Pratique du Shadowing: How humans are helping Australian animals make a comeback | Landline - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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130 phrases
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They're going to be learning to listen when they're feeding, to look around them, to make sure they've got really good safety.
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So all of these skills that sound like things that they should innately know how to do, but they didn't evolve with cats.
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And cats have different hunting strategies, they smell different, and so these animals have got to learn what this predator is
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and what it's capable of to be able to avoid it.
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The idea is to turn back the tide of extinction.
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So this project is about removing those threatening feral animals
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and giving these species a chance to come back and turn our desert back into a really healthy place.
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Nestled in the most remote corner of New South Wales lies Fort Grey, a former grazing property.
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It's also home to the Wild Deserts project,
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for James to rejuvenate the desert ecosystem through not just the reintroduction of locally extinct native species like bilbies and bettongs,
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but training them to survive introduced predators like feral cats and foxes.
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Alongside bilbies and bettongs, five other species were chosen to be reintroduced.
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Crest-tailed mulgaras, stick nest rats, western quolls, golden bandicoots and shark bay bandicoots, formerly known as western barbed bandicoots,
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which were found right across southern Australia.
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Many of those species are what we call ecosystem engineers, So they are really good at turning over soil to look for their food and to build their burrows.
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And all of that soil turnover just helps with plant growth.
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They've been missing from this desert landscape for more than 100 years, with some not seen since the late 1800s.
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And a lot of them were once really, really quite widespread throughout most of the desert in Australia.
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There's things like the burrowing bettong that actually exists nowhere on the mainland anymore.
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So an animal that used to stretch from Western Australia right up through the Central Australian deserts out to Eastern Australia, completely gone from the mainland.
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Welcome to the wild training zone.
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The project is a collaboration between the University of New South Wales, National Parks and Wildlife Service, Ecological Horizons and the New South Wales government.
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But before it could get off the ground, while deserts needed the right people running it.
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Which is where principal ecologist, Bec West, and her husband, the project coordinator, Rhys Pedler, step in.
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Bec was involved in working at this place, Arid Recovery, which was doing some similar stuff.
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I was working in threatened species conservation work for the South Australian government, so we had a lot of relevant skills.
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And we thought, oh, well, maybe we'll apply as a double act and see how it goes.
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See the bit, mate.
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All of that mix was just fantastic for us as a team to know that we had people on the ground, as capable as they were,
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and also loved being out in this part of the world.
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Successful reintroduction of the species required fenced off feral free places for them to live,
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so they built two 20 square kilometre exclosures designed to keep predators out.
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They're surrounded by a 100 square kilometre wild training zone
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which contains a low density of feral cats where the native animals are eventually reintroduced.
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The first step was removing pests from the exclosures.
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Rabbits, let's find rabbits, come on.
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Before the fence was even finished, started mapping all the rabbit warrens, about a thousand rabbit warrens across the two exclosures,
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all on foot with a little conservation detective dog that we trained up.
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Good dog, Pegsy.
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Bit of thunder.
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Severe drought struck soon after Beck and Rhys moved here in 2017.
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It's tough to live in those sort of conditions where it's just dry and depressing and everything's dying.
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Neighbouring pastoral properties were severely impacted, but the dry conditions helped the wild deserts project.
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In 2020, crest-tailed mulgaras were successfully released, followed shortly afterwards by the bilbies.
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Freedom!
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Then came bandicoots, betongs and the top predator, western quolls.
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They keep a cap on the sustainability of the herbivores.
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If you just let these animals go for it within one of these safe havens, there's nothing to stop them building up their numbers and becoming unsustainable.
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Most of the reintroduced native species are ecosystem engineers.
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Not only are they repopulating the desert, but they're bringing it back to life.
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So what we're now seeing inside the areas where we've been able to eradicate ferals
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and return these mammals is we're getting fantastic plant responses
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because every tiny digging pit that that bandicoot or bilby or bedong has made has collected seeds, it's collected water and now we're seeing really really good plant growth.
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So there's quite a difference between where we have these animals and where we don't.
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National Parks Area Manager Jamie Norris says his staff have noticed a significant shift.
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Undoubtedly there's been changes in the environment.
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So you find a lot of plant species that are
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rarer to come across in other parts of the park that are actually far more common within the enclosed areas.
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A lot of those changes are very subtle
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and it's very difficult to detect those changes but literally at a landscape scale you can start to see the differences.
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In the past decade six of the seven native species have been successfully released but one lasted only a few days.
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We did try and bring in stick nest rats and they just did not do well here.
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Bilbies and golden bandicoots are now in excess behind the fences
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but that means it's time to move them into the wild training zone.
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David Damschke is the only other full-time staff member with Beck and Rees.
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And then you just want to hold it tight so it doesn't go up.
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He spends most of his time tracking, trapping and checking the animals.
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Yep, perfect.
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Before preparing them for release outside the exclosures.
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Yeah, we know that animals can live in a fence where there's no predators and nothing worrying them, but yeah, getting them beyond the fence and back into the landscape where they can continue on their natural function,
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I guess, and the ecological role, that'll be the key part.
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Every time you see a bilby, it's just the same feeling.
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You always just have the biggest smile on your face and you just go, wow, how does something like that exist?
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It's just crazy.
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After thriving inside the exclosure, dozens of bilbys, betongs, quolls and golden bandicoots have been released into the wild training zone.
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Yeah, she's got three babies, look.
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So that's four for the price of one.
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We're seeing survival, we're seeing breeding, We're seeing new individuals joining that population that's living beyond the fence
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and all of those are really exciting indicators for us that things are going well.
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Did you get a cat?
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I'm free.
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This is despite some predators being deliberately left there.
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Feral cats are the biggest threat, responsible for killing more than one billion native animals every year in Australia.
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Cameras, baiting and felixer grooming traps are used to control their numbers.
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They will fire out a gel of 1080 onto the cat's fur and the cat will lick itself, then they'll soon die after that.
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But as well as that, you know, we have to shoot cats here, we have a professional shooter that comes out here.
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By not removing all the cats, the project is trying to change the behaviour and instincts of the reintroduced native species.
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They're being forced to live alongside a low density of feral predators.
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They're going to be learning to listen when they're feeding, to look around them, to make sure they've got really good safety.
90
So all of these skills that sound like things that they should innately know how to do, but they didn't evolve with cats.
91
And cats have different hunting strategies, they smell different, and so these animals have got to learn what this predator is
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and what it's capable of to be able to avoid it.
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You use this and then you can work out exactly which bushes are.
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That's what sets this project apart from native species sanctuaries.
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There's a whole range of feral free safe havens now across Australia, but there's only a few places where there's this work going
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on trying to expose these native animals to feral predators and to train them.
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I guess wild deserts and arid recovery are the only two that I'm aware of.
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The program has been so successful the release of the bettongs into the wild training zone exceeded 10 year expectations.
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Not only have we achieved everything that we originally said we would do, so we've got the largest rabbit free area,
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we've eradicated feral predators from two big areas so 4,000 hectares,
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we've returned six native mammal species and we've also put four of those beyond the fence.
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When landline visited a couple of months ago, funding for the next decade wasn't assured.
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Since then the New South Wales Environment Minister Penny Sharp has signed off on a new agreement.
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It's really important for the future that we take responsibility for what we do now.
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Being able to restore these landscapes, seeing these animals come back from the brink of extinction is something that we should be proud of, not just for now, but for our grandchildren.
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Despite heavy rainfall this year and the greenery that remains, the team are aware challenging drought conditions are almost a certainty in the future.
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And they'll be a serious test of the project, the environment and the animals' resilience.
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But Rhys Pedler says the seasons have been in their favour.
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If we could have ordered the climatic conditions, we would have ordered it just like it's happened, that we had dry times when we were trying to do the feral eradication
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and then much higher rainfall when we were trying to re-establish these species back in this environment.
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You couldn't ask for better really.
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The Wild Deserts team is turning its attention to its next challenge, which could be their greatest.
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We're going to be in a really fantastic place to actually
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provide a giant landscape scale experiment where we can really understand how to do this restoration properly
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and how to do it at scale.
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And that's going to be superbly valuable for being right here in Sturt National Park
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and all the animals here at Wild Deserts, but that's also going to allow other people doing these sorts of projects to take what we've learned
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and apply it to their places.
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And so I think for the next 10 years, Wild Deserts will have the opportunity to play out this experiment,
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especially beyond the fence, and really inform future conservation strategies across Australia.
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Rhys acknowledges it's unlikely Australia will ever be free of feral cats and foxes, but his goal is a landscape where natives can survive their threat.
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We also need to try and breed smarter native species
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that can tolerate these animals and sort of survive in a modern day arid Australia.
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Restoring it for generations to come.
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I hope that we are leaving something
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that in future generations they'll be able to look back on
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and be like wow those guys did a really epic job
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and thank god someone did something about it so
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that we're not just reading in history books about all the animals that once went extinct and are no longer here.
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Thank you.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau B2 s’appuie sur la vidéo « How humans are helping Australian animals make a comeback ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : animal, species, desert, feral, cat. Cette vidéo contient 130 phrases et 1911 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 11:22. Le locuteur parle à un rythme naturel d’environ 168 mots par minute, proche d’une conversation courante. 82 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais ; le reste mérite d’être vu avant de commencer.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| feral adjectif | /ˈfɛɹəl/ | féral, marron |
| predator nom | /ˈpɹɛd.ə.tɚ/ | prédateur |
| bandicoot nom | /ˈbændiˌkut/ | bandicoot, péramélidé |
| rabbit nom | /ˈɹæbɪt/ | lapin |
| reintroduce verbe | réintroduire | |
| arid adjectif | /ˈæɹɪd/ | aride |
| quoll nom | /ˈkwɒl/ | dasyure, chat marsupial |
| ecosystem nom | /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/ | écosystème |
| burrow nom | /ˈbʌɹoʊ/ | terrier, clapier |
| eradicate verbe | /əˈræd.əˌkeɪt/ | éradiquer |
| kilometre nom | /kɪˈlɑmɪtəɹ/ | kilomètre |
| mammal nom | /ˈmæməl/ | mammifère |
| reintroduction nom | réintroduction | |
| crest nom | /kɹɛst/ | crête |
| extinct adjectif | /ɪkˈstɪŋkt/ | éteint |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| look around verbe | regarder autour de soi | |
| build up verbe | s'accumuler, s'entasser | |
| come across verbe | avoir l'air de | |
| come back verbe | revenir | |
| come out verbe | /ˌkʌm ˈaʊt/ | sortir |
| get off verbe | descendre, faire descendre | |
| go up verbe | monter, s'élever | |
| turn over verbe | retourner, renverser |
Des phrases à répéter
Des phrases courtes et complètes de la vidéo, à réutiliser dans la conversation de tous les jours :
- Rabbits, let's find rabbits, come on.
- Did you get a cat?
- You couldn't ask for better really.
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | we've been · has made · have noticed |
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | were chosen · were found · was involved |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 37 contractions et formes réduites, comme we're, they're, we've. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « th »: threaten /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/, thrive /θɹajv/, thunder /ˈθʌndɚ/
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: extinction /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃən/, expectation /ˌɛk.spɛkˈteɪ.ʃən/, shooter /ˈʃuːtəː/, assure /əˈʃʊɹ/, restoration /ɹɛstəˈɹeɪʃən/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: ecosystem /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/, eradicate /əˈræd.əˌkeɪt/, kilometre /kɪˈlɑmɪtəɹ/, ecological /ˌiːkəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkl̩/, ecologist /iːˈkɒləd͡ʒɪst/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: haven /ˈheɪvən/, hectare /ˈhɛk.tɛɹ/, herbivore /ˈ(h)ɜːɹbɪvɔːɹ/
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: ecological /ˌiːkəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkl̩/, ecologist /iːˈkɒləd͡ʒɪst/, grandchild /ˈɡɹændˌtʃaɪld/, rejuvenate /ɹɪˈd͡ʒuːvəneɪt/, sanctuary /ˈsæŋkt͡ʃuˌɛɹi/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: feral /ˈfɛɹəl/, predator /ˈpɹɛd.ə.tɚ/, rabbit /ˈɹæbɪt/, arid /ˈæɹɪd/, burrow /ˈbʌɹoʊ/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme feral, predator, bandicoot.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.