ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: Inside Hitler's Final 48 Hours
กำลังสร้างบทเรียน...
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30th of April 1945.
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General Helmut Weitling stands at the entrance of the Führerbunker.
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In his hand is a message that can save thousands of lives.
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Before giving the message to Hitler, he must pass through three security checkpoints that turn away even the highest ranking officials.
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Around him, Berlin is collapsing.
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Failure is not an option.
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Walking down the corridor, he sees the first guard checkpoint.
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He hands the soldier sitting at the desk his identification and says, I'm General Helmut Weitling.
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I urge you to lead me to Caesar Führer.
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Weitling gets a nod of approval.
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The soldier gives a two-tap code, and the hermetic seal is broken.
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Weidling walks in.
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The easiest checkpoint is passed, but as he moves closer to Hitler, the security only grows stricter.
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General Weidling has just entered the first area known as the Vorbunker.
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Before he can deliver the message, he'll have to pass by two more checkpoints.
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Underneath him is a floor that is eight and a half feet deep made of concrete.
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Above him, the ceiling is 9 feet thick.
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Even though they might be protected from bombs, it's the thought of capture that creates intense fear and anxiety inside.
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The American and British forces are advancing rapidly through Western Germany, capturing critical major cities Munich, Nuremberg, and Hamburg.
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The Nazi's position is becoming weaker by the day.
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The first section of the Vorbunker holds a huge air purification system running constantly.
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giving the underground city its breathing power and preventing gas attacks.
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The dining area lies along the corridor, right next to the kitchen where meals are prepared for everyone, including Hitler's vegetarian dishes.
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Next is the storage and food pantry.
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With the city surrounded, Weidling knows the bunker's rations will soon be depleted.
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Down the hallway, he focuses on the next security checkpoint, Checkpoint, the entrance to the Fuhrerbunker where Hitler and his most important Nazis live.
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Here is Magda Goebbels bedroom and lounge where she and her six children live.
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This is Joseph Goebbels family, the propaganda chief and one of Hitler's most trusted men.
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Known to be one of the most violent anti-semitic members of the party.
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Neighboring the Goebbels is the guard and guest quarters.
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This area slept Hitler's personal staff.
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including his three secretaries, military personnel, bodyguards and temporary guests.
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Weidling is currently the head of the Berlin Defense Area, the last thing stopping the Soviets from completely taking over the city.
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Despite this high rank, he still might not get permission to pass this second checkpoint.
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I need to speak to the Führer, says Weidling.
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What's your business? replies the guard.
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Viadling looks at him sternly and says, That's not for you to know.
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The guard inspects his identification and picks up the phone.
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The Fuhrer bunker is protected by a nearly 12-foot thick steel reinforced concrete ceiling.
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On top of that is a few feet of compacted earth.
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Alongside this, to give the High Command more protection, the floor is 6.5 feet thick, and each room is protected by walls over 1 meter wide.
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This guard post is his only way in or out.
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Your weapons, please.
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Weidling hands the soldier at the door his pistol.
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Go through.
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Replies the guard at the desk.
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Weidling walks down the stairs.
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As he approaches the next door, Juhlheim Bergdorf comes out and asks Weidling what he needs that's so urgent.
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Weidling responds, I need to speak to the Führer immediately.
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The Führer cannot speak to you right now.
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I will relay the message.
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This message is for me to give to the Führer.
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This city is in chaos.
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Let me through.
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Bergdorf looks at him suspiciously.
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The soldiers gripped their guns tighter.
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By this stage of the war, trust had nearly vanished.
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Treachery was on the rise, and confidential information was being leaked to enemies daily.
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Veidling's letter could save thousands of lives, but he won't be let through this final checkpoint unless he can convince them of his urgency.
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A large airplane shell hits nearby, causing the bunker to shake and dust falls from the ceiling.
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Weidling.
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I must deliver this message.
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Brigdorf quickly grabs Weidling's arm and pulls him through the last security checkpoint.
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As Weidling enters the Fuhrer bunker, the tensions grow stronger.
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Even though he has managed to pass all three checkpoints, Hitler has executed officers for less extreme messages.
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Despite housing the most important Nazis, what you find inside the Fuhrer bunker is far from what you might imagine.
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Meters of damp air and mold stand in the way of General Weidling and Hitler.
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The whole bunker was built underneath the water table, so generators in the room to his left work overtime to keep the lights on.
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To the right is the typewriter's room.
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Young women sit at their desks.
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Not even a week ago, they were transcribing orders and working diligently, but now they sit idly.
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The men pierce their gaze up and see into the furthest room.
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A man begins walking towards them.
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Initially this room was one of the staff bedrooms, but it's been taken over by the man approaching.
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Inside there's a small single bed, desk and closet.
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This man is Martin Bormann, Hitler's most trusted secretary.
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Bormann knows that Weidling and Bergdorf standing together is not good news.
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Huddled and speaking in low tones, Weidling explains the situation.
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Bergdorf agrees to get Goebbels, and Bormann agrees to fetch Hitler.
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Then they will all meet in the map room where Weidling will break the news.
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On the walls of this corridor hang paintings espousing the Nazi ideology that is crumbling outside.
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This large corridor serves two purposes.
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The top command rooms are connected to this space, which is where they gather and discuss strategy.
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It also serves as the waiting area for the more intimate conference area, the map room.
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Almost everyone, including Helmut Weidling, had witnessed Hitler full of rage, madness, and pity curse out high command.
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Bergdorf knocks on the door to the right of the conference room.
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After a moment, he hears, Come here, rein.
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He enters.
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This part of the Fuhrer bunker serves several roles.
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The room is both Goebbels and the bunker's doctor's office.
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Inside there's a small medical bed and cabinets with medicines and tools.
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There's also a desk where Goebbels works.
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The farthest back is Dr. Ludwig Stumpfeger's bedroom.
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He is Hitler's personal physician and surgeon.
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Inside there's a small cramped bed and nightstand with a lamp.
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Next to it is Goebbels' personal bedroom.
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He switches between sleeping here and his family's room above in the Vorbunker.
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Bergdorf gets Gerbel's attention and tells him there is an emergency
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and that he needs to join them in the map room immediately.
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Opposite to Gerbel's office, across the corridor, is Hitler's section of the bunker.
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The first room is Hitler's office.
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Inside, Bormann sees modest items and a small desk with a black phone.
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He walks into the next room.
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This is Hitler's lounge.
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It has a wide couch placed against the back wall.
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In the corner is an oxygen tank.
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He always kept one nearby because he feared suffocating.
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In front is a small coffee table with papers and a thick red rug underneath.
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On the opposite wall is a small desk with some books and a large painting of Frederick the Great, Hitler's hero, hanging on the wall.
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Hitler shared this living space with Bondi, his German Shepherd.
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To the left of this is his partner Eva Braun's room.
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Inside, there's a small bed, closet, and table.
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Hitler's room is not much different.
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It has a slightly larger table with two chairs, a small bed, some cabinets, and a picture of his mother, which he would take wherever he went.
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The room also contains a large safe.
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Rather than expensive belongings, experts believe sensitive documents were locked inside, including Nazi dealings with foreign governments and highly classified intelligence.
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As it was lost to history, the truth will never be known.
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Orman tells Hitler that Weidling has an urgent message that they both need to attend to in the map room.
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Inside the small war room, the decorations are sparse.
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It has a cold metal table at its center and a large outdated map hanging on the wall.
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It shows the greatest extent of the now long gone Nazi empire.
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Weidling takes out a map and extends it on the table.
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Whatever happens next is beyond his control.
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Not too long ago, Hitler experienced one of the darkest moments of his life.
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His second in command, Heinrich Himmler, the chief architect of the Holocaust, had gone behind his back and tried to negotiate a peace treaty with the Allies.
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Hitler found out about this secret negotiation through a BBC radio report.
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Hitler raged at this betrayal and told those still with him in the bunker complex
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that Himmler's secret negotiations were the worst treachery he had ever known.
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Hitler ordered Himmler's arrest and the people associated with the negotiations were to be shot on sight.
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Weidling is deeply concerned about the punishment he might face, even though his circumstances are very different.
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A small crowd begins to gather, and the various members of the remaining High Command are inspecting Weidling's map.
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Hitler walks into the room.
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Place at ease, he says.
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Weidling's moment of truth arrives.
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He knows it can't possibly go well.
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The Soviets are achieving consistent major breakthroughs.
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We have been pushed back hundreds of meters from all major directions.
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They are less than a kilometer away from the bunker.
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There is worse news, my Führer.
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Weidling feels the room close in on him as he delivers the important message.
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Berlin will run out of ammunition within the next 24 hours.
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We have only a small number of bullets.
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Airdrops are no longer reaching our defenses and we have only a small amount of soldiers left.
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Hitler does not interrupt him.
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He stares at the map.
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My Führer, I suggest we try to escape this city.
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We have already lost fifteen thousands of our youngest soldiers.
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Hitler breaks his sentence.
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That's what young people are for.
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Weidling almost stutters.
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He goes for his trump card.
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I have already drafted an order.
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We can begin the escape immediately.
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All we need is your signature.
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At this moment, Goebbels speaks up.
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What you are suggesting is a fantasy.
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The Fuhrer cannot simply run away.
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Feidling's heart beats rapidly.
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Sweat forms on his forehead.
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Everyone in the room knows that the once almighty Fuhrer is no longer the commander he once was.
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Within the last weeks, he has become delusional and refuses to believe that victory is not possible.
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He speaks one last time.
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Gentlemen, we won't leave Berlin.
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Reach out to the generals outside the city.
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They will be able to deliver the decisive blow to the Soviets.
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He stands up and exits the room.
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Weidling stands in silence.
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On April 30, 1945, Adolf Hitler was found dead alongside Eva Braun, whom he married in the conference room less than 40 hours earlier.
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Einzlinge, Hitler's valet, was the first to discover the scene.
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While looking for Hitler, he smelt gunpowder in the damp air outside his living quarters.
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However, he could not enter the room due to the door being locked.
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He immediately called for Bormann, and the two men kicked open the door and laid eyes upon the aftermath.
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Both bodies were taken to the Führerbunker's emergency exit, which led to the Reich Chancellery Garden above the bunker.
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Resources were so scarce that SS guards hastily buried Hitler's body in a shell crater
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and siphoned gasoline from abandoned cars nearby to burn the remains.
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Once the fire had died down, the leftovers were buried with mud and dirt to conceal them entirely.
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In the hours that followed, several high-ranking Nazi officials in the bunker also refused to surrender.
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This includes Joseph Goebbels, the Minister of Propaganda, who manipulated the entire country,
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laid to rest his six innocent children before himself alongside his wife, Magda.
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Magda.
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General Weidling decided to surrender, hoping to save the remaining lives under his command.
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On May 2nd, he ordered the last defenders of Berlin to lay down their arms.
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However, isolated groups of German troops without this knowledge continued to resist until the unconditional surrender on May 7th.
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The structure that once housed Nazi Germany's high command
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was blown up by Soviet and later East German forces in the post-war years.
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However, because of its robust design, some of it still remains today, dismantled and abandoned.
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The man responsible for the deaths of 6 million Jews, 2 million Poles, 3 million Soviet prisoners of war alongside the destruction of Europe,
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was unceremoniously buried in an unmarked grave that today is a parking lot.
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คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้
วิดีโอนี้มี 201 ประโยค และ 2317 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 16:00 ผู้พูดพูดด้วยความเร็วสม่ำเสมอ ประมาณ 145 คำต่อนาที เหมาะกับการฝึกพูดตาม มีเพียง 76% ของคำที่อยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ คำศัพท์จึงค่อนข้างยาก
คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้
คำที่ควรเรียนรู้ 15 คำจากวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:
| คำศัพท์ | คำอ่าน | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|
| bunker คำนาม | /ˈbʌŋ.kə/ | หลุมหลบภัย |
| desk คำนาม | /dɛsk/ | โต๊ะ, โต๊ะทำงาน |
| corridor คำนาม | /ˈkɒɹɪdɔː/ | ฉนวน |
| bedroom คำนาม | /ˈbɛdˌɹum/ | ห้องนอน |
| thick คำคุณศัพท์ | /θɪk/ | หนา |
| ceiling คำนาม | /ˈsilɪŋ/ | เพดาน |
| surrender คำกริยา | /səˈɹɛndə(ɹ)/ | ยอมแพ้, ทู้ |
| bury คำกริยา | /ˈbɛɹi/ | ฝัง |
| negotiation คำนาม | /nɪˌɡəʊ.ʃiˈeɪ.ʃən/ | การต่อรอง, การเจรจา |
| capture คำกริยา | /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/ | ยึด |
| entrance คำนาม | /ˈɛn.tɹəns/ | ทางเข้า |
| shell คำนาม | /ʃɛl/ | กระดอง, เปลือก |
| urgent คำคุณศัพท์ | /ˈɜː.d͡ʒənt/ | ด่วน |
| meter คำนาม | /ˈmitəɹ/ | มิเตอร์ |
| abandon คำกริยา | /əˈbæn.dən/ | ทิ้ง, ละทิ้ง |
กริยาวลีที่คุณจะได้ยิน
| คำศัพท์ | ความหมาย |
|---|---|
| die down คำกริยา | สงบตัวลง |
| lie down คำกริยา | นอน |
| pick up คำกริยา | ยก, หยิบ |
| take off คำกริยา | ถอด |
การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง
ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 5 ครั้ง เช่น won't, can't, he'll ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน
- เสียง “th”: thick /θɪk/, underneath /ˌʌndɚˈniθ/, gather /ˈɡæðɚ/, breathe /bɹiːð/, theft /θɛft/
- เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: negotiation /nɪˌɡəʊ.ʃiˈeɪ.ʃən/, capture /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/, shell /ʃɛl/, identification /aɪˌdɛn(t)ɪfɪˈkeɪʃn̩/, shock /ʃɔk/
- คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: negotiation /nɪˌɡəʊ.ʃiˈeɪ.ʃən/, identification /aɪˌdɛn(t)ɪfɪˈkeɪʃn̩/, temporary /ˈtɛmp(əˌɹ)ɛɹi/, anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/, repeatedly /ɹɪˈpiːtɪdli/
วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้
- ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
- พูดตามทีละประโยคด้วยความเร็วปกติ ทำซ้ำแต่ละประโยคจนจังหวะของคุณตรงกับผู้พูด
- อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง bunker, desk, corridor เป็นพิเศษ
ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้
โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:
| โครงสร้าง | ในวิดีโอ |
|---|---|
| Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ | has been sponsored · is broken · is passed |
| Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน | has been sponsored · has just entered · has managed |
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ