シャドーイング練習: How Visa and MasterCard make their money - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
レッスンを作成中...
1
How do Visa and MasterCard make their money?
2
Millions of people today own plastic cards and use them to purchase almost everything from household appliances to plane tickets.
3
Most Americans today have at least one credit and debit card.
4
A majority own a lot of them, hoping to take advantage of all the rewards, cashback opportunities, and promotional benefits that issuers have to offer.
5
Issuing of cards can be done by banks or a financial service company.
6
However, the card transactions have to be processed through a particular system.
7
A payment system is basically a process that is intended to settle financial transactions through both transfers and monetary values.
8
In simpler terms, it's an operational network that links payment providers with bank accounts.
9
Four major companies influence the electronic payment industry.
10
These are Visa, MasterCard, American Express, and Discover, which are responsible for taking care of the majority of the world's card payments.
11
Visa and Mastercard are said to be the largest
12
and most popular payment systems globally
13
and lately I've been wondering how they make their money so I decided to do some research.
14
Mastercard is an American multinational financial services corporation with its headquarters in New York.
15
Before its initial public offering, Mastercard Worldwide was a cooperative owned by the more than 25 ,000 financial institutions that issue its branded cards.
16
MasterCard was created as an association of several regional bank card
17
associations in response to the Bank AmeriCard issued by Bank of America which later became the Visa Credit issued by Visa Inc.
18
These companies do their best to connect and power an inclusive digital economy that benefits everyone everywhere by making transactions safe,
19
simple, smart, and accessible.
20
Their innovations and solutions enable individuals,
21
financial institutions, governments and businesses to realize their greatest potential through secure data and networks, partnership and passion.
22
There's barely any difference between Visa and MasterCard when it comes to where you can use them.
23
Both Visa and MasterCard can be used almost anywhere around the world that accepts card payments either in stores or online.
24
It's hard to find a retailer that would accept one
25
but not the other so it isn't really a case of visa versus mastercard
26
when it comes to where they're accepted either would be fine however this isn't the same for american express
27
it is also a payment network but it costs more for the retailer to process your payment
28
that means some vendors don't accept american express because it costs them more
29
so let's take a look at how these companies operate they both have huge
30
if not enormous payment networks and also act as mediators.
31
As much as they are financial service corporations, it doesn't mean they send or receive funds from their own accounts or resources.
32
The companies are neither involved with extending credit nor issuing cards, meaning that all Visa and MasterCard transactions are issued through some form of co -branded relationships.
33
They partner up with financial institutions like banks and credit unions, which issue card payments for individuals and businesses,
34
either directly or through collaboration with hotels, airlines, or retail brands.
35
They offer a wide array of products which is inclusive of credit, debit and prepaid card options.
36
These banks and other financial institutions who issue these cards set the payment cards terms and conditions, inclusive of fees, rewards and other features.
37
The issuing bank is in charge of underwriting, interest rate structuring and the full development of reward programs
38
and this is for credit cards card issuers also offer other perks
39
and benefits such as car rental insurance fraud and identity theft protection
40
or even business purchase discounts although the variation in interest rates credit limits
41
and reward programs are overseen by the issuing financial institution MasterCard
42
and Visa compete for the co -branded association
43
and also participate in the drafting of the card terms
44
and conditions MasterCard and Visa receive about 0 .1 % of any individual transaction passed through their brands.
45
You can refer to this as some sort of exchange, charged to the merchant, or just a transaction fee.
46
You might think that this is quite little, but if you analyze this further, you'll find that it's not as little.
47
These companies conduct thousands of transactions on a daily basis, which brings them hundreds of billions of dollars annually.
48
Experts say that such a company can bag up to $1 trillion a year.
49
If you're not yet impressed, then think of it this way.
50
The UK GDP for 2017 was $2 ,622 trillion.
51
So, if you do the math, 1 trillion is approximately 4 % of the UK's GDP.
52
There's a huge difference between Visa and MasterCard and American Express and Discover.
53
Visa and MasterCard's main sources of revenue are the transaction fees which was established earlier.
54
They also cover the cost of maintaining their networks, customer service, troubleshooting, covering AML and any fraudulent transaction costs and so on.
55
The cost of transactions may differ based on the type of business, the type of card and of course the network brand.
56
Usually Visa and MasterCard have lower fees as compared to their competitors.
57
Visa and MasterCard are the only network payment processors that are involved in all the areas of the payment market.
58
Working solely as network operators, these companies have a unique advantage but work differently.
59
Taking a look at MasterCard's financials, we see that the company generated total revenue of $16 .9 billion in 2019, with a payment volume of $6 .5 billion.
60
Some of its card products include consumer credit, consumer debit, prepaid cards, and commercial product business.
61
MasterCard has a reportable business segment called Payment Solutions, which is divided according to geographics across the states and other countries.
62
The company earns a chunk of its revenue from service and data processing fees, just like Visa.
63
But the difference between the two is that MasterCard characterizes the fees differently.
64
Its service fees are negotiated and calculated as a percentage of the worldwide dollar value.
65
Date processing fees are called switching fees, which is a small fixed cost per transaction that's charged to the issuer.
66
MasterCard is known for offering three card levels, and these are Base, World, and World Elite.
67
MasterCard carries out transactions in more than 150 currencies across more than 210 countries and territories.
68
Even though the company does not have a monopoly on the payment industry, majorly due to similar operators like Visa and also the emergence of new payment service providers,
69
it is still largely successful globally.
70
A majority of its success being owed to the company brand and the cache it holds.
71
Mastercard sees having the upper hand over the up -and -coming payment systems with its ability to be a multi -rail network, covering domestic, cross -trader and card -based in account -to -account transactions.
72
The company vows to continue to develop and strengthen each of these channels in the future.
73
As for the traditional debit, credit, prepaid and commercial product, the company will continue to offer users and financial institutions a broader variety of options,
74
both in references to the products themselves as well as in payment plans and systems.
75
Although Mastercard is a major player in the global payment industry, it also experiences some crucial challenges.
76
Among the greatest is government regulation.
77
The company has gone through a number of antitrust suits over the years, and regulation frequently changes in a majority of the regions in which the company conducts business.
78
It has to remain flexible and alert to ensure its business excels.
79
Considering MasterCard's international and cross -border business, this is a significant component of its continued success.
80
When it comes to Visa, it also reports a single segment, which is payment services
81
but it occasionally divides its revenue into four smaller segments which generate the majority of the company's revenue.
82
These sub -segments are service revenue, data processing revenue, international transaction revenue, and other revenue.
83
Service revenue is attached to something called payment volume meaning
84
that the more a product costs the more MasterCard or Visa earn although in small amounts.
85
Data processing revenue refers to the fees collected based on the number of transactions made, rather than the value of each transaction.
86
International transaction revenues are generated whenever a cardholder purchases goods in a country different from the card issuer's country of origin.
87
Visa illustrates these sub -segments as components of net revenue, but they are reported gross of client incentives.
88
The total revenue summed up from each segment is equivalent to
89
a gross revenue close to $6 .4 billion for quarter three fiscal year.
90
2020. Visa's net revenue of $4 .8 billion for the quarter is the figure obtained
91
when client incentives are deducted from the gross revenue.
92
Recently, Visa announced it will extend its global partnership with PayPal.
93
The extension of this partnership will pave the way to the expansion of real -time access to funds for consumers
94
and small businesses that are either sending or receiving cash using PayPal, Zoom, or Venmo.
95
It will be able to expand PayPal's instant transfer services
96
which leverages visa direct for real -time payments one strategy
97
that a company can adapt to create growth is to improve its existing technology by extending product features
98
and visa and mastercard have a long history of doing just
99
so when they saw mobile which is now part of exxon introduce speedpass visa
100
and mastercard started working with third party merchants on a host of smart chip technologies for contactless payment touch
101
and go and pay with wave transactions.
102
When they saw the addition of personal passwords, Visa and MasterCard both revealed a card with an embedded fingerprint scanner,
103
a small square sitting at the top right hand corner that acts like a makeshift biometric reader.
104
All these innovations were meant to better the performance of their existing offerings. In conclusion,
105
both Visa and MasterCard seem to continuously revolutionize the electronic payment industry and don't appear to be slowing down anytime soon.
106
I hope you enjoyed the video.
107
Give it a thumbs up if you did and consider subscribing if you're new to the channel.
108
With that said, have a great day you guys and I'll see you all in the next one.
📺 同じチャンネル
✨ おすすめ動画
B29
46 文
What does Visa do? The answer might surprise you
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
45 文
How Money Is Created and How This Makes Some Rich and Some Poor
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
79 文
The Secret Behind Coca-Cola Marketing Strategy
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B23
159 文
The 'Buy Now Pay Later' Trap, Explained
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
43 文
Business Partner B2 Unit 4.1 Alternative video
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
74 文
What's Inside a Credit Card Chip? How It Actually Works
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B23
34 文
International Business Explained: Why Go International?
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
264 文
Save Money or Spend on Experiences? Two Friends Debate | Learn English Naturally
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B21
311 文
I bought Black Market AI Tokens on Chinese Amazon
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
302 文
What ACTUALLY Makes People Buy Things (Pricing Psychology Explained)
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
267 文
ALL OF BUSINESS Explained in 20 Minutes
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B23
31 文
English shadowing | Personal Finance Management | Level B2 | How to improve English
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
この動画で身につく英語スピーキングのスキル
この動画を使った英語スピーキング練習では、経済・ビジネス関連の説明的な文章を自然に話す能力が向上します。具体的には、「決済システムの仕組み」「企業の収益構造」などの複雑な内容を簡潔に伝えるための語彙選びや、長文を途切れずに話すリズムが身につきます。また、IELTSスピーキング対策にも役立つ、説明的なスピーチの構成力も養えます。
聞き取りに注意すべき発音・リンキング
動画の中には、自然なスピーチでよく見られるリンキングやリダクションがたくさんあります。例えば、「payment system」が「paymen(t) system」となるような子音の脱落、「it is」が「it's」、「they are」が「they're」となる短縮形などです。また、「Visa and MasterCard」のような固有名詞の連続では、語と語の間が滑らかにつながり、「Visa'n MasterCard」のように聞こえることがあります。これらの発音を注意深く聞き、真似ることで、よりネイティブらしい発音ができるようになります。
ネイティブのように話すコツ：リズムとアクセント
shadow speech（シャドーイング）の練習では、話者のリズムとアクセントを真似ることが重要です。この動画の話者は、説明的な内容を話す際に、キーワード（例えば「transaction fee」「co-branded relationships」など）にアクセントを置き、その前後を軽く話すことで、情報を明確に伝えています。また、長い文を区切るために適切なポーズを入れているので、そのタイミングも観察してみてください。これらのポイントを押さえて練習することで、より自然で伝わりやすいスピーチができるようになります。動画で英語学習を続けることで、徐々にネイティブのような発音とリズムが身につきますよ！
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | can be done · be processed · is intended |
| 関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える | Discover, which are · products which is · fees which was |
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。