased, city rivers suffered.
246
The rising number of people meant there was a huge increase in the amount of sewage discharged into the rivers.
247
Rivers had always been used for this purpose, but when the number of inhabitants was so small, that wasn't such a problem.
248
However, as cities grew to over a million inhabitants, the impact on the rivers became more serious.
249
In addition, other types of pollution increased as factories were built beside the river and discharged their waste materials into the water.
250
This got worse over time.
251
As recently as 1957, scientists at London's Natural History Museum declared that the River Thames was dead in biological terms,
252
as the water was too filthy to support any kind of life.
253
But in recent years, as rivers lost their industrial function,
254
cities have begun to recognize their true value and to take steps to clean them up.
255
For example, the River Thames is now cleaner than it's been for 150 years.
256
These days, you can see seals swimming in the water, and recently people had to try to rescue a whale
257
which had got lost and swam up the river from the sea by mistake.
258
Unfortunately, they didn't succeed, but the problem was disorientation rather than the quality of the water.
259
Then, all around the world, riverside areas are now seen as prime sites for development.
260
Warehouses that were once used for storing goods are now being converted into expensive restaurants and also into apartments with river views,
261
which are in great demand and sell for astronomical prices.
262
In Los Angeles, on the west coast of the USA, an architect has plans to revitalise the banks of the river and to make a park there,
263
which can provide facilities for sports as well as a natural environment for relaxing in.
264
It's also hoped that the riverside can be used for other purposes.
265
It's been proposed that facilities could be provided for displaying projects related to various kinds of art
266
that have been produced by local people, for example.
267
In the city of Paris, during the summer months of July and August, all the traffic is banned from the roads by the sides of the river,
268
and the banks are transformed into beaches, where people can relax in deck chairs under potted palm trees,
269
sunbathe, or buy a drink or a snack while enjoying the view.
270
But to make the most of our rivers in our increasingly crowded cities, we need to allow them to regain their original purpose and be used as a means of transport,
271
reclaiming our streets from cars and lorries.
272
To do this, we'll have to shift more traffic back to the river, but this time cleanly and silently,
273
making the most of modern technology.
274
Already, more than two billion passengers use the ferry to travel in cities around the world, like Istanbul, San Francisco, and New York,
275
and these numbers are set to rise further.
276
Admittedly, it's not a fast way of traveling, but neither is a car when it's stuck in traffic.
277
Of course, passenger traffic on roads might decrease as more people start working from home, but another recent development, the huge rise in online shopping,
278
has meant that another form of urban traffic just keeps on growing, and that's deliveries.
279
Trucks and vans in the city pollute and double park while dropping off parcels.
280
Imagine using the immense capacity of shipping to take these trucks off the road.
281
One freight barge can replace 44 large trucks, uses far less energy, and causes less pollution.
282
When the barge docks at the riverside, the parcels could be taken the last few kilometres to their final destination on cargo bikes,
283
electric ones of course.
284
This is already happening in the Dutch city of Amsterdam, and in future, the final stage could even be carried out by drone,
285
although at present this isn't allowed.
286
Wouldn't it be great to unblock our city centres in this way?
287
Looking further ahead...
288
That is the end of Part 4.
289
You now have one minute to check your answers to Part 4.
290
Thank you.
291
Thank you.
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|---|---|
| Thì hiện tại hoàn thành have/has + quá khứ phân từ — việc đã xảy ra nhưng còn liên quan đến hiện tại | haven't heard · It's only been · I've only been |
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| Mệnh đề quan hệ who / which + mệnh đề — thêm thông tin về người hoặc vật | people who are · everyone who comes · kiln, which is |
Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?
Shadowing là kỹ thuật học ngôn ngữ có cơ sở khoa học, ban đầu được phát triển cho chương trình đào tạo phiên dịch viên chuyên nghiệp và được phổ biến rộng rãi bởi nhà đa ngôn ngữ học Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Nguyên lý cốt lõi đơn giản nhưng cực kỳ hiệu quả: bạn nghe tiếng Anh của người bản xứ và lặp lại to ngay lập tức — như một "cái bóng" (shadow) đuổi theo người nói với độ trễ chỉ 1–2 giây. Khác với luyện ngữ pháp hay học từ vựng bị động, Shadowing buộc não bộ và cơ miệng phải đồng thời xử lý và tái tạo ngôn ngữ thực tế. Các nghiên cứu khoa học xác nhận phương pháp này cải thiện đáng kể phát âm, ngữ điệu, nhịp điệu, nối âm, kỹ năng nghe và độ lưu loát khi nói — đặc biệt hiệu quả cho người luyện IELTS Speaking và muốn giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.