ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: Barack Obama: The 2020 60 Minutes interview
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On election night 2016, then -President Barack Obama called Donald Trump at about 3 o 'clock in the morning to congratulate him,
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even though Mr. Trump had lost the popular vote and took the Electoral College by less than 1 % in three states.
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Today, President Trump declines to accept the verdict of the voters, despite losing by greater margins to President -elect Joe Biden.
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Mr. Obama hasn't spoken of the election standoff until today.
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We spoke to the 44th president on the release of his new book, A Promised Land, a memoir of his early years and first term.
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The story will continue in a moment.
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What is your advice in this moment for President Trump?
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Well, a president is a public servant.
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They are temporary occupants of the office by design.
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And when your time is up, then it is your job to put the country first
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and think beyond your own ego and your own interests and your own disappointments.
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My advice to President Trump is, if you want, at this late stage in the game, to be remembered as somebody who put country first,
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it's time for you to do the same thing.
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In your view, it is time for him to concede?
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Absolutely.
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Well, I mean, I think it was time for him to concede probably the day after the election, or at the latest two days after the election.
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When you look at the numbers objectively, Joe Biden will have one handily.
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There is no scenario in which any of those states would turn the other way,
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and certainly not enough to reverse the outcome of the election.
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More than the courtesy of a concession, the Trump White House is declining to free up the usual funds and facilities for the incoming administration.
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president -elect biden is not receiving secret national security briefings as mr trump did
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when he was president -elect what in your estimation would our
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adversaries be thinking right now russia china about the fact
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that the transition is not moving forward well i look i
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think our adversaries have seen uh us weakened uh not just as a consequence this election,
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but over the last several years.
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We have these cleavages in the body politic that they're convinced they can exploit.
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There's an old adage that partisan politics should stop at the water's edge, right?
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That when it comes to our foreign policy, that it is the United States of america not the divided
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states of america we met the former president at a symbol
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of america's past divisions the smithsonian's national portrait gallery was a hospital in the civil war clara barton
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and walt whitman cared for patients in the building where the
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16th president consoled his wounded we joined mr obama's peers in
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the gallery of the presidents to talk about his book i'm I'm curious about the title.
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I think a lot of people feel that we are farther from A Promised Land.
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Well, I titled it The Promised Land because even though we may not get there in our lifetimes,
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even if we experience hardships and disappointments along the way,
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that I at least still have faith we can create a more perfect union.
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Not a perfect union, but a more perfect union.
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You write in the book, our democracy seems to be teetering on the brink of a crisis.
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What do you mean?
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We have gone through a presidency that disregarded a whole host of basic institutional norms,
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expectations we have for a president that have been observed by Republicans and Democrats previously.
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And maybe most importantly, and most disconcertingly, what we've seen is what some people call truth decay,
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something that's been accelerated by outgoing President Trump.
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The sense that not only do we not have to tell the truth, but the truth doesn't even matter.
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What are these false claims?
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of widespread election fraud doing to our country right now?
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The president doesn't like to lose and never admits loss.
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I'm more troubled by the fact that other Republican officials who clearly know better are going along with this,
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are humoring him in this fashion.
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It is one more step in delegitimizing not just the incoming Biden administration, but democracy generally.
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And that's a dangerous path.
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We would never accept that out of our own kids behaving that way if they lost.
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I mean, if my daughters in any kind of competition pouted and then accused the other side of cheating when they lost,
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when there was no evidence of it, we'd scold him.
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You know, I think that there has been this sense over the last several years that
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literally anything goes and is justified in order to get power.
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And that's not unique to the United States.
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There are strongmen and dictators around the world who think that I can do anything to stay in power.
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I can kill people.
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I can throw them in jail.
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I can run phony elections.
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I can suppress journalists.
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But that's not who we're supposed to be.
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And one of the signals, I think, that Joe Biden needs to send to the world is that,
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no, Those values that we preached and we believed in and subscribed in, we still believe in.
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President -elect Biden won in this election more votes than anyone in history.
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And yet the 2020 vote wasn't a repudiation of Donald Trump.
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It was more like an affirmation.
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He received 71 million votes, 8 million more than he did in 2016.
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What does that tell you about our country today?
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Well, A, it tells us that we're very divided.
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And as I said, it's not just the politicians now.
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The voters are divided.
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It has now become a contest where issues,
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facts, policies per se don't matter as much as identity and wanting to beat the other guy,
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that's taken priority.
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I do think the current media environment adds to that greatly.
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This democracy doesn't work if we don't have an informed citizenry.
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This democracy doesn't work
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if we don't have responsible elected officials at other levels who are willing to call the president
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when he's not doing something right.
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Call him on it.
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It seems, though, Mr. President, that Americans have gone from disagreeing with one another to hating one another,
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a problem that this man had.
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You know, he's a good example of somebody who I think understood deeply
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the need to be able to see another person's point of view.
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How do we overcome where we are today?
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Well, there's no American figure that I admire any more than Abraham Lincoln,
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but he did end up with a civil war on his hands.
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I think we'd like to avoid that.
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I do think that a new president can set a new tone.
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That's not going to solve all the gridlock in Washington.
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I think we're going to have to work with the media
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and with the tech companies to find ways to inform the public better about the issues
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and to bolster the standards that ensure we can separate truth from fiction.
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I think that we have to work at a local level.
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When you start getting to the local level, mayors, county commissioners, etc., they've actually got to make real decisions.
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It's not abstractions.
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It's like, we need to fix this road.
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We need to get this snow plowed.
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We need to make sure our kids have a safe playground to play in.
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And at that level, I don't think people have
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that kind of.. visceral hatred
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and that's where we have to start in terms of rebuilding
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the social trust we need for democracy to work mr obama
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is speaking after four years of virtual silence on donald trump
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he followed a traditional commandment largely observed since adam succeeded washington
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thou shall not criticize your successor in a promised land he wonders if that was a mistake In your book,
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you ask, quote, whether I was too tempered in speaking the truth, too cautious in word or deed.
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Many Americans, Mr. President, believe you were too cautious, too tempered.
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Yeah.
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And I think that's a legitimate and understandable criticism.
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At the end of the day,
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I consistently tried to treat my political opposition in the ways I'd want to be treated,
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to not overreact when, for example,
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somebody yells, you lie, in the middle of me giving a joint congressional address.
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It's not true.
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I understand why there were times where my supporters wanted me to be more pugilistic,
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to, you know, pop folks in the head and duke it out a little bit more.
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Was it a mistake that you didn't?
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Every president brings a certain temperament to office.
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I think part of the reason I got elected was because I sent a message that fundamentally,
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i believe the american people are good and decent and that politics doesn't have to be
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some cage match in in which everybody is is going at each other's throats
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and that we can agree without being disagreeable there have been worse presidential transitions than 2020.
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the southern states seceded while lincoln was president -elect still we couldn't help but notice outside the National Portrait Gallery,
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businesses are still boarded up against the fear of political violence.
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What should President Trump do on this next inauguration day?
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Look, there are a set of traditions that we have followed in the peaceful transfer of power.
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The outgoing president congratulates the incoming president, instructs the government
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and the agencies to cooperate with the new government coming in you invite the president -elect to the Oval Office
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and then on inauguration day the president invites the president -elect to the White House there's a small reception
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and then you drive to the inauguration site
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and the outgoing president sits there is part of the audience as the new president is sworn in
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and at that point The outgoing president is a citizen like everybody else
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and owes the new president the chance to do their best on behalf of the American people.
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Whether Donald Trump will do the same thing, we'll have to see.
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So far, that's not been his approach.
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But, you know, hope springs eternal.
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There's a promised land out there somewhere.
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Two hours after Mr. Obama said that, President Trump tweeted from the White House,
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we will win, even though no state is reporting fraud or errors that could change the outcome.
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We'll be back with Barack Obama on other crises in our country and one in his own home.
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During Barack Obama's first inauguration in 2009, unknown to the public, there was intelligence that a terrorist attack was planned.
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President Obama had at the podium instructions he would read to
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the crowd should there be an evacuation of nearly two million people from the National Mall.
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This is one of the insights in Mr. Obama's new book, A Promised Land, a memoir of his early years,
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his historic election, and his first term.
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We spoke to the 44th president about battles past and present.
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The story will continue in a moment.
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Did you watch the video of George Floyd's strangulation? Of course.
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It was heartbreaking.
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Very rarely, though, did you see it so viscerally
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and over a stretch of time where the humanity of the victim is so apparent,
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the pain and the vulnerability of someone so clear,
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and it was, I think, a moment in which America America,
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for a brief moment, came face to face with a reality that African Americans in this country,
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I think, had understood for quite some time.
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And I was heartened and inspired by the galvanizing effect that it had on the country as a whole.
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The fact that it wasn't just black people,
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it wasn't just so quote -unquote liberals who were appalled by it, reacted to it, and eventually marched, but it was everybody.
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And it was a small first step in the kind of reckoning with our past
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and our present that so often we avoid.
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But, Mr. President, Trayvon Martin, Tamir Rice, Breonna Taylor, George Floyd,
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why is this injustice never overcome?
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Well, for a couple of reasons.
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One is that we have a criminal justice system in which we ask,
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oftentimes very young, oftentimes not very well -trained officers,
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to go into communities and just keep a lid on things.
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And we don't try to get at some of the underlying causes for chronic poverty.
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So if we're going to actually solve this problem, there are some specific things we can do to make sure
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that our contracts with police officers don't completely insulate them when they do something wrong,
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putting money into budgets for training these police officers more effectively,
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teaching police officers not to escalate, but to de -escalate.
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But it's important for us not to let ourselves off the hook and think this is just a police problem.
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Because those shootings, that devaluation of life,
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is part and parcel with a legacy of discrimination and Jim Crow and segregation that we're all responsible for.
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And if we're going to actually put an end to racial bias in the criminal justice system,
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then we're going to have to work on doing something about racial bias in corporate America
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and bias in where people can buy homes.
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And that is a larger project in which all of the good news is all of us can take some responsibility.
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We can all do better on this front than we've been doing.
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Scott, how are you?
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Elbow bump? i'm well mr president we joined the president this past wednesday behind masks
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and then kept our distance as the u .s counted 143 000 known covet infections
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that day a new record mr obama had also faced an
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outbreak in his first term a new flu h1n1 i was terrified of it
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and very quickly mobilized a team to figure out how are we going to take the best possible approach
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and from the start i had some very clear criteria which was number one we're going to follow the science
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and the second thing was let's make sure we're providing good information the american people
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but h1n1 was not as contagious nor as lethal as covid it ultimately killed 12 000 americans
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other battles in his book include the financial crisis passing the
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affordable care act the decision to kill osama bin laden and leaving eight years of work in the hands of another
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you begin the book by writing about the day that you left washington
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quote to someone diametrically opposed to everything we stood for
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that may be the one One thing that Donald Trump
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and I agree on is that he doesn't agree with me on anything.
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I don't see him as the cause for our divisions and the problems with our government.
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I think he's an accelerant, but they preceded him.
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And, sadly, are going to likely outlast them.
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You write in the book that Republicans had a battle plan to, quote, refuse to work with me regardless of the circumstances,
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the issue, or the consequences for the country.
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Now, the same might be said of Democrats in a Republican administration.
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I wonder if today you think that Democrats and Republicans are no longer capable of compromise.
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First of all, I don't think this is just a plague on both their houses here.
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So the Democrats opposed George Bush on a whole bunch of stuff,
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but Ted Kennedy worked with George Bush to pass a prescription drug plan for seniors.
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Nancy Pelosi, who adamantly opposed the war in Iraq time
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and again voted even when her base was angry about it to make sure
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that our troops were funded once the decision to send in
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troops to Iraq went in mr. Obama blames gridlock on something old
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and something new the Senate's filibuster tradition
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which allows whatever party is in the minority to block legislation and non -traditional media the media
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landscape has changed and as a consequence voters perceptions have changed
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so that I think Democratic
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and Republican voters have become much more partisan I would often
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hear this from Republicans during my presidency some of these folks
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had been colleagues of mine I would I served in the Senate some of them were friends of mine
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and they would confess to me I said look mr. president I know you're right
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but if I vote with you on this I'm gonna get killed.
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I'll lose my seat." Because what had happened is their voter base had soaked in so much information that was demonizing me,
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demonizing the Affordable Care Act, that it becomes very difficult, even for folks who want to cooperate, to cooperate.
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And that's why I am somebody who does not blame the current partisanship solely on Donald Trump or solely on social media.
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You already saw some of these trends taking place early in my presidency, but I do think they've kept on getting worse.
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The former president also writes about his unlikely rise, including the obstacles at home.
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You're surprisingly honest in the book about your wife's opposition to you running for president in 2008.
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You quote her as saying, the answer is no. I do not want you running for president.
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God, Barack, when is it going to be enough?
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Did I get the tone right?
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It was a little sharper than that, but it was pretty good, Scott.
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And then she walks out of the room.
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Why did that not stop you?
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Look, it's a legitimate question.
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Keep in mind the context here.
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We had just two years earlier, I'd run for the U .S.
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Senate in an unlikely race.
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Two years before that, I had run for Congress.
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In a race you lost.
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In a race I lost.
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A couple of years before that, I'd run for the state Senate.
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We've got two young kids.
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Michelle's still working.
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And I ask myself in the book, you know, how much of this is just megalomania?
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How much of this is vanity?
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How much of this is me trying to prove something to myself?
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And over time, she made a conclusion that I shouldn't stand in the way of this.
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That she should not stand in the way of your ambitions to be president.
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Yeah, and she did so grudgingly.
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And the fact that I ended up winning didn't necessarily alleviate her frustration,
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because the toll it takes on families is real.
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I think it's only after you emerge from an all -consuming job
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that you realize that everything you hold dear is thanks to the one you love.
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I think I actually realized that even while I was in the job.
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The fact that she put up with it
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and forgave me it was uh an act of of grace
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that i uh am grateful for uh
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and i'm not sure i deserved it the goal here scott
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today at age 59 mr obama is working on his presidential center
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so this is going to be on the south side of chicago in historic jackson park
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and uh it's it's the place where michelle
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and I met where I first started in public life his
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team brought this model to show us mr obama's foundation has
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raised from private donations a little over half the estimated 500
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million dollar cost it'll take about four years once they start
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it's going to be a place where you know we have the standard model oval office
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and michelle's dresses which will be very popular no doubt
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but also you know a whole host of facilities
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that allow us to provide classroom training to young people who are interested in public service
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and you know to beautify a park that can serve a whole bunch of young people who've been
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underserved in the past in his last moments in the oval
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office mr obama left a note in the president's desk for
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his successor it read in part we are just temporary occupants of this office
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it's up to us to leave the instruments of our democracy at least as strong as we found them
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on that last day the emotions really focus on the team
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that you've been working on and it's very rare outside of maybe wartime,
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where you get a collection of people working together in a sustained way under that kind of pressure and stress.
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And so there's a melancholy to it.
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There was also, though, and I write about this, a satisfaction in knowing that I had finished the job, I had run my stretch of the race,
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and I could say unequivocally,
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despite regrets and disappointments about some things not getting done um the country was better off uh
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when i left than when i when i got there producer maria gavrilović uncovering barack obama since 2007 at 60minutesovertime .com
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สิ่งที่คุณจะได้เรียนรู้
จากการสนทนาในวิดีโอนี้ คุณจะได้เรียนรู้ทักษะการพูดที่สำคัญ 3 ประการ ได้แก่:
- การแสดงออกทางอารมณ์ - คุณจะเห็นวิธีที่ผู้พูดใช้เสียงและน้ำเสียงในการสื่อสารอารมณ์และความคิดของเขา
- การใช้วลีที่สำคัญ - มีวลีที่ใช้บ่อยในบริบททางการเมืองและการสื่อสารในที่สาธารณะที่คุณสามารถนำไปใช้ได้
- การสร้างการเชื่อมโยง - เรียนรู้วิธีการเชื่อมโยงประโยคและความคิดเพื่อให้การสนทนาดูมีความต่อเนื่อง
ฟังเสียงเหล่านี้
ในการสนทนานี้ คุณจะสังเกตเห็นการใช้ เชื่อมเสียง ซึ่งเป็นเทคนิคที่ช่วยให้การพูดเป็นไปอย่างราบรื่นและเป็นธรรมชาติ ตัวอย่างเช่น การใช้เสียงเชื่อมระหว่างคำที่ทำให้ไม่ต้องหยุดพูดบ่อยเกินไป
นอกจากนี้ยังมี การลดเสียง ในบางคำ เช่น คำว่า “what” ที่อาจจะฟังเหมือน “wha'” เมื่อพูดเร็ว ซึ่งเป็นสิ่งที่คุณควรฝึกฝนเพื่อพัฒนาทักษะการ ปรับปรุงการออกเสียงภาษาอังกฤษ ของคุณ
พูดอย่างคนพื้นเมือง
ในการเลียนแบบการพูดของผู้พูดในวิดีโอนี้ ควรให้ความสำคัญกับ จังหวะ และ การเน้นเสียง ที่ถูกต้อง เช่น การเน้นที่คำสำคัญในประโยคเพื่อสื่อสารความหมายได้อย่างชัดเจน
คุณสามารถฝึกการ shadow speak หรือที่เรียกว่า shadowspeak โดยการพูดตามในจังหวะเดียวกับที่ผู้พูดพูด เพื่อให้คุณสามารถเข้าใจและใช้ shadow speech ได้อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ
การทำเช่นนี้จะช่วยให้คุณสามารถพัฒนาทักษะการพูดภาษาอังกฤษให้มีความคล่องแคล่วและเป็นธรรมชาติมากขึ้น
ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้
โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:
| โครงสร้าง | ในวิดีโอ |
|---|---|
| Present perfect continuous have/has been + -ing — การกระทำที่เริ่มก่อนหน้านี้และยังดำเนินอยู่ | we've been doing · you've been working |
| Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน | hasn't spoken · have seen · have gone |
| Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ | be remembered · have been observed · been accelerated |
| Relative clauses who / which + อนุประโยค — ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับคนหรือสิ่งของ | somebody who put · somebody who I · criteria which was |
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ