ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: How Visa and MasterCard make their money
กำลังสร้างบทเรียน...
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How do Visa and MasterCard make their money?
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Millions of people today own plastic cards and use them to purchase almost everything from household appliances to plane tickets.
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Most Americans today have at least one credit and debit card.
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A majority own a lot of them, hoping to take advantage of all the rewards, cashback opportunities, and promotional benefits that issuers have to offer.
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Issuing of cards can be done by banks or a financial service company.
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However, the card transactions have to be processed through a particular system.
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A payment system is basically a process that is intended to settle financial transactions through both transfers and monetary values.
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In simpler terms, it's an operational network that links payment providers with bank accounts.
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Four major companies influence the electronic payment industry.
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These are Visa, MasterCard, American Express, and Discover, which are responsible for taking care of the majority of the world's card payments.
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Visa and Mastercard are said to be the largest
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and most popular payment systems globally
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and lately I've been wondering how they make their money so I decided to do some research.
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Mastercard is an American multinational financial services corporation with its headquarters in New York.
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Before its initial public offering, Mastercard Worldwide was a cooperative owned by the more than 25 ,000 financial institutions that issue its branded cards.
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MasterCard was created as an association of several regional bank card
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associations in response to the Bank AmeriCard issued by Bank of America which later became the Visa Credit issued by Visa Inc.
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These companies do their best to connect and power an inclusive digital economy that benefits everyone everywhere by making transactions safe,
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simple, smart, and accessible.
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Their innovations and solutions enable individuals,
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financial institutions, governments and businesses to realize their greatest potential through secure data and networks, partnership and passion.
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There's barely any difference between Visa and MasterCard when it comes to where you can use them.
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Both Visa and MasterCard can be used almost anywhere around the world that accepts card payments either in stores or online.
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It's hard to find a retailer that would accept one
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but not the other so it isn't really a case of visa versus mastercard
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when it comes to where they're accepted either would be fine however this isn't the same for american express
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it is also a payment network but it costs more for the retailer to process your payment
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that means some vendors don't accept american express because it costs them more
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so let's take a look at how these companies operate they both have huge
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if not enormous payment networks and also act as mediators.
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As much as they are financial service corporations, it doesn't mean they send or receive funds from their own accounts or resources.
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The companies are neither involved with extending credit nor issuing cards, meaning that all Visa and MasterCard transactions are issued through some form of co -branded relationships.
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They partner up with financial institutions like banks and credit unions, which issue card payments for individuals and businesses,
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either directly or through collaboration with hotels, airlines, or retail brands.
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They offer a wide array of products which is inclusive of credit, debit and prepaid card options.
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These banks and other financial institutions who issue these cards set the payment cards terms and conditions, inclusive of fees, rewards and other features.
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The issuing bank is in charge of underwriting, interest rate structuring and the full development of reward programs
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and this is for credit cards card issuers also offer other perks
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and benefits such as car rental insurance fraud and identity theft protection
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or even business purchase discounts although the variation in interest rates credit limits
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and reward programs are overseen by the issuing financial institution MasterCard
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and Visa compete for the co -branded association
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and also participate in the drafting of the card terms
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and conditions MasterCard and Visa receive about 0 .1 % of any individual transaction passed through their brands.
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You can refer to this as some sort of exchange, charged to the merchant, or just a transaction fee.
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You might think that this is quite little, but if you analyze this further, you'll find that it's not as little.
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These companies conduct thousands of transactions on a daily basis, which brings them hundreds of billions of dollars annually.
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Experts say that such a company can bag up to $1 trillion a year.
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If you're not yet impressed, then think of it this way.
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The UK GDP for 2017 was $2 ,622 trillion.
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So, if you do the math, 1 trillion is approximately 4 % of the UK's GDP.
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There's a huge difference between Visa and MasterCard and American Express and Discover.
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Visa and MasterCard's main sources of revenue are the transaction fees which was established earlier.
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They also cover the cost of maintaining their networks, customer service, troubleshooting, covering AML and any fraudulent transaction costs and so on.
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The cost of transactions may differ based on the type of business, the type of card and of course the network brand.
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Usually Visa and MasterCard have lower fees as compared to their competitors.
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Visa and MasterCard are the only network payment processors that are involved in all the areas of the payment market.
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Working solely as network operators, these companies have a unique advantage but work differently.
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Taking a look at MasterCard's financials, we see that the company generated total revenue of $16 .9 billion in 2019, with a payment volume of $6 .5 billion.
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Some of its card products include consumer credit, consumer debit, prepaid cards, and commercial product business.
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MasterCard has a reportable business segment called Payment Solutions, which is divided according to geographics across the states and other countries.
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The company earns a chunk of its revenue from service and data processing fees, just like Visa.
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But the difference between the two is that MasterCard characterizes the fees differently.
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Its service fees are negotiated and calculated as a percentage of the worldwide dollar value.
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Date processing fees are called switching fees, which is a small fixed cost per transaction that's charged to the issuer.
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MasterCard is known for offering three card levels, and these are Base, World, and World Elite.
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MasterCard carries out transactions in more than 150 currencies across more than 210 countries and territories.
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Even though the company does not have a monopoly on the payment industry, majorly due to similar operators like Visa and also the emergence of new payment service providers,
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it is still largely successful globally.
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A majority of its success being owed to the company brand and the cache it holds.
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Mastercard sees having the upper hand over the up -and -coming payment systems with its ability to be a multi -rail network, covering domestic, cross -trader and card -based in account -to -account transactions.
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The company vows to continue to develop and strengthen each of these channels in the future.
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As for the traditional debit, credit, prepaid and commercial product, the company will continue to offer users and financial institutions a broader variety of options,
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both in references to the products themselves as well as in payment plans and systems.
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Although Mastercard is a major player in the global payment industry, it also experiences some crucial challenges.
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Among the greatest is government regulation.
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The company has gone through a number of antitrust suits over the years, and regulation frequently changes in a majority of the regions in which the company conducts business.
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It has to remain flexible and alert to ensure its business excels.
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Considering MasterCard's international and cross -border business, this is a significant component of its continued success.
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When it comes to Visa, it also reports a single segment, which is payment services
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but it occasionally divides its revenue into four smaller segments which generate the majority of the company's revenue.
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These sub -segments are service revenue, data processing revenue, international transaction revenue, and other revenue.
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Service revenue is attached to something called payment volume meaning
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that the more a product costs the more MasterCard or Visa earn although in small amounts.
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Data processing revenue refers to the fees collected based on the number of transactions made, rather than the value of each transaction.
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International transaction revenues are generated whenever a cardholder purchases goods in a country different from the card issuer's country of origin.
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Visa illustrates these sub -segments as components of net revenue, but they are reported gross of client incentives.
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The total revenue summed up from each segment is equivalent to
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a gross revenue close to $6 .4 billion for quarter three fiscal year.
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2020. Visa's net revenue of $4 .8 billion for the quarter is the figure obtained
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when client incentives are deducted from the gross revenue.
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Recently, Visa announced it will extend its global partnership with PayPal.
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The extension of this partnership will pave the way to the expansion of real -time access to funds for consumers
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and small businesses that are either sending or receiving cash using PayPal, Zoom, or Venmo.
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It will be able to expand PayPal's instant transfer services
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which leverages visa direct for real -time payments one strategy
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that a company can adapt to create growth is to improve its existing technology by extending product features
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and visa and mastercard have a long history of doing just
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so when they saw mobile which is now part of exxon introduce speedpass visa
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and mastercard started working with third party merchants on a host of smart chip technologies for contactless payment touch
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and go and pay with wave transactions.
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When they saw the addition of personal passwords, Visa and MasterCard both revealed a card with an embedded fingerprint scanner,
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a small square sitting at the top right hand corner that acts like a makeshift biometric reader.
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All these innovations were meant to better the performance of their existing offerings. In conclusion,
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both Visa and MasterCard seem to continuously revolutionize the electronic payment industry and don't appear to be slowing down anytime soon.
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I hope you enjoyed the video.
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Give it a thumbs up if you did and consider subscribing if you're new to the channel.
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With that said, have a great day you guys and I'll see you all in the next one.
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วิดีโอนี้เหมาะสำหรับใคร?
วิดีโอนี้เหมาะสำหรับผู้เรียนที่ต้องการปรับปรุงการออกเสียงภาษาอังกฤษและพัฒนาทักษะการพูดในชีวิตประจำวัน ไม่ว่าคุณจะเป็นนักเรียนที่เรียนภาษาอังกฤษในระดับเริ่มต้นหรือระดับกลาง วิดีโอนี้จะช่วยให้คุณเข้าใจวิธีการทำงานของระบบการชำระเงิน และยังมีโอกาสได้ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษผ่านการฟังและเลียนแบบเสียงพูดของผู้บรรยาย ซึ่งจะช่วยให้คุณพัฒนาทักษะการฟังและการพูดได้อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ
คำและสำนวนที่ควรจดจำ
- payment system - ระบบการชำระเงิน
- transaction fee - ค่าธรรมเนียมการทำธุรกรรม
- credit card - บัตรเครดิต
- rewards - รางวัล
- financial institutions - สถาบันการเงิน
การใช้งานคำศัพท์เหล่านี้ในประโยคจะช่วยให้คุณสามารถสื่อสารได้ชัดเจนยิ่งขึ้น และเข้าใจเนื้อหาที่เกี่ยวข้องกับการเงินและการชำระเงินได้ดีขึ้น
วิธีการออกเสียงที่ถูกต้อง
เพื่อให้คุณสามารถออกเสียงได้ถูกต้อง คุณควรให้ความสำคัญกับการฟังและเลียนแบบเสียงของผู้บรรยายในวิดีโอ โดยเฉพาะการเน้นเสียงในคำสำคัญ เช่น "financial institutions" และ "transaction fee" คำเหล่านี้มักจะมีน้ำเสียงที่ชัดเจนและการออกเสียงที่มีจังหวะ หากคุณฝึกพูดตามเสียงของพวกเขา จะช่วยให้คุณพัฒนาทักษะการพูดและการออกเสียงได้ดียิ่งขึ้น
ใช้เทคนิค shadow speak หรือ shadow speech โดยการฟังแล้วพูดตามเสียงของผู้บรรยายในวิดีโอ คุณจะได้ฝึกการออกเสียงภาษาอังกฤษในบริบทที่เกี่ยวข้อง ซึ่งจะช่วยให้คุณกล้าแสดงออกมากขึ้นในขณะพูด นอกจากนี้ยังช่วยให้คุณเรียนรู้การใช้สำนวนที่เหมาะสมในสถานการณ์ต่าง ๆ ได้อย่างรวดเร็ว
การฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษผ่านการฟังและเลียนแบบเสียงจะทำให้คุณสามารถปรับปรุงการออกเสียงภาษาอังกฤษได้อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ และทำให้คุณรู้สึกมั่นใจมากขึ้นในการสื่อสารในภาษาอังกฤษในทุก ๆ วัน
ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้
โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:
| โครงสร้าง | ในวิดีโอ |
|---|---|
| Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ | can be done · be processed · is intended |
| Relative clauses who / which + อนุประโยค — ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับคนหรือสิ่งของ | Discover, which are · products which is · fees which was |
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ