ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: Extended Interview: Air Force officer shot down in Iran on surviving behind enemy lines
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There was an Iranian search party that had assembled at the base of the mountain to come find you.
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You knew that the Iranians were trying to find you as well, right?
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I knew that they were coming.
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I saw.
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I knew for a fact that they were looking for me.
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Were you armed?
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I was.
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In April, five weeks into a costly and unpopular war, an American fighter jet was shot down over Iran,
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leaving two American aviators stranded behind enemy lines.
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The officers on board, the pilot, mission call sign Alpha, and the weapons systems officer,
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mission callsign Bravo, had ejected from their F -15E and landed miles apart in a mountainous desert region.
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They would both soon have Iranian bounties on their heads.
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What unfolded was one of the largest search -and -rescue operations in U .S military history.
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In his first interview, Bravo told 60 Minutes his harrowing story of survival
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and provided new details about the 50 -hour operation to rescue him
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and his crewmate thank you
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so much for doing this bravo first let me ask you
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how are you doing overall very well thank you for asking there's some things i'm still recovering from
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but i'm receiving tremendous care and continue to recover
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how grateful are you to be here safely on american soil
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it's hard to describe the depth of my gratitude not just for those who came to get me
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but for the millions of Americans that were supporting them I really do thank each
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and every one of them we've heard from the president
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and from the chain of command about your rescue
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and about Alpha's rescue but is this the first time you are publicly sharing your story.
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It is.
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The only times I've talked about these details
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or any of this is either with medical professionals or with close personal friends that are helping me recover.
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But I think it's important for America to hear what we're capable of
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and remember that there are thousands of Americans that are out protecting us and defending us every day,
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and I want to make sure that they get their due credit.
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Often people will say thank you for your service, and I don't think they realize just how much harder it is on our families
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that we're leaving behind as we go to do what's necessary to defend America.
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The whole family serves.
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That's right.
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I think it'd be helpful to just start with the basics and go through chronologically what happens.
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Walk me through that day on April 3rd.
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What was it like?
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That day was just another day in the war for us, until the moment where we got hit by an Iranian weapon.
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You're flying in an F -15?
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Yes.
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F -15 is, in my biased opinion, America's greatest war horse.
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It's two -tailed, two -engined, two -crewed, can carry an enormous amount of weaponry.
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It also has the ability to fly greater distances than most of our force, and I'm really proud to be part of that F -15E community.
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Why was it called Dude 4 -4? So when deployed,
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each type of airframe has call signs that are associated with some of those things in this particular case that our airframe,
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the F -15, was called Dude.
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And we were the fourth F -15 in that particular formation, thus Dude 4 -4, rather than, say, 4 -1.
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Had you and your crewmate flown together before?
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We'd never flown together before.
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In fact, that's not necessarily uncommon, because we're all trained to do a particular job
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and you don't want to give yourself artificial constraints in only flying with the same people over and over again.
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And yet as a community, we build trust knowing that the person
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that you're flying with is an expert at their craft and you do your best to uphold your half of that bargain.
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You're on a nighttime mission, correct?
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It was a nighttime mission that we were flying.
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Specific details of the mission I may not be able to get into just for security risks.
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While the warplane was flying over a mountainous area south of the city of Isfahan, it was struck by an Iranian shoulder -fired missile.
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When did you know something was going wrong?
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It is, without a shadow of a doubt, it was evident that we'd been impacted by an Iranian weapon when it happened.
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It's difficult to describe because you think about these scenarios as part of our training
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and how we would react given each of them and yet
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when it happened it was perfectly clear to me that we'd been hit because of the violence of that impact.
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Can you describe it or what you and your crewmate were able to say to each other?
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I think the best way I've been able to describe that moment was getting hit by a freight train.
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We do all we can to try to save the aircraft.
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It was evident that that wasn't possible.
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And soon thereafter, we ejected and found ourselves floating over the heart of Iran.
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So within seconds, you're ejecting.
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That's how quick the decision is.
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It is.
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I will be thankful to my dying day for my pilot and crewmate, Alpha, for saving our lives and ejecting us.
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So it was at the same time?
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We eject slightly different in an F -15 so that it will keep the two of you safe.
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And so there's a minor amount of time between the ejections.
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That extra couple of seconds will mean that there's some distance between the two of you at the ejection moment.
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How did that explosion impact to the plane affect the cockpit where you were?
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It damaged, catastrophically, many of the systems on the aircraft aircraft.
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That also includes my ejection seat.
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And I want the airmen that work diligently on the seat and on the equipment for our survival gear there to know,
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because I haven't had a chance to talk to them directly, that they did an incredible job.
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Because despite the damage to the aircraft, to include the damage to my ejection seat, it outperformed the design specifications and i call
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that a testament to their professionalism
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that gives actually gives me the chills i am incredibly proud of the men
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and women i serve with and i'm proud of the job
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that they do every day you believe it saved your life i do without their professionalism
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and their work the work of the maintainers that work on those
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that aircraft that allow it to survive even for that extra minute,
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because the systems that they keep in working order for us to employ mean that it's going to work that much longer, even under that much damage,
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is more a testament to them than I would say just the every day of getting that jet into the air.
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They're doing so under incredibly difficult circumstances right now.
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So your seat was damaged by Iranian fire, and yet you still were able to eject safely.
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I was.
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Did your parachute deploy?
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my parachute was damaged in the the initial attack at one point
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when I looked up and saw no parachute
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that was the most it was the most terrifying thing I've ever seen
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so I paused right then and I prayed Lord you will be done but if I'm getting through this I need help.
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While you're in the air.
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Yeah.
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Is that almost like free -falling or how would you describe that?
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Free -falling is a good way to put it.
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I wasn't focused on the speed at which I was falling.
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I was instead focused on trying to correct the problems
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that were in front of me and doing anything I could to unfurl or pull pieces of the parachute loose.
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In SEER training, so survival,
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evasion, resistance, escape, we're trained to work through problems not only through the ejection sequence but any survival scenario.
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And under considerations for parachute malfunctions, I never want to become a victim of my circumstances.
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And so I'll take the circumstances for what they are and then I'm going to keep moving forward in them.
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And that's what I tried to do in those moments.
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So how fast do you think you were going when you hit the ground?
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Professionals, based on my description and the injuries that I had, the professionals think I hit the ground going somewhere between 70 and 100 miles an hour.
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How did you survive that?
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a modern -day miracle.
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I believe that it's a testament to God's provision in my life to bring me through
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that moment in a way that didn't prevent injuries but prevented any catastrophic injuries that would have affected my ability to survive.
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And I'm grateful eternally for knowing that he was there with me.
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because you don't see any other explanation for how you survived.
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I don't think there can be.
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And I think the facts around my survival, the facts proven out by my medical records, the facts proven out by the equipment that was still there,
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I think they all determine that that is true.
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The fall broke Bravo's back.
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He also sustained a broken arm, broken shoulder, sprained ankle, and was bleeding from cuts and scrapes to his head and face.
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I had injuries, but we all trained to adapt and overcome the things that we're faced with.
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I moved as quickly as I could, despite the injuries, away from the place that I landed.
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Soon after the crash, an Iranian news anchor announced a bounty for the capture of the Americans.
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videos emerged on the internet of armed groups hunting for the down crew
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i can tell you for a fact that they were looking for me according to u .s military sources
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iranian forces got to within a few hundred meters of bravo walk me through what's going through your mind
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and what you have to do to evade capture
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or iranian fire those seer professionals trained me over 20 years ago in my case on setting priorities.
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So it's not just what you need to do, it's the time frame that you need to do them in.
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So for me, I was focused on things like getting away from the enemy, finding the right place to communicate,
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finding the way to hide or defeat the ways that the enemy might track me.
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It's dark, right?
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And can you tell me what you what you see around you it is dark
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but much like early morning hunting trips you know the Sun starts to come up
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and you can start to perceive elements of the environment around you Iran is the size of Alaska
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and in the heart of Iran where we were there are high desert valleys
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but also amazing craggly cliffs and
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so I find myself in one of those valleys with cliffs
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on either side why Why did you decide to make the decision to seek higher ground?
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Our training gives us indications of what we should do, but not necessarily what we should do in the circumstances we find ourselves.
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And so for me, I thought higher ground was going to give me the best chance of survival.
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Are you able at that point to communicate back to Central Command?
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I had communication equipment with me, but I did not immediately take the opportunity to communicate.
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I thought the priority should be getting away from that spot before someone else started showing up to look for me.
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Bravo told us the safest place for him to go was up, so he quickly made the decision,
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despite his broken bones, to hike and climb up a 7 ,000 -foot ridge line.
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Given your injuries, how did you find the strength to make it up the mountain?
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Never let a lack of motivation put you on Iranian TV.
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You were thinking that.
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Absolutely.
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Given the terrain that I faced,
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I think you'd find it surprising what I was able to go to overcome given those injuries.
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But I did it because of a warrior ethos that we talk about.
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My airmen that we led in theater had months of hearing about the importance of warrior ethos
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and how we are going to apply it.
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And I saw them apply that in the lead -up to the conflict, during the conflict, night after night,
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with unprecedented threats against them, and yet they're doing their job at a way that no one would have thought possible.
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I owed it to them to show the same warrior ethos in my situation
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and walk the same walk that I've been talking for months.
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As much as you can tell me, did you, you started to find a place to hide inside the mountain?
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What was your objective at that point?
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My objectives were to get away from my landing site
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and then find the best concealment I could in order to do the other things like communicate, consider my equipment, move up.
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But the specific elements of tradecraft or what I did, I'd rather not talk about,
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given the security concerns of an ongoing conflict.
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Did you have food and water on you?
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Typically, a survival kit, which is included in the seat, has food, water, additional survival equipment, some medical kit.
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But due to the damage of my seat, I did not have one of those with me.
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I did have a survival vest, which we all wear.
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So wearing what you see before you, plus a harness and a G -suit, things to help me in the flying aspect.
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Then on top of that is a survival vest that includes some basic signaling equipment, communication equipment, a very minimal amount of water,
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and a couple of other tools to help me survive.
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How did you deal with your injuries?
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I did my best given the things that we had.
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So the internal ones, there's not much to do about other than make allowances for them as I moved.
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The external ones that I did my best to stop the bleeding once there was an opportunity to do so.
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When were you first able to send a signal?
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As soon as I found a spot that I felt provided some concealment, I started working toward communication.
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At every opportunity that presented itself, I worked toward communicating with friendly forces.
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I did not allow that to be the priority over staying,
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over evading, or dealing with the environmental factors that were around me.
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Six hours in, the U .S was able to rescue Alpha, the pilot.
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This is declassified video of the risky daytime raid to pick him up.
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Two helicopters of the 21 aircraft deployed.
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Videos posted on social media showed American helicopters taking fire.
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Were you able to see the rescue operation of Alpha?
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I was.
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What was that like?
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It was the proudest dad moment of my life.
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And with apologies to my kids, I was deployed with those, many of those men and women on that rescue operation as part of my unit.
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I know they build an ethos around doing an extraordinary activities so that others may live.
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And to see it firsthand made me incredibly proud of them
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and of Americans like them that continue to raise their hand and say, here I am, send me.
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It's incredible to think that you had that vantage point to see your crewmate being rescued.
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I'm actually grateful for that.
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I would imagine that some would think it would provide a negative feeling, but instead it was only positive.
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It was a boon to my survival to know that America keeps its promise.
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and I get to see the people that I'm closest to, my teammates doing the thing that they say they're going to go do.
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And I get to see them upholding that with someone who I was flying with and I care deeply about.
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And why do you call it a dad moment?
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Proud dad moment.
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At this point in my career, in a fighter pilot career, I should be getting fitted for my rocking chair right now.
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And so I think I feel a bit of responsibility,
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not just my formal responsibility given my duties in the deployed environment,
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but a responsibility to make sure that they have the equipment that they need, the resources that they need,
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just like you equip your children to grow
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and be able to do the things that they want to do and follow their dreams.
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And then when you get to see them doing the thing that they have worked so hard toward,
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I think the only appropriate description is that it's a dad moment.
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The force that rescued Alpha also attempted to locate Bravo, but were unsuccessful and eventually withdrew.
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Then, as night fell on that first day in Iran, Bravo sent messages, I'm hurt, I'm moving, God is good.
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When I got to the moment where I could review and think about all that I'd gone through...
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I sent God is good as a recognition of all that he had brought me through,
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surviving the impact of the Iranian weapon, surviving my impact to the ground, and successfully evading people that were actively looking for me.
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I could only think of that as miraculous.
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How important has your faith been in all of this?
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I don't have this story without faith.
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I'm not saying faith is a replacement for training, but instead it is a boon to training.
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Training helps us understand what we do, but faith is the backstop of all of my actions during my time in Iran
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and the way that guides what I do day in and day out.
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Bravo would have to survive with almost no water
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and no food in the wind and the cold of the high mountain desert for another full day.
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What was your worst fear?
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My worst fear was letting the team that was working so diligently to rescue me down.
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I knew that they were going to come.
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I knew that America, whether it was one day or one year, was going to uphold its promise and rescue me.
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I had to do my part to give them time to effect that rescue.
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There was an Iranian search party that had assembled at the base of the mountain to come find you.
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You knew that the Iranians were trying to find you as well, right?
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I knew that they were coming.
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I saw...
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I knew for a fact that they were looking for me.
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Were you armed?
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I was.
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Did you consider what would happen if the Iranians had gotten close?
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I did.
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Yet, the thing that I was most focused on is what is next.
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I considered moving forward in my circumstances.
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And so, there was a problem before me.
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And time and again, I considered what is that problem?
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How would I overcome it?
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What's the next decision I need to make?
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And how would I take care of that?
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I did not focus in the least on things that were outside of my control.
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How cold was it at night?
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Were you able to stay warm?
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It was a high cliff in a somewhat desert -y environment with heavy winds.
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I did the best to stay warm given the circumstances and no additional survival equipment.
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It was really difficult.
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What I went through is difficult, but I think no more difficult,
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in fact, less difficult than what millions of Americans go through in difficult situations that they face.
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And it's made easier when there are people that surround you
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and encourage you and tell you to keep going because we're coming, or we're here to help you.
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And I had the exact same thing.
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In the end, it was the CIA that played a pivotal role, launching a multi -pronged campaign,
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which included deception to confuse Iranian forces and top -secret technology to pinpoint Bravo's exact location.
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To clear the way for his rescue, American bombers and drones hit Iran's Revolutionary Guard forces nearby,
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as seen in this newly declassified video.
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Nearly two days after Dude 4 -4 went down, it was time to go in for Bravo.
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The force came in on two large search and rescue planes and landed on a makeshift desert airstrip.
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They then unloaded small little bird helicopters, capable of reaching Bravo, on the ridgeline several miles away.
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This is Bravo on the ridgeline, waiting to be picked up.
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The Pentagon declassified this video of the rescue.
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The two service members on either side of Bravo were elite Air Force pararescue operators known in the military as PJs.
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The moment a PJ showed up to me on that ridgeline was one of the greatest moments of my life.
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And I don't know how to say it any more clearly than thank you for all that they did.
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What did your rescuers say when they got to you?
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The specific conversation, I think I'll leave for another time as I don't want to release anything that's not just my story to tell.
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What did you say to them?
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Let's go.
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Bravo was in American hands, but not out of danger.
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Back at the makeshift airstrip, the rescue plane's landing gear was stuck in the desert sand, and the planes could not take off.
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It took a clandestine unit of the U .S.
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Air Force to get Bravo and the 90 -plus special operators out of Iran.
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The U .S then bombed its own marooned aircraft, so no technology fell into Iranian hands.
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Fifty hours after being shot down, Bravo was finally safe, rescued as the sun came up on Easter Sunday.
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His wife waited for a call back home in the U .S.
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What was that call like?
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I was really proud of her, and grateful for the strength that she showed,
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and I looked forward to seeing her again.
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It's a reminder, as you say, about how families serve, the sacrifice of a whole family.
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My wife is an incredible example of what spouses and families across this nation go through
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when we send our sons and daughters to defend the nation.
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And I count myself blessed beyond measure to be married to such a wonderful woman.
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What do you want the American people to know about this rescue mission?
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This is not a story about what I went through.
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Instead, it's a story of the teamwork, the training, of the faith, of the decisions, the leadership to do something
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that will live in history as an example of what America is willing to do
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in order to uphold our promise and leave no man behind.
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Did you ever have any doubt that the U .S military was coming for you?
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Never a doubt.
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It's what we do.
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I have great faith in my Creator.
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Second only to that is my faith in the men
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and women of the United States military to do what we say we're going to do.
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You have put your life on the line to serve our country.
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Would you do it again?
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I intend to continue to serve in whatever capacity I can.
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And when we swear an oath to defend this nation and our Constitution,
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I think it's easier to do so knowing that we're doing it as a team, that you have warriors on the left and right of you that are going to continue to fight
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and answer the call when it goes out.
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I think about, too, the selfless sacrifice and service of
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so many of those you serve with and that came to rescue you and Alpha.
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Can you talk about that selfless sacrifice?
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The most important thing for me is that all of those involved in this rescue
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understand just how grateful I am for their work.
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It doesn't happen on a whim.
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It is years of professionalism and training that lead up to a moment like this.
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It takes dedication beyond belief, and I don't believe Americans even realize just how much of a lifetime of effort goes into accomplishing something
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that seems like it happened overnight.
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It was a miracle that all of those individuals chose to do what they did for their lifetime and for their profession,
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and I get to be the recipient of that hard work
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and now I sit here before you as evidence of real life miracles and the incredible professionalism of the United States military.
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Alpha's back flying for the Air Force.
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He declined our request for an interview, but he provided us with a statement.
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The statement reads, I am still in awe of the professionalism
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and tactical prowess of the combat search and rescue specialists
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and the joint force who executed the rescue missions of me and Dude 4 -4 Bravo, both those in theater and behind the scenes.
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Words cannot capture how thankful my family and I are
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and how proud I am to serve alongside each and every one of them.
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คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้
บทเรียนฝึกพูดระดับ B2 นี้ใช้วิดีโอ “Extended Interview: Air Force officer shot down in Iran on surviving behind enemy lines” เป็นสื่อ วิดีโอนี้มี 323 ประโยค และ 4166 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 29:06 ผู้พูดพูดด้วยความเร็วสม่ำเสมอ ประมาณ 143 คำต่อนาที เหมาะกับการฝึกพูดตาม 84% ของคำอยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ ส่วนที่เหลือควรดูไว้ก่อนเริ่มฝึก
คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้
คำที่ยากที่สุด 15 คำในวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:
| คำศัพท์ | คำอ่าน | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|
| professionalism คำนาม | /pɹəˈfɛʃənəˌlɪzəm/ | ความเป็นมืออาชีพ |
| parachute คำนาม | /ˈpæɹəʃut/ | ร่มชูชีพ, กระโดดร่ม |
| warrior คำนาม | /ˈwɔɹi.ɚ/ | นักรบ |
| testament คำนาม | /ˈtɛs.tə.mənt/ | พินัยกรรม |
| cliff คำนาม | /klɪf/ | ผา |
| miracle คำนาม | /ˈmɪɹ.ə.kəl/ | ปาฏิหาริย์ |
| helicopter คำนาม | /ˈheliːˌkɔptə(ɹ)/ | เฮลิคอปเตอร์ |
| assemble คำกริยา | /əˈsɛm.bəl/ | รวมตัว |
| bleed คำกริยา | /ˈbliːd/ | ตกเลือด |
| thankful คำคุณศัพท์ | /ˈθæŋkfəl/ | รู้คุณ, กตัญญู |
| scenario คำนาม | /sɪˈnɛəɹioʊ/ | ฉากทัศน์ |
| deception คำนาม | /dɪˈsɛpʃən/ | การหลอกลวง |
| daytime คำนาม | /ˈdeɪtaɪm/ | กลางวัน |
| perceive คำกริยา | /pɚˈsiv/ | รับรู้, เข้าใจ |
| bounty คำนาม | /ˈbaʊn(t)i/ | สินบน |
กริยาวลีที่คุณจะได้ยิน
| คำศัพท์ | ความหมาย |
|---|---|
| go out คำกริยา | ออก, ออกไป |
| leave behind คำกริยา | ลืม |
| pick up คำกริยา | ยก, หยิบ |
| take off คำกริยา | ถอด |
ประโยคที่ควรฝึกพูดซ้ำ
ประโยคสั้น ๆ ที่สมบูรณ์จากวิดีโอ ซึ่งนำไปใช้ในบทสนทนาประจำวันได้:
- Had you and your crewmate flown together before?
- You're on a nighttime mission, correct?
- When did you know something was going wrong?
- How did you survive that?
- What's the next decision I need to make?
ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้
โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:
| โครงสร้าง | ในวิดีโอ |
|---|---|
| Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ | was shot · are associated · was called |
| Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน | we've heard · I've talked · I've been |
| Relative clauses who / which + อนุประโยค — ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับคนหรือสิ่งของ | those who came · kit, which is · someone who I |
การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง
ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 56 ครั้ง เช่น I'm, we're, don't ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน
- เสียง “th”: ethos /ˈiθɑs/, thankful /ˈθæŋkfəl/, oath /ˈoʊθ/, thereafter /ˌðɛɹˈæf.tɚ/, withdraw /wɪðˈdɹɔ/
- เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: professionalism /pɹəˈfɛʃənəˌlɪzəm/, parachute /ˈpæɹəʃut/, ejection /əˈd͡ʒɛk.ʃən/, makeshift /ˈmeɪkˌʃɪft/, deception /dɪˈsɛpʃən/
- คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: professionalism /pɹəˈfɛʃənəˌlɪzəm/, declassify /diːˈklæsɪfaɪ/, helicopter /ˈheliːˌkɔptə(ɹ)/, diligently /ˈdɪlɪd͡ʒ(ə)ntli/, unprecedented /ʌnˈpɹɛsɪdɛntɪd/
เสียงที่คนไทยมักออกเสียงยาก:
- เสียงท้ายคำ — ออกเสียงให้ครบ ไม่เปลี่ยนเป็นตัวสะกดแบบไทย: ethos /ˈiθɑs/, cliff /klɪf/, miracle /ˈmɪɹ.ə.kəl/, mountainous /ˈmaʊn.tɪ.nəs/, assemble /əˈsɛm.bəl/
- /v/ — ไม่ใช่ /w/ ให้ฟันบนแตะริมฝีปากล่าง: bravo /ˈbɹɑvoʊ/, evade /ɪˈveɪd/, vest /vɛst/, evident /ˈɛv.ə.dənt/, perceive /pɚˈsiv/
- /z/ — เสียงก้อง ไม่ใช่ /s/: professionalism /pɹəˈfɛʃənəˌlɪzəm/, confuse /kənˈfjuːz/
วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้
- ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
- พูดตามทีละประโยคด้วยความเร็วปกติ ทำซ้ำแต่ละประโยคจนจังหวะของคุณตรงกับผู้พูด
- อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง professionalism, parachute, warrior เป็นพิเศษ
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ