ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: How humans are helping Australian animals make a comeback | Landline
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130 ประโยค
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1
They're going to be learning to listen when they're feeding, to look around them, to make sure they've got really good safety.
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So all of these skills that sound like things that they should innately know how to do, but they didn't evolve with cats.
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And cats have different hunting strategies, they smell different, and so these animals have got to learn what this predator is
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and what it's capable of to be able to avoid it.
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The idea is to turn back the tide of extinction.
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So this project is about removing those threatening feral animals
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and giving these species a chance to come back and turn our desert back into a really healthy place.
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Nestled in the most remote corner of New South Wales lies Fort Grey, a former grazing property.
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It's also home to the Wild Deserts project,
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for James to rejuvenate the desert ecosystem through not just the reintroduction of locally extinct native species like bilbies and bettongs,
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but training them to survive introduced predators like feral cats and foxes.
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Alongside bilbies and bettongs, five other species were chosen to be reintroduced.
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Crest-tailed mulgaras, stick nest rats, western quolls, golden bandicoots and shark bay bandicoots, formerly known as western barbed bandicoots,
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which were found right across southern Australia.
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Many of those species are what we call ecosystem engineers, So they are really good at turning over soil to look for their food and to build their burrows.
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And all of that soil turnover just helps with plant growth.
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They've been missing from this desert landscape for more than 100 years, with some not seen since the late 1800s.
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And a lot of them were once really, really quite widespread throughout most of the desert in Australia.
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There's things like the burrowing bettong that actually exists nowhere on the mainland anymore.
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So an animal that used to stretch from Western Australia right up through the Central Australian deserts out to Eastern Australia, completely gone from the mainland.
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Welcome to the wild training zone.
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The project is a collaboration between the University of New South Wales, National Parks and Wildlife Service, Ecological Horizons and the New South Wales government.
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But before it could get off the ground, while deserts needed the right people running it.
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Which is where principal ecologist, Bec West, and her husband, the project coordinator, Rhys Pedler, step in.
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Bec was involved in working at this place, Arid Recovery, which was doing some similar stuff.
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I was working in threatened species conservation work for the South Australian government, so we had a lot of relevant skills.
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And we thought, oh, well, maybe we'll apply as a double act and see how it goes.
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See the bit, mate.
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All of that mix was just fantastic for us as a team to know that we had people on the ground, as capable as they were,
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and also loved being out in this part of the world.
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Successful reintroduction of the species required fenced off feral free places for them to live,
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so they built two 20 square kilometre exclosures designed to keep predators out.
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They're surrounded by a 100 square kilometre wild training zone
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which contains a low density of feral cats where the native animals are eventually reintroduced.
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The first step was removing pests from the exclosures.
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Rabbits, let's find rabbits, come on.
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Before the fence was even finished, started mapping all the rabbit warrens, about a thousand rabbit warrens across the two exclosures,
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all on foot with a little conservation detective dog that we trained up.
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Good dog, Pegsy.
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Bit of thunder.
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Severe drought struck soon after Beck and Rhys moved here in 2017.
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It's tough to live in those sort of conditions where it's just dry and depressing and everything's dying.
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Neighbouring pastoral properties were severely impacted, but the dry conditions helped the wild deserts project.
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In 2020, crest-tailed mulgaras were successfully released, followed shortly afterwards by the bilbies.
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Freedom!
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Then came bandicoots, betongs and the top predator, western quolls.
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They keep a cap on the sustainability of the herbivores.
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If you just let these animals go for it within one of these safe havens, there's nothing to stop them building up their numbers and becoming unsustainable.
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Most of the reintroduced native species are ecosystem engineers.
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Not only are they repopulating the desert, but they're bringing it back to life.
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So what we're now seeing inside the areas where we've been able to eradicate ferals
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and return these mammals is we're getting fantastic plant responses
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because every tiny digging pit that that bandicoot or bilby or bedong has made has collected seeds, it's collected water and now we're seeing really really good plant growth.
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So there's quite a difference between where we have these animals and where we don't.
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National Parks Area Manager Jamie Norris says his staff have noticed a significant shift.
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Undoubtedly there's been changes in the environment.
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So you find a lot of plant species that are
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rarer to come across in other parts of the park that are actually far more common within the enclosed areas.
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A lot of those changes are very subtle
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and it's very difficult to detect those changes but literally at a landscape scale you can start to see the differences.
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In the past decade six of the seven native species have been successfully released but one lasted only a few days.
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We did try and bring in stick nest rats and they just did not do well here.
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Bilbies and golden bandicoots are now in excess behind the fences
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but that means it's time to move them into the wild training zone.
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David Damschke is the only other full-time staff member with Beck and Rees.
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And then you just want to hold it tight so it doesn't go up.
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He spends most of his time tracking, trapping and checking the animals.
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Yep, perfect.
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Before preparing them for release outside the exclosures.
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Yeah, we know that animals can live in a fence where there's no predators and nothing worrying them, but yeah, getting them beyond the fence and back into the landscape where they can continue on their natural function,
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I guess, and the ecological role, that'll be the key part.
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Every time you see a bilby, it's just the same feeling.
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You always just have the biggest smile on your face and you just go, wow, how does something like that exist?
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It's just crazy.
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After thriving inside the exclosure, dozens of bilbys, betongs, quolls and golden bandicoots have been released into the wild training zone.
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Yeah, she's got three babies, look.
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So that's four for the price of one.
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We're seeing survival, we're seeing breeding, We're seeing new individuals joining that population that's living beyond the fence
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and all of those are really exciting indicators for us that things are going well.
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Did you get a cat?
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I'm free.
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This is despite some predators being deliberately left there.
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Feral cats are the biggest threat, responsible for killing more than one billion native animals every year in Australia.
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Cameras, baiting and felixer grooming traps are used to control their numbers.
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They will fire out a gel of 1080 onto the cat's fur and the cat will lick itself, then they'll soon die after that.
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But as well as that, you know, we have to shoot cats here, we have a professional shooter that comes out here.
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By not removing all the cats, the project is trying to change the behaviour and instincts of the reintroduced native species.
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They're being forced to live alongside a low density of feral predators.
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They're going to be learning to listen when they're feeding, to look around them, to make sure they've got really good safety.
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So all of these skills that sound like things that they should innately know how to do, but they didn't evolve with cats.
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And cats have different hunting strategies, they smell different, and so these animals have got to learn what this predator is
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and what it's capable of to be able to avoid it.
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You use this and then you can work out exactly which bushes are.
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That's what sets this project apart from native species sanctuaries.
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There's a whole range of feral free safe havens now across Australia, but there's only a few places where there's this work going
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on trying to expose these native animals to feral predators and to train them.
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I guess wild deserts and arid recovery are the only two that I'm aware of.
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The program has been so successful the release of the bettongs into the wild training zone exceeded 10 year expectations.
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Not only have we achieved everything that we originally said we would do, so we've got the largest rabbit free area,
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we've eradicated feral predators from two big areas so 4,000 hectares,
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we've returned six native mammal species and we've also put four of those beyond the fence.
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When landline visited a couple of months ago, funding for the next decade wasn't assured.
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Since then the New South Wales Environment Minister Penny Sharp has signed off on a new agreement.
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It's really important for the future that we take responsibility for what we do now.
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Being able to restore these landscapes, seeing these animals come back from the brink of extinction is something that we should be proud of, not just for now, but for our grandchildren.
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Despite heavy rainfall this year and the greenery that remains, the team are aware challenging drought conditions are almost a certainty in the future.
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And they'll be a serious test of the project, the environment and the animals' resilience.
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But Rhys Pedler says the seasons have been in their favour.
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If we could have ordered the climatic conditions, we would have ordered it just like it's happened, that we had dry times when we were trying to do the feral eradication
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and then much higher rainfall when we were trying to re-establish these species back in this environment.
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You couldn't ask for better really.
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The Wild Deserts team is turning its attention to its next challenge, which could be their greatest.
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We're going to be in a really fantastic place to actually
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provide a giant landscape scale experiment where we can really understand how to do this restoration properly
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and how to do it at scale.
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And that's going to be superbly valuable for being right here in Sturt National Park
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and all the animals here at Wild Deserts, but that's also going to allow other people doing these sorts of projects to take what we've learned
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and apply it to their places.
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And so I think for the next 10 years, Wild Deserts will have the opportunity to play out this experiment,
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especially beyond the fence, and really inform future conservation strategies across Australia.
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Rhys acknowledges it's unlikely Australia will ever be free of feral cats and foxes, but his goal is a landscape where natives can survive their threat.
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We also need to try and breed smarter native species
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that can tolerate these animals and sort of survive in a modern day arid Australia.
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Restoring it for generations to come.
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I hope that we are leaving something
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that in future generations they'll be able to look back on
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and be like wow those guys did a really epic job
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and thank god someone did something about it so
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that we're not just reading in history books about all the animals that once went extinct and are no longer here.
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Thank you.
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คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้
บทเรียนฝึกพูดระดับ B2 นี้ใช้วิดีโอ “How humans are helping Australian animals make a comeback” เป็นสื่อ คำที่ถูกพูดซ้ำบ่อยที่สุด: animal, species, desert, feral, cat วิดีโอนี้มี 130 ประโยค และ 1911 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 11:22 ผู้พูดพูดด้วยความเร็วเป็นธรรมชาติ ประมาณ 168 คำต่อนาที ใกล้เคียงกับบทสนทนาในชีวิตประจำวัน 82% ของคำอยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ ส่วนที่เหลือควรดูไว้ก่อนเริ่มฝึก
คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้
คำที่ยากที่สุด 15 คำในวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:
| คำศัพท์ | คำอ่าน | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|
| feral คำคุณศัพท์ | /ˈfɛɹəl/ | ดุร้าย, ไม่เชื่อง |
| predator คำนาม | /ˈpɹɛd.ə.tɚ/ | นักล่า, ผู้ล่า |
| rabbit คำนาม | /ˈɹæbɪt/ | กระต่าย |
| quoll คำนาม | /ˈkwɒl/ | ควอล |
| ecosystem คำนาม | /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/ | ระบบนิเวศ |
| burrow คำนาม | /ˈbʌɹoʊ/ | รู |
| eradicate คำกริยา | /əˈræd.əˌkeɪt/ | ถอนรากถอนโคน, ทำลายให้สิ้น |
| kilometre คำนาม | /kɪˈlɑmɪtəɹ/ | กิโลเมตร |
| mammal คำนาม | /ˈmæməl/ | สัตว์เลี้ยงลูกด้วยน้ำนม, สัตว์กินนม |
| extinction คำนาม | /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃən/ | การสูญพันธุ์ |
| drought คำนาม | /ˈdɹaʊ̯t/ | ภัยแล้ง, น้ำแล้ง |
| threaten คำกริยา | /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/ | ขู่ |
| mainland คำนาม | /ˈmeɪnlənd/ | แผ่นดินใหญ่ |
| nest คำนาม | /nɛst/ | รัง, รังนก |
| rat คำนาม | /ɹæt/ | หนู |
กริยาวลีที่คุณจะได้ยิน
| คำศัพท์ | ความหมาย |
|---|---|
| come back คำกริยา | กลับมา |
ประโยคที่ควรฝึกพูดซ้ำ
ประโยคสั้น ๆ ที่สมบูรณ์จากวิดีโอ ซึ่งนำไปใช้ในบทสนทนาประจำวันได้:
- Rabbits, let's find rabbits, come on.
- Did you get a cat?
- You couldn't ask for better really.
ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้
โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:
| โครงสร้าง | ในวิดีโอ |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน | we've been · has made · have noticed |
| Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ | were chosen · were found · was involved |
การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง
ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 37 ครั้ง เช่น we're, they're, we've ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน
- เสียง “th”: threaten /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/, thrive /θɹajv/, thunder /ˈθʌndɚ/
- เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: extinction /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃən/, expectation /ˌɛk.spɛkˈteɪ.ʃən/, shooter /ˈʃuːtəː/, assure /əˈʃʊɹ/, restoration /ɹɛstəˈɹeɪʃən/
- คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: ecosystem /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/, eradicate /əˈræd.əˌkeɪt/, kilometre /kɪˈlɑmɪtəɹ/, ecological /ˌiːkəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkl̩/, ecologist /iːˈkɒləd͡ʒɪst/
เสียงที่คนไทยมักออกเสียงยาก:
- เสียงท้ายคำ — ออกเสียงให้ครบ ไม่เปลี่ยนเป็นตัวสะกดแบบไทย: feral /ˈfɛɹəl/, quoll /ˈkwɒl/, mammal /ˈmæməl/, evolve /ɪˈvɑlv/, enclose /ɪnˈkloʊz/
- /v/ — ไม่ใช่ /w/ ให้ฟันบนแตะริมฝีปากล่าง: evolve /ɪˈvɑlv/, haven /ˈheɪvən/, herbivore /ˈ(h)ɜːɹbɪvɔːɹ/, rejuvenate /ɹɪˈd͡ʒuːvəneɪt/, thrive /θɹajv/
- /z/ — เสียงก้อง ไม่ใช่ /s/: enclose /ɪnˈkloʊz/, resilience /ɹɪˈzɪl.ɪ.əns/, expose /ɪkˈspoʊz/
วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้
- ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
- เริ่มที่ความเร็ว 0.75× พูดตามทีละประโยค แล้วกลับไปใช้ความเร็วปกติเมื่อเริ่มคล่อง
- อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง feral, predator, rabbit เป็นพิเศษ
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ