ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: From the 60 Minutes Archive: Steve Jobs
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60 Minutes Rewind Seven years ago, Steve Jobs asked
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Walter Isaacson, a former editor of Time magazine, if he would write his biography.
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Isaacson, who has done books about Benjamin Franklin and Albert Einstein, thought the request presumptuous and premature since Jobs was still a young man.
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What Isaacson didn't know at the time, and only a few people did,
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was that Jobs was about to undergo surgery for pancreatic cancer and was feeling his mortality.
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It speaks to the secrecy with which
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Jobs conducted his life and his business, adding mystery to an already compelling figure.
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In 2009, with Jobs already gravely ill, Isakson began the first of more than 40 interviews with him.
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The last was conducted a few weeks before his death some of them were tape recorded
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and you will hear parts of them tonight i have no skeletons in my closet
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that can't be allowed out jobs said
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and like a well -timed apple launch the book titled simply steve jobs will be in stores tomorrow just two
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and a half weeks after he died
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when walter isaacson first began working on the book which is published by simon and schuster a division of CBS, Steve Jobs' wife, Lorene Powell,
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told him, be honest with his failings as well as his strengths.
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There are parts of his life and his personality that are extremely messy.
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You shouldn't whitewash it.
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I'd like to see that it's all told truthfully.
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He's not warm and fuzzy, you know.
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And to do it, Isaacson interviewed more than 100 people, Jobs' friends, family, co -workers, and competitors.
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I think it's a tough book.
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It's a book that's fair.
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I mean, this is a real human being.
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He had lots of flaws.
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He was very petulant.
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He was very brittle.
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He could be very, very mean to people at times.
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And whether it was to a waitress in a restaurant or to a guy who had stayed up all night coding,
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he could just really just go at them and say, you're doing this all wrong.
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It's horrible.
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And you'd say, why did you do that?
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Why weren't you nicer?
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And he'd say, I really want to be with people who demand perfection
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and this is who i am isaacson believes
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that much of it can be traced to the earliest years of his life
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and to the fact that jobs was born out of wedlock given up by his birth parents
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and adopted by a working -class couple from mountain view california
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paul jobs was a salt of the earth guy who was a great mechanic
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and he taught his son steve how to make great things
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and he once they were building a fence
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and he said you got to make the back of the fence
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that nobody will see just as good -looking as the front
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of the fence even though nobody will see it you will know
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and that will show that you're dedicated to making something perfect jobs always knew he was adopted
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but it still had a profound effect on him he told Isaacson
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this story from his early childhood during one of their many taped interviews
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now I I remember right here on the lawn telling Lisa McMorler, who lived across the street, that I was adopted.
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And she said, so does that mean your real parents didn't want you?
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Ooh, lightning bolts in my eye.
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I remember running into the house, I think I was probably crying, asking my parents.
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And they sent me down, they said, no, you don't understand.
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They said, we specifically picked you out.
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They said, from then on, I realized that I was not just abandoned.
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I was chosen.
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I was special.
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And I think that's the key to understanding Steve Jobs.
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Another factor was geography.
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Jobs grew up in Northern California, not far from Palo Alto.
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He was a gifted child who tested off the charts in a neighborhood populated by engineers.
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He was raised in a place I was just learning how to turn silicon into gold.
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It had not yet been named Silicon Valley, but you had the defense industry,
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you had Hewlett -Packard, but you also had the counterculture, the Bay Area.
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That entire brew came together in Steve Jobs.
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He was sort of a hippie -ish rebel kid, loved listening to Dylan music, dropped acid, but also he loved electronics.
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Jobs would eventually cross paths with a computer wizard at Berkeley, five years his senior, named Steve Wozniak.
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They became fast friends, sharing a love of high -tech pranks and a disdain for authority.
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One of the things they did was to copy and improve an illicit device called the Blue Box,
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which reproduced the tones that the phone company used and allowed users to make free long -distance phone calls.
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Wozniak loves the Blue Box.
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He's doing it as a prank.
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Steve says, we can sell them.
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We can market them.
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And they sold about 100 of them, and Jobs said to me, that's the beginning of Apple.
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When we started doing that blue box, I knew that with Wozniak's brilliant designs and my marketing skills, we could sell anything.
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That was still a few years off.
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Jobs enrolled at Reed College in Oregon at a time when Timothy Leary was telling students across the country to turn on,
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tune in, and drop out.
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Jobs did after one semester.
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The time we grew up in was a magical time.
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It was also a very, you know, spiritual time in my life.
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Definitely taking LSU is one of the most important things in my life.
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And not the most important but
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but right up there he eventually drifted back to his parents house
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and became one of the first 50 employees to work for the video game maker atari
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but he was not a big hit with his co -workers
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never wore shoes had very long hair never bathed in fact
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when he went to work for atari they put him on the night ships
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because people said he smelled so bad that they didn't want to work with him.
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You know, he believed that his vegan diet
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and the way he lived made it so he didn't have to use deodorant or shower that often.
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It was an incorrect theory, as people kept pointing out to him at Atari.
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You know, he was a pretty abrasive and in some ways, you know, cantankerous character.
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But these people at Atari, they kind of get them and they say, well, we don't want you to leave,
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but how about working the night shift?
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Jobs took a leave from Atari
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and spent seven months wandering across india looking for spiritual enlightenment
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and it turned out not to be a waste of time
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and when he comes back he says the main thing i've learned is intuition
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that the people in india are not just pure rational thinkers
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that the great spiritual ones also have an intuition likewise the simplicity of zen buddhism really informed his design sense
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that notion that simplicity is the ultimate sophistication
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when he returned from his trek jobs and wozniak started building and peddling a primitive computer for hobbyists.
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With a $1 ,300 investment, they founded Apple Computer in his parents' garage.
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Explain to me how somebody who was a hippie, a college dropout, somebody who drops LSD and marijuana,
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goes off to India and comes back deciding he wants to be a businessman.
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Jobs has within him sort of this conflict, but he doesn't quite see it as a conflict,
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between being hippie -ish and anti -materialistic but wanting to sell things like Wozniak's board, wanting to create a business.
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And I think that's exactly what
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Silicon Valley was all about in those days.
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Let's do a startup in our parents' garage and try to create a business.
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So we don't have to work for somebody else.
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Right.
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And Steve Jobs wasn't all that eager to be an employee at Hewlett Packard.
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He was never much of an engineer.
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Isaacson said he didn't know how to write code or program a computer.
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That was Wozniak's department but Jobs understood their importance and their future.
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He was obsessed with making an attractive, simple, inexpensive computer, the Apple II, marketed as the first home computer.
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It really didn't do much, but tech -savvy people snapped them up, along with school systems.
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And as he tells Isaacson on tape, he was soon worth millions of dollars.
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It wasn't very many years before, on paper, we were worth a lot of money.
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I was like 25 when we were worth maybe $50 million.
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I knew I never had to worry about money again.
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And so I went from not worrying about money
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because I was pretty poor to not worrying about money because I had a lot of money.
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Jobs becomes rich.
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Jobs becomes wildly rich.
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Makes about 100 people millionaires when Apple goes public.
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One of the things he does though that still caused a little ill will,
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there were old friends, He used to be with them in the garage, his parents' garage.
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And they were working at Apple, but they hadn't quite gotten to the level of chief engineer.
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So they got no stock options.
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Wozniak, being incredibly generous, is giving away his stock options, trying to make everybody a millionaire.
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And Steve Jobs is, like, very strict on who can get the stock options.
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One of the people who didn't get them was Daniel Kotke, who had been with Jobs at Reed College,
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in India, and in the garage where Apple was founded.
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And at one point tries to go to Steve and just starts crying.
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But Steve can be very cold about these things.
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Finally, one of the engineers at Apple said, you know, we have to take care of your buddy Daniel.
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I'll give him some stock if you match it or whatever.
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And Jobs says, yeah, I'll match it.
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I'll give zero, you give zero.
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It was not the only instance of this callous behavior during that time period.
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Just before Apple went public, his longtime girlfriend became pregnant, producing a daughter, Lisa.
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Jobs, who had himself been born out of wedlock and abandoned, denied paternity and refused to pay support until the courts intervened.
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His behavior was typical of a phenomenon that Apple employees openly referred to as Steve's reality distortion field, a term out of Star Trek.
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The ability to convince himself and others to believe almost anything using his indomitable will
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and charisma to bend any fact to suit his purpose.
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When he was creating the original Macintosh, Steve Jobs would come in and he would say, we need to have this done by next month.
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And people would say, no, no, you can't actually write this much code by next month.
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And he would say, yes, you can do it.
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And in the end, he would not take no for an answer, and he would sort of make the dent in the universe he wanted to.
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He would bend reality, and they would accomplish it.
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The reality distortion field.
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It seems like sometimes you use it, that phrase, to speak to what you see as sort of a self -delusion.
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He could drive himself by magical thinking, by believing something that the rest of us couldn't possibly believe.
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And sometimes it worked, sometimes it didn't.
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And at the root of this reality distortion theory,
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Isaacson says, was Jobs' belief that he was special and chosen and that the rules didn't apply to him.
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He had a great
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Mercedes sports coupe with no license plate on it.
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That was his affectation.
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No license plate?
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He always believed, I said, why don't you have a license plate?
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At one point he said, well, I don't want people following me.
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I don't want people, and I said, well, having no license plate is actually more noticeable.
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He said, yeah, you're probably right.
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You know why I don't have a license plate?
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I said, why?
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He said, because I don't have a license plate.
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And I think he felt the normal rules just shouldn't apply to him.
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And he had his little everyday acts of rebellion that were showing, hey, I'm a little bit different.
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Parking in handicapped spots.
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Yeah, I mean, he always kind of felt, I don't succumb to authority.
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So, you know, that's just who he is.
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That disregard for the establishment helped him achieve some of his biggest successes, allowing him to see products and applications that no one else imagined.
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So in 1984, Apple introduced a truly revolutionary product, the Macintosh.
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It used graphics, icons, a mouse, and the point -and -click technology that is still standard.
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It was innovative and influential, but sales were disappointing, and Jobs' confrontational management style became even more brittle.
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He would try and rationalize it in this taped interview with Isakson.
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I feel totally comfortable going in front of everybody else.
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You know, God, we really f*ed up the engineering on this, didn't we?
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That's the ante for being in the room.
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So we're brutally honest with each other, and all of them can tell me they think I'm full of s*,
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And I can tell anyone I think they're full of st.
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And we've had some rip -roaring arguments where we're yelling at each other.
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Jobs loved the arguments, but not everybody else did.
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And Isaacson writes that some of his top people began defecting.
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He was not the world's greatest manager.
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In fact, he could have been one of the world's worst managers.
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You know, he was always, you know, upending things and, you know, throwing things into turmoil.
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This made great products, but it didn't make for a great management style.
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Jobs would eventually provoke a boardroom showdown with Apple president John Scully over who should lead the company.
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The board chose Scully.
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So he was out of his own company?
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Kicked out of his own company, and you know, he always had that feeling of abandonment.
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There was nothing worse than being abandoned by Apple.
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He sold his stock and used the company to start a new venture called Next Computer, which made great products that no one bought.
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But Jobs would be saved by a tiny company that he acquired from George Lucas for $5 million.
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Pixar Studios would eventually revolutionize movie animation and make
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Jobs a multi -billionaire.
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Apple hadn't done so well.
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And a decade after
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Jobs left, it decided to buy
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Next Computer and the services of Jobs as a consultant, but he would soon take over as CEO.
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And when he goes back, it's almost bankrupt.
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It's like 90 days away from bankruptcy.
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They're totally out of money, and it's lost its way totally.
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So he says, here's the 27, 30 things you're making, printers or whatever, and he draws a chart that just has four squares.
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He says, professional, home consumer, laptop, desktop.
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We're going to make four computers.
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He retrenched, firing 3 ,000 people, and launched a new advertising campaign.
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Here's to the crazy ones.
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The misfits.
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The rebels.
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The troublemakers.
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Steve Jobs helped write that himself.
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He edited it under, he put in, they changed the world.
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By the end, Jobs, along with four or five other people, have written this not as an ad copy, but as a manifesto.
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They push the human race forward.
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And while some may see them as the crazy ones, we see genius.
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Because the people who are crazy enough to think they can change the world are the ones who do.
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The campaign announced what would become the biggest comeback in business history, and it did change the world.
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That, Steve Jobs searched for his birth parents and his battle with cancer when 60 Minutes returns.
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The story will continue after this.
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When Steve Jobs returned to Apple in 1997, the company had just 5 % of the computer market and was almost broke.
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When Jobs died of cancer 14 years later, Apple was the second most valuable corporation in the world, just slightly behind ExxonMobil.
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In his new biography of Jobs, Walter Isaacson writes that he revolutionized or reimagined seven industries,
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personal computers, animated movies, music, telephones, tablet computing, digital publishing, and retail stores.
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He did it, Isaacson says, by standing at the crossroads of science and the humanities,
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connecting creativity with technology and combining leaps of imagination with feats of engineering to produce new devices
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that consumers hadn't even thought of.
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Thank you for coming.
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We're going to make some history together today.
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If you had to pick a day where it all came together, January 9, 2007, is not a bad one.
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Jobs is in San Francisco at the Macworld conference in full
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pitch man mode as he unveils his latest product to the faithful.
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These are not three separate devices.
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This is one device.
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And we are calling it iPhone.
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It is not only a remarkable achievement, but a validation of everything that
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Jobs believed in.
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If you made and controlled all of your own hardware and all of your own software,
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you could integrate all of your products and all of your content seamlessly into one digital hub.
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And no one but Steve Jobs had thought of it.
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This is something
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Microsoft couldn't do because it made software but not the hardware.
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It's something Sony couldn't do because it made a lot of devices but it didn't really make software operating system.
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And so the only company
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that had end -to -end control was Apple biographer walter isaacson writes
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that jobs had created a walled garden
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if you wanted to use any of his products
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it was easier to buy into the whole apple ecosystem
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it was something only a complete control freak could have pulled off his personality passions products
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and private life were all intertwined and closely guarded the more of it
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that walter isaacson got to see the more
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he learned what was his house like his house in palo
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alto is a house on a normal street with a normal sidewalk, no big winding driveway, no big security fences.
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You could drive in the driveway?
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You could walk into the garden in the back gate and open the back door to the kitchen, which used to not be locked.
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It was a normal family home, and he said, I wanted to live in a normal place where the kids could walk,
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the kids could go over to other people's houses,
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and I did not want to live that nutso -lavish lifestyle that so many people do when they get rich.
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There was no live -in help and no entourage.
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He was worth $7 billion, but not materialistic.
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And he told Isaacson in a taped interview that he had learned early on what money could do to people.
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I saw a lot of other people at Apple, especially after we went public, how it changed them.
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And a lot of people thought they had to start being rich.
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So they would, I mean, a few people went out and bought
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Rolls Royces, and they bought homes and their wives got plastic surgery.
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And I saw these people who were really nice, simple people turn into these bizarro people.
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And I made a promise to myself.
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I said, I'm not going to let this money ruin my life.
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Do you have a picture of the family?
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Oh, sure.
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Isaacson showed us some personal family pictures that
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Jobs had given him for his book shortly before he died.
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It was a look into a part of Jobs' life that few people had seen.
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This is Lorene, that's Aaron, Reed, Eve, and this is on their family vacation.
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Jobs married Lorene Powell 20 years ago, a former investment banker who could hold her own with her mercurial husband.
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And she's a great balance.
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He knows to pick strong people to be around him.
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And he sure did when he married Lorene.
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Now this is Reed.
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Reed, his son.
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Reed is very much like his father, except for he has his mother's kindness.
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Eve is a great horseback rider.
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Eve, I think, might someday be in the Olympics with horseback riding.
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Aaron has a great sense of design.
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He's a really cool kid.
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His fourth child is Lisa Brennan Jobs, the daughter Jobs had with his girlfriend 33 years ago and neglected for more than a decade,
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until she moved in with the family as a teenager.
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Isaacson said their reconciliation was important to Jobs because his own birth parents had abandoned him.
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He felt there was a hole.
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He felt something was missing.
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In 1986, he began searching for his biological mother and found Joanne Scheibel Simpson living in Los Angeles.
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Did she know that her son, the son that she gave up, was Steve Jobs?
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No. But she says to him, there's one thing I have to tell you.
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You have a sister.
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And the sister I raised, we did not put up for adoption.
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And I must tell her, because I've never told this.
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And the sister turns out to be Mona Simpson, the novelist.
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And Mona Simpson and Steve Jobs totally bond, separated at birth, as they say.
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And then they go on a quest, a journey, to find the birth father.
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Especially Mona wants to find what she calls the lost father.
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Eventually, they locate Abdul Fadda John Jandali, a Syrian -American with a Ph .D in political science who is managing a restaurant in Sacramento.
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But as Jobs tells Isaacson on tape, he decides to let
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Mona go meet him alone.
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When I was looking for my biological mother, obviously, you know, I was looking for my biological father at the same time.
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And I learned a little bit about him, and I didn't like what I learned.
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And I asked her to not tell him that we had ever met and not tell him anything about me.
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So Mona goes to the coffee shop, meets this guy, Mr. Jindali, who's running it, who says, among other things, when she asks,
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you know, how sorry he is, but then he says that he had had another child.
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And Mona said, what happened to him?
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He said, oh, I don't know.
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We'll never hear from him again.
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And then he says, I wish you could have seen me when I was running a bigger restaurant.
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I used to run one of the best restaurants in Silicon Everybody used to come there, even Steve Jobs used to eat there.
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And Mona is sort of taken aback and bites her tongue and doesn't say, Steve Jobs is your son.
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But she looks shocked and he says, yeah, he was a great tipper.
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And I was in that restaurant once or twice.
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And I remember meeting the owner who was from Syria.
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And it was most certainly him.
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And I shook his hand and he shook my hand and that's all.
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And Jobs never spoke to him, never talked to him, never got in touch with him, never wanted to see him.
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Not even when Jobs was on his deathbed.
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The cancer that eventually killed him was discovered accidentally while he was being checked for kidney stones back in 2004.
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A CAT scan showed a shadow on his pancreas that turned out to be a malignant tumor.
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And then they do a biopsy
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and they're very emotional they say this is good
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it's one of these very slow growing five percent of pancreatic cancers
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that can actually be cured
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but steve jobs doesn't get operated on right away
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he tries to treat it with diet he goes to spiritualists
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he goes to various ways of of of doing it macrobiotically
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and he doesn't get an operation why doesn't he get it operated on immediately you know i've asked him
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that he said I didn't want my body to be open
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and soon everybody is telling him quit trying to treat it with all these roots
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and vegetables and things just get operated on
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but he does it nine months later too late well one assumes it's too late
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because by the time they operate on them they notice
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that it is spread to the tissues around the pancreas how
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could such a smart man do such a stupid thing yeah i think
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that he kind of felt that if you ignore something
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if you don't want something to exist you can have magical thinking
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and it worked for him in the past he regretted
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you know some of the decisions he made
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and certainly i think he felt he should have been operated on sooner jobs acknowledged his surgery
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but soft peddled the seriousness of the situation
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isaacson writes he continued to receive secret cancer treatments even though he was telling telling everyone he had been cured.
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And that is what people believed until 2008.
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In 2008, he unveiled the iPhone 3.
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But that wasn't the main story.
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All of a sudden people are gasping because he's lost so much weight.
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He looks so frail and suddenly people are realizing that he's very sick again
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He denies it publicly he puts out things that there's a hormone imbalance
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Which has a tiny kernel of truth to it because his liver was secreting the wrong hormones
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But it wasn't just a hormonal imbalance it's because the cancer had gone to his liver
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And he's trying to deny it to himself and to the public and this is a problem of course
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It's a legal problem well it's a publicly traded company
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and you have a great tension between two principles one of
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which is you can't withhold material information from shareholders the other
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is there's a certain privacy rights of the ceo jobs finally took a medical leave of absence
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and in march of 2009 received a secret liver transplant in memphis that wasn't publicly acknowledged until three months later
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the doctors who did the operation could tell that the cancer had spread
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but jobs returned to work to unveil the ipad
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and continued working right up until the end what were those last two
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and a half years of his life like he talked a lot to me about what happened
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when he got sick
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and how it focused him he said
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he no longer wanted to go out no longer want to travel the world he would focus
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on the products he knew the couple of things he wanted to do
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which was the iphone
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and then the ipad he had a few other visions
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i think he would have loved to have conquered television he would love to make an easy -to -use television set.
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So he had those things.
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But he started focusing on his family again as well.
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And it was a painful, brutal struggle.
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And he would talk often to me about the pain.
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In their final meetings, Jobs would occasionally bring up the subject of death.
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I saw my life as an arc.
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And that it would end.
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And compared to that, nothing mattered you know I mean you're born alone you're gonna die alone and
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does anything else really matter I mean what exactly is it
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that you have to lose do you you know there's nothing he survived nearly eight years with his cancer
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and in the final meeting with Isaacson in mid -august still held out hope
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that there might be one new drug
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that could save him he asked me at one point
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he said there could be things in this book I don't like right and I kind smiled and said,
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yep, you know, there'll be probably things you don't like.
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He said, that's fine, that's fine.
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I won't read it when it comes out.
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I'll read it six months or a year from now.
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Did you have any discussions with him that day or at any other time about an afterlife?
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I remember sitting in his backyard in his garden one day and he started talking about God.
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He said, sometimes I believe in God, sometimes I don't.
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I think it's 50 -50 maybe.
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But ever since I've had cancer, I've been thinking about it more, and I find myself believing a bit more.
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I kind of, maybe it's because I want to believe in an afterlife, that when you die, it doesn't just all disappear.
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The wisdom you've accumulated, somehow it lives on.
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Then he paused for a second, he said, yeah, but sometimes I think it's just like an on -off switch.
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Click, and you're gone.
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He said, and paused again, he said, and that's why I don't like putting on -off switches on Apple devices.
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คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้
บทเรียนฝึกพูดนี้ใช้วิดีโอ “From the 60 Minutes Archive: Steve Jobs” เป็นสื่อ คำที่ถูกพูดซ้ำบ่อยที่สุด: steve, isaacson, apple วิดีโอนี้มี 3 ประโยค และ 4786 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 28:00 ผู้พูดพูดด้วยความเร็วเป็นธรรมชาติ ประมาณ 171 คำต่อนาที ใกล้เคียงกับบทสนทนาในชีวิตประจำวัน 83% ของคำอยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ ส่วนที่เหลือควรดูไว้ก่อนเริ่มฝึก
คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้
คำที่ควรเรียนรู้ 15 คำจากวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:
| คำศัพท์ | คำอ่าน | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|
| garage คำนาม | /ɡəˈɹɑʒ/ | โรงรถ |
| abandon คำกริยา | /əˈbæn.dən/ | ทิ้ง, ละทิ้ง |
| silicon คำนาม | /ˈsɪləˌkɑn/ | ซิลิคอน |
| fence คำนาม | /fɛns/ | รั้ว |
| reed คำนาม | /ɹiːd/ | กก |
| chart คำนาม | /t͡ʃɑɹt/ | ผัง, แผนผัง |
| deny คำกริยา | /dəˈnaɪ/ | ปฏิเสธ |
| shake คำกริยา | /ˈʃeɪk/ | เขย่า |
| cure คำกริยา | /kjɔː/ | รักษา, เยียวยา |
| hardware คำนาม | /ˈhɑɹdˌwɛɹ/ | ฮาร์ดแวร์ |
| bend คำกริยา | /bɛnd/ | งอ |
| rebel คำนาม | /ˈɹɛb.əl/ | กบฏ |
| biography คำนาม | /baɪˈɑɡɹəfi/ | ชีวประวัติ |
| intuition คำนาม | /ˌɪn.tjuːˈɪʃ.ən/ | อัชฌัตติกญาณ |
| ignore คำกริยา | /ɪɡˈnɔː/ | เมิน |
กริยาวลีที่คุณจะได้ยิน
| คำศัพท์ | ความหมาย |
|---|---|
| come back คำกริยา | กลับมา |
| give up คำกริยา | ยอมแพ้ |
| go out คำกริยา | ออก, ออกไป |
| bring up คำกริยา | เลี้ยงดู, ฟูมฟัก |
| go back คำกริยา | กลับไป |
ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้
โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:
| โครงสร้าง | ในวิดีโอ |
|---|---|
| “used to” used to + กริยา — นิสัยหรือสภาพในอดีตที่ตอนนี้ไม่เป็นแล้ว | used to be · used to not · used to run |
| Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ | was conducted · can't be allowed · is published |
| Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน | has done · i've learned · we've had |
| Relative clauses who / which + อนุประโยค — ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับคนหรือสิ่งของ | book which is · guy who had · people who demand |
การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง
ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 86 ครั้ง เช่น didn't, don't, you're ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน
- เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: garage /ɡəˈɹɑʒ/, distortion /dɪsˈtɔːʃən/, shake /ˈʃeɪk/, intuition /ˌɪn.tjuːˈɪʃ.ən/, shortly /ˈʃɔɹtli/
- คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: biological /ˌbaɪ.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/, biography /baɪˈɑɡɹəfi/, simplicity /sɪmˈplɪsɪti/, intuition /ˌɪn.tjuːˈɪʃ.ən/, establishment /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ.mənt/
เสียงที่คนไทยมักออกเสียงยาก:
- เสียงท้ายคำ — ออกเสียงให้ครบ ไม่เปลี่ยนเป็นตัวสะกดแบบไทย: spiritual /ˈspɪɹɪt͡ʃuəl/, biological /ˌbaɪ.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/, magical /ˈmæd͡ʒ.ɪ.kəl/, fence /fɛns/, acknowledge /əkˈnɑ.lɪd͡ʒ/
- /v/ — ไม่ใช่ /w/ ให้ฟันบนแตะริมฝีปากล่าง: driveway /ˈdɹaɪvˌweɪ/, everyday /ˈɛvɹiˌdeɪ/, vacation /veɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/, achievement /əˈt͡ʃiːv.mənt/, privacy /ˈpɹaɪ.və.si/
- /z/ — เสียงก้อง ไม่ใช่ /s/: pause /pɔːz/, phrase /ˈfɹeɪ̯z/, wisdom /ˈwɪzdəm/, closet /ˈklɑzɪt/, likewise /ˈlaɪkˌwaɪz/
วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้
- ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
- เริ่มที่ความเร็ว 0.75× พูดตามทีละประโยค แล้วกลับไปใช้ความเร็วปกติเมื่อเริ่มคล่อง
- อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง garage, abandon, silicon เป็นพิเศษ
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ