Pratique du Shadowing: RE3 Unit 3B - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
Création de la leçon...
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Track 6, Reading 3B, Tracking the Snow Leopard When a snow leopard stalks its prey among the mountain walls,
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it moves softly, slowly, explains Indian biologist Raghunandan Singh Chandawat, who has studied the animal for years.
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If it knocks a stone loose, it will reach out a foot to stop it from falling and making noise.
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One might be moving right now, perfectly silent, maybe close by. But where?
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Best known for its spotted coat and long, distinctive tail, the snow leopard is one of the world's most secretive animals.
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These elusive cats can only be found high in the remote, mountainous regions of Central Asia.
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For this reason, and because they hunt primarily at night, they are very rarely seen.
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Snow leopards have been officially protected since 1975, but enforcing this law has proven difficult.
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Many continue to be killed for their fur and body parts, which are worth a fortune on the black market.
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In recent years, though, conflict with local herders has also led to a number of snow leopard deaths.
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This is because the big cats kill the herders animals and drag the bodies away high up in the mountains to eat.
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As a result of these pressures the current snow leopard population is estimated at only 4,000 to 7,000
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and some fear that the actual number may already have dropped below 3,500.
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The only way to reverse this trend and bring these cats back from near extinction,
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say conservationists, is to make them more valuable alive than dead.
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A Fragile Relationship Because farming is difficult in Central Asia's cold,
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dry landscape, traditional cultures depend mostly on livestock, mainly sheep and goats, to survive in these mountainous regions.
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At night, when snow leopards hunt, herders' animals are in danger of snow leopard attacks.
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If a family loses even a few animals, it can push them into desperate poverty.
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The wolf comes and kills, eats, and goes somewhere else, said one herder.
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But snow leopards are always around.
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They have killed one or two animals many times.
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Everybody wanted to finish this leopard.
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To address this problem, local religious leaders have called for an end to snow leopard killings, saying that these wild animals have the right to exist peacefully.
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They've also tried to convince people that the leopards are quite rare, and thus it is important to protect them.
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The value of preservation Financial incentives are also helping to slow snow leopard killings.
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The organization Snow Leopard Conservancy India Trust has established Himalayan Homestays, a program that sends visitors to herders' houses.
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For a clean room and bed, meals with the family, and an introduction to their culture, visitors pay about US$10 a night.
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If guests come once every two weeks through the tourist season, the herders will earn enough income to replace the animals lost to snow leopards.
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In addition, the organization helps herders build protective fences that keep out snow leopards.
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It also conducts environmental classes at village schools and trains the organization's members as nature guides, available for hire.
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In exchange, the herders agree not to kill snow leopards. In Mongolia,
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a project called Snow Leopard Enterprises helps herder communities earn extra money in exchange for their promise to protect the endangered cat.
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Women in Mongolian herder communities make a variety of products, yarn for making clothes, decorative floor rugs,
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and toys using the wool from their herds.
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SLE buys these items from herding families and sells them abroad.
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Herders must agree to protect the snow leopards and to encourage neighbors to do the same.
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The arrangement increases herders' incomes by 10 to 15 percent and elevates the status of the women.
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If no one in the community kills the protected animals over the course of a year,
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the program members are rewarded with a 20 percent bonus in addition to the money they've already made.
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An independent review in 2006 found no snow leopard killings in areas where SLE operates.
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Today, the organization continues to add more communities.
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Projects like the Homestays Program in India and SLE's business in Mongolia are doing well.
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Though they cover only a small part of the snow leopard's homeland, they make the leopards more valuable to more people each year.
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If these programs continue to do well, the snow leopard may just have a fighting chance.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : leopard, snow, herder, animal, cat. Cette vidéo contient 45 phrases et 711 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 5:31. Le locuteur parle à un rythme régulier d’environ 129 mots par minute, confortable pour le shadowing. Seuls 78 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| leopard nom | /ˈlɛp.ɚd/ | léopard |
| mountainous adjectif | /ˈmaʊn.tɪ.nəs/ | montagneux |
| visitor nom | /ˈvɪzɪtɚ/ | visiteur, visiteuse |
| biologist nom | /baɪˈɒləd͡ʒɪst/ | biologiste, biologue |
| conservationist nom | écologiste, conservationniste | |
| elevate verbe | /ˈɛləveɪt/ | élever |
| elusive adjectif | /ɪˈl(j)u.sɪv/ | évasif, insaisissable |
| secretive adjectif | /ˈsiːkɹɪtɪv/ | secret, cachottier |
| yarn nom | /jɑɹn/ | fil |
| rug nom | /ˈɹʌɡ/ | tapis |
| extinction nom | /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃən/ | extinction |
| softly adverbe | /ˈsɔftli/ | doucement |
| decorative adjectif | /ˈdɛk.ə.ɹə.tɪv/ | décoratif |
| livestock nom | /ˈlaɪvstɑk/ | cheptel vif, bétail |
| endangered adjectif | /ɪnˈdeɪn.d͡ʒɚd/ | en danger |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Sens |
|---|---|
| keep out verbe | rester en dehors, ne pas entrer |
| reach out verbe | tendre la main |
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | has studied · have been · has also led |
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | be found · be killed · is estimated |
Prononciation à surveiller
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: extinction /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃən/, preservation /ˌpɹɛz.əˈveɪ.ʃən/, sheep /ˈʃiːp/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: biologist /baɪˈɒləd͡ʒɪst/, decorative /ˈdɛk.ə.ɹə.tɪv/, preservation /ˌpɹɛz.əˈveɪ.ʃən/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: herder /ˈhɝːdɚ/, homeland /ˈhoʊmˌlænd/
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: biologist /baɪˈɒləd͡ʒɪst/, endangered /ɪnˈdeɪn.d͡ʒɚd/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: secretive /ˈsiːkɹɪtɪv/, yarn /jɑɹn/, rug /ˈɹʌɡ/, decorative /ˈdɛk.ə.ɹə.tɪv/, enforce /ɪnˈfoɹs/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme leopard, mountainous, visitor.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.