ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: 블랙핑크 제니 (Jennie) 보그 영어인터뷰로 영어공부 / 들으면서 영어쉐도잉 하기
กำลังสร้างบทเรียน...
1
Hello, I'm Hiona TV.
2
I'm Hiona.
3
I'm Hiona.
4
I'm Hiona.
5
Well, well, well, well, Jenny's showdown.
6
I'm the cold plunge method.
7
Cold plunge method is a cold plunge method.
8
It's a cold plunge method that helps to get a lot of water.
9
Then I'll look at what the details are.
10
I started cold plunging a few years back while I was working on my body after hours of rehearsing for tour.
11
In Korea, the sauna culture is really big, so I would go to sauna like every single day
12
and doing the cold plunge right after was a natural thing for me.
13
I started cold plunging A few years back,
14
while I was working on my body after hours of rehearsing for tour, I started cold plunging.
15
A few years back
16
while I was working on my body after hours of rehearsing for tour meaning "what is the problem or the situation?"
17
I need to work on your patience.
18
I really need to work on my confidence.
19
In Korea, the sauna culture is really big.
20
So I would go to sauna like every single day.
21
And doing the cold punch right after was a natural thing for me.
22
In Korea the sauna culture is really big
23
so I would go to sauna like every single day and doing the cold plunge right after
24
was a natural thing for me.
25
The first time was a surprise.
26
I freaked out a little bit, but instantly I felt like the soreness and tightness of my body went away.
27
And maybe because it was the first time, I just had this instant boost in my mood and an overall emotional relief.
28
Bye.
29
The first time was a surprise.
30
I freaked out a little bit.
31
But instantly, I felt like the soreness and tightness of my body went away.
32
And maybe because it was the first time, I just had this instant boost in my mood.
33
And an overall emotional relief.
34
The first time was a surprise.
35
I freaked out a little bit but instantly I felt like the soreness and tightness of my body went away.
36
And maybe because it was the first time I just had this instant boost in my mood and an overall emotional relief.
37
Here is the first meaning of freak out.
38
It's the first meaning of the situation or the situation.
39
I think I'm going to get freaked out.
40
This is a very good expression that I use in the environment in the United States.
41
It's like a reset button for your body.
42
By the time I'm in front of the water, I prep my mental.
43
I feel like I should be running.
44
More of a fellittle.
45
I'm ready.
46
I'm not scared.
47
What a beautiful view to have while you cold plunge.
48
It's like a reset button for your body.
49
By the time I'm in front of the water, I prep my mental.
50
I feel like I should be running.
51
I feel a little.
52
I'm ready.
53
I'm not scared.
54
What a beautiful view to have while you cold plunge.
55
It's like a reset button for your body.
56
You can see the first time on the computer, smartphone, and game device.
57
It's a very important meaning of reset button.
58
It's a new meaning.
59
God, I need this night to reset myself.
60
I'd like to hit the reset button on our relationship.
61
By the time I'm in front of the water, I prep my mental.
62
I feel like I should be running warm off a little.
63
I'm ready.
64
I'm not scared.
65
What a beautiful view to have while you cold plunge.
66
I'm not delaying my challenge right now.
67
It's usually a form of just letting go of my anxiety.
68
I jump around sometimes to get my blood flowing.
69
I normally try to slow my breathing.
70
that already gives you a calm energy.
71
kind of prepare your mind.
72
As I put my foot into the water, there's an instant pain.
73
I'm not delaying my challenge right now.
74
is usually a form of just letting go of my anxiety I jump around sometimes to get my blood flowing.
75
I normally try to slow my breathing.
76
That already gives you a calm energy.
77
kind of prepare your mind.
78
As I put my foot into the water, there's an instant pain.
79
I'm not delaying my challenge right now.
80
It's usually a form of like just letting go of my anxiety.
81
Here is "let go" and I also hear this expression.
82
When I was in a house, my husband would say "let go let go !" like this.
83
It's the first meaning of the meaning of the thing that is "the thing is to put in hand"
84
But it's usually when we break the relationship with a friend.
85
It's hard to break the feelings of the feelings of the
86
feelings of the feelings of the feelings of the feelings of
87
the feelings of the feelings of the feelings of the feelings
88
of the feelings of the feelings of the feelings of the
89
feelings of the feelings of the feelings of the feelings of
90
the feelings of the feelings of the feelings of the feelings
91
of the feelings of the feelings of the feelings of the
92
feelings of the feelings of the feelings of the feelings of
93
the feelings of the feelings of the feelings of the feelings
94
of the feelings of the feelings of the feelings of the
95
feelings of the feelings of the feelings of the feelings of
96
the feelings of the feelings of the feelings of the feelings
97
of the feelings of the feelings of the feelings of the
98
feelings of the feelings of the feelings of the feelings of
99
the feelings of the feelings of the feelings of the feelings
100
of the feelings of the feelings of the feelings of the feelings of the feelings of the feelings
101
And the animation Frozen song also shows the song.
102
If I'm not sure if I'm not sure about it, I didn't know I was singing.
103
I'm doing it.
104
Let it go, let it go.
105
Like a song, you can use the meaning of a past life.
106
I love someone you love so dearly.
107
I know it's hard to let go of something you love.
108
I jump around sometimes to get my blood flowing.
109
I normally try to slow my breathing.
110
that already gives you a calm energy.
111
kind of prepare your mind As I put my foot into the water, there's an instant pain.
112
Once your body is in the water, you're gonna feel this tingle.
113
But you really gotta believe in yourself.
114
I often tell myself to toughen up.
115
Like, this is just water.
116
Like, you're not gonna die in this water.
117
Once your body is in the water, you're gonna feel this tingle.
118
But you really gotta believe in yourself.
119
I often tell myself to toughen up.
120
Like, this is just water.
121
Like, you're not gonna die in this water.
122
Once your body is in the water, you're gonna feel this tingle.
123
Here is tingle.
124
This is our husband's mouth is using a word that we can't forget.
125
When I use this word, I will use this word.
126
First, when you use the tongue, you can use it.
127
Tickle and tingle are confused by the people who are in trouble.
128
Tickle is usually a sensitive connection with a sensitive feeling.
129
It's like a feeling of feeling of warmth, feeling of anxiety, and a little bit of a feeling of anxiety.
130
Finally, when you eat a marathon, it's so hot and it's so cold.
131
You can also say, "My tongue is tingling." - Any pain or tingling in your arms fingers?
132
- When I saw you, I felt inside myself a tingling lingling sensation.
133
But you really got to believe in yourself.
134
I often tell myself to toughen up.
135
Like, this is just water.
136
Like you're not gonna die in this water.
137
I also often tell myself to toughen up.
138
I said, "I need to be stronger." Because life is tough, so we have to toughen up and keep going.
139
Life is hard, but it's stronger and we have to go.
140
I'm telling you, "I don't want water." I was so scared when I saw the weather.
141
You gotta toughen up.
142
And toughen up.
143
Because that's easier than changing.
144
you I tell myself that this is something that I want to do, and it's not for the pain, it's for the relief.
145
And saying those words to me inspired me to finish that time limit that you set yourself before you get in.
146
I tell myself that this is something that I want to do, and it's not for the pain, it's for the relief.
147
And saying those words to me inspired me to finish that time limit that you set yourself before you get in.
148
I tell myself that this is something that I want to do, and it's not for the pain, it's for the reliefs.
149
And saying those words to me inspired me to finish
150
that time limit that you set yourself before you get in you
151
The second you walk in is when you want to get out, but I usually like to set my goals.
152
So I would set an alarm for two minutes and thirty seconds
153
and when the alarm goes off and I'm still able to like hold this coldness, I tell myself, let's see how long I can do today.
154
I recommend to go like five seconds more every single time, even like ten seconds maybe,
155
and gradually your body learn to deal with this pain and you feel so proud of yourself.
156
The second you walk in is when you want to get out, but I usually like to set my goals.
157
So I would set an alarm for 2 minutes and 30 seconds
158
and when the alarm goes off and I'm still able to like hold this coldness,
159
I tell myself, "Let's see how long I can do today." I recommend to go like 5 seconds more every single time,
160
even like 10 seconds maybe, and gradually your body.. learn to deal with this pain and you feel so proud of yourself.
161
The second you walk in is when you want to get out, but I usually like to set my goals.
162
So I would set an alarm for two minutes and thirty seconds
163
and when the alarm goes off and I'm still able to hold this coldness.
164
Here is a "go off" called "go off" which means there are many meanings.
165
First, it's "fire" or "fire" or "fire" or "fire" or "fire"
166
or "fire" or "fire" or "fire" or "fire" or "fire"
167
or "fire" or "fire" or "fire" or "fire" or "fire"
168
or "fire" or "fire" or "fire" or "fire" or "fire"
169
or "fire" or "fire" or "fire" or "fire" or "fire"
170
or "fire" or "fire" or "fire" or "fire" or "fire"
171
or "fire" or "fire" or "fire" or "fire" or "fire"
172
or "fire" or "fire" or "fire" or "fire" or "fire"
173
or "fire" or "fire" or "fire" or "fire" or "fire"
174
or "fire" or "fire" or "fire" or "fire" or "fire"
175
or "fire" or "fire" or "fire" or "fire" or "fire" or "fire" or "fire" or "fire" or "fire" or " Thirdly, "to leave" and fourthly, "to eat" and "to eat" and "to eat"
176
and "to eat" and "to eat" and "to eat" and "to eat"
177
and "to eat" and "to eat" and "to eat" and "to eat"
178
and "to eat" and "to eat" and "to eat" and "to eat"
179
and "to eat" and "to eat" and "to eat" and "to eat"
180
and "to eat" and "to eat" and "to eat" and "to eat"
181
and "to eat" and "to eat" and "to eat" and "to eat"
182
and "to eat" and "to eat" and "to eat" and "to eat"
183
and "to eat" and "to eat" and "to eat" and "to eat"
184
and "to eat" and "to eat" and "to eat" and "to eat"
185
and "to eat" and "to eat" and "to eat" and "to eat"
186
and "to eat" and "to eat" and "to eat" and "to eat"
187
and "to eat" and "to eat" and "to eat" and "to eat"
188
and "to eat" and "to eat" and "to eat" and "to eat"
189
and "to eat" and "to eat" and "to eat" and "to eat"
190
and "to eat" and "to eat" and "to eat" and "to eat"
191
and "to eat" and like five seconds more every single time, even like 10 seconds maybe, and gradually your body learn to deal with this pain and
192
You feel so proud of yourself.
193
Oh, I've learned to deal with pain.
194
One of the main reasons why I started cold plunging was to recover myself after doing lots of performances and doing tours.
195
I was overworking my body and every night I would go to sleep in pain
196
and I couldn't figure out how to treat myself when I was in these situations where my muscles were tightened up.
197
And by doing cold plunge, it taught me how to embrace tension and help me push through challenges.
198
whether in my personal life or creatively.
199
One of the main reasons why I started cold plunging was to recover myself after doing lots of performances and doing tours.
200
I was overworking my body and every night I would go to sleep in pain
201
and I couldn't figure out how to treat myself when I was in these situations where my muscles were tightened up.
202
And by doing cold plunge, it taught me how to embrace tension and help me push through challenges.
203
whether in my personal life or creatively.
204
One of the main reasons why I started cold plunging was to recover myself after doing lots of performances and
205
Figure Out is a tool that you should know a lot of people.
206
Here's Jenny's "I couldn't figure out how to treat myself." 라고 해서, "I couldn't figure out how to treat myself." 라고 해서, "I couldn't figure out how to treat myself." 라고 해서, "I couldn't figure out how to treat myself." 라고 해서,
207
"나 자신을 어떻게 대해야 하는 방법을 알 수 없다고 하잖아요." 그래서 첫 번째 뜻인 "뭐뭐에 대해 알아내다" 라는 뜻으로 쓰였어요.
208
비슷한 표현으로 "find out" 이 있는데요.
209
"find out" 은 단순히 정보를 알아내는 걸 말하고, "figure out" 은 생각하고 이해하는 과정을 포함해요.
210
Solve is usually solve the problem.
211
That's why we use solve the problem.
212
The problem is that the problem is "sualve the problem" and "sualve the problem" is called "sualve the problem".
213
Figure out is a human's feelings or a complicated situation.
214
I knew you'd figure it out.
215
Figure what out?
216
Figure these out!
217
Thank you.
218
First, I'll use a knife and a knife to make a knife and a knife.
219
In the video, Muscle and Skin are very tight and tight.
220
or the behavior of the behavior that you can do more and more.
221
I need to tighten up on my studies to pass the exam.
222
I need to tighten up on my studies to pass the exam.
223
I need to tighten up on my studies to pass the exam.
224
I need to tighten up on my studies to pass the exam.
225
I need to tighten up on my studies to pass the exam.
226
I'm starting to tighten up.
227
I'm tightening up my skin.
228
And by doing cold plunge, it taught me how to embrace tension.
229
"I'm a believer, I'm a believer, I'm a believer." We're really hard to say in English.
230
We're trying to embrace it.
231
We're trying to embrace it.
232
I think that I really embrace the challenge.
233
He's embracing the future.
234
And help me push through challenges, whether in my personal life or creativity.
235
Working on this album, I would say cold plunging was number one thing that helped me get through mentally.
236
Because it was a tough time.
237
I pushed myself to be in the studio every single day for a couple months.
238
That's how I ended the night, by doing a cold plunge.
239
It refreshed me and that's how I reset myself for the next day.
240
Working on this album, I would say cold plunging was number one thing that helped me get through mentally.
241
Because it was a tough time.
242
I pushed myself to be in the studio every single day for a couple months.
243
That's how I ended the night, by doing a cold plunge.
244
it refreshed me and that's how I reset myself for the next day.
245
Working on this album, I would say Cold Plunging was
246
number one thing that helped me get through mentally.
247
Here is a different meaning.
248
In the video, Jenny says that he has to overcome the pain of the pain.
249
So it's the first meaning of the "favorite
250
or hard" meaning to overcome the pain or the pain of the pain." a couple months.
251
That's how I ended the night, by doing a cold plunge and it It refreshed me and that's how I reset myself for the next day.
252
As much as I love it, I get scared every single time.
253
But breaking through that fear
254
and pushing myself to do it every day kind of motivated me
255
and made me believe that I am tougher than I think I am.
256
You know, you're really doing it for yourself.
257
There's no one watching.
258
As much as I love it, I get scared every single time, But breaking through that fear and pushing myself to do it every day,
259
kind of motivated me and made me believe that I am tougher than I think I am.
260
You know, you're really doing it for yourself.
261
There's no one watching.
262
As much as I love it, I get scared every single time.
263
But breaking through that fear and pushing myself to do it every day.
264
Breakthrough 역시 다양한 의미가 있는데요.
265
직역해서 break, 부셔서, through, 뚫다 라고 해서 뚫고 나가다, 즉 돌파다 라는 뜻이 있고요.
266
그 밖에 극복하다 라는 의미가 있어요.
267
이때 극복하다 라는 단어 overcome 도 알아두시면 좋겠죠.
268
Here it is called fear, "durgeoning fear" in this term.
269
How do I break through?
270
The only thing about the breakthrough is your...
271
Kind of motivated me and made me believe that I am tougher than I think I am.
272
You know, you're really doing it for yourself.
273
There's no one watching.
274
Ready to go.
275
Yay!
✨ วิดีโอแนะนำ
![[셀럽영어쉐도잉] 👄 '때려박는 딕션'의 소유자! 앤 해서웨이의 명확하고 세련된 영어 따라 하기!](https://img.youtube.com/vi/lrWitofq0Rc/mqdefault.jpg)
B11
215 ประโยค
[셀럽영어쉐도잉] 👄 '때려박는 딕션'의 소유자! 앤 해서웨이의 명확하고 세련된 영어 따라 하기!
Business EnglishTravel EnglishDaily Conversation
B28
71 ประโยค
Cold Plunging With JENNIE | Vogue
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B11
93 ประโยค
신종사기
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B11
410 ประโยค
My Embarrassing First Week at the Gym | English Listening Practice | Bonus 182
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B21
383 ประโยค
Learn English BLACKPINK's JENNIE
Business EnglishDaily ConversationHigh School Students
![[1분미드영어] 올해엔 정말 끝냅시다.. 미드로 공부하는 법 프렌즈 시즌1-1](https://img.youtube.com/vi/gkPYPKWQSqs/mqdefault.jpg)
B1291 ประโยค
[1분미드영어] 올해엔 정말 끝냅시다.. 미드로 공부하는 법 프렌즈 시즌1-1
Business EnglishInterview EnglishDaily Conversation
B112
184 ประโยค
My Morning Routine ENGLISH LESSON—Learn English with Me! | Speaking English Lesson—Pronunciation
American AccentBusiness EnglishDaily ConversationHigh School Students
B11
225 ประโยค
이것만 달달 외워도 무조건 영어초보 탈출! 미국인의 저녁일상 영어회화 | 영어말하기 어렵다면 딱 10번만 보세요!
American AccentDaily ConversationHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
B111
49 ประโยค
Shadowing English with Ariana GRANDE | American English accent (lesson #18)
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B18
511 ประโยค
English Speaking Conversations practice to Learn English | Improve English Speaking Skills
Business EnglishDaily ConversationHigh School Students
B21
38 ประโยค
Luyện tập bóng tối P10… Xem thêm Ẩn bản dịch
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B11
225 ประโยค
【morning + night routine ☀︎☪︎】25歳都内住み🗼の1day Vlog 🪴🛏️🌙最近のskin care 紹介🧖♀️
Travel EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้
บทเรียนฝึกพูดระดับ B1 นี้ใช้วิดีโอ “블랙핑크 제니 (Jennie) 보그 영어인터뷰로 영어공부 / 들으면서 영어쉐도잉 하기” เป็นสื่อ คำที่ถูกพูดซ้ำบ่อยที่สุด: feeling, eat, cold, pain, plunge วิดีโอนี้มี 273 ประโยค และ 2986 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 19:20 ผู้พูดพูดด้วยความเร็วเป็นธรรมชาติ ประมาณ 154 คำต่อนาที ใกล้เคียงกับบทสนทนาในชีวิตประจำวัน 84% ของคำอยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ ส่วนที่เหลือควรดูไว้ก่อนเริ่มฝึก
คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้
คำที่ยากที่สุด 15 คำในวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:
| คำศัพท์ | คำอ่าน | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|
| embrace คำกริยา | /ɛmˈbɹes/ | กอด |
| sauna คำนาม | /ˈsɔː.nə/ | ซาวน่า |
| examination คำนาม | /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/ | ไต่สวน |
| coldness คำนาม | /ˈkoʊldnəs/ | ความเย็น |
| preposition คำนาม | /ˌpɹɛpəˈzɪʃən/ | บุพบท, บุรพบท |
| believer คำนาม | /bɪˈlivɚ/ | ผู้เชื่อ, ผู้ศรัทธา |
| instantly คำกริยาวิเศษณ์ | /ˈɪnstəntli/ | ทันที |
| breathe คำกริยา | /bɹiːð/ | หายใจ |
| overcome คำกริยา | /ˌəʊ.vəˈkʌm/ | เอาชนะ |
| tickle คำกริยา | /ˈtɪkl̩/ | จี้ |
| clap คำกริยา | /klæp/ | ตบมือ |
| sigh คำกริยา | /saɪ/ | ถอนใจ |
| creativity คำนาม | /kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/ | ความคิดสร้างสรรค์ |
| smartphone คำนาม | /ˈsmɑɹtfoʊn/ | สมาร์ตโฟน |
| marathon คำนาม | /ˈmæɹəθən/ | มาราธอน |
ประโยคที่ควรฝึกพูดซ้ำ
ประโยคสั้น ๆ ที่สมบูรณ์จากวิดีโอ ซึ่งนำไปใช้ในบทสนทนาประจำวันได้:
- I'm the cold plunge method.
- Then I'll look at what the details are.
- I think I'm going to get freaked out.
- It's like a reset button for your body.
- How do I break through?
ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้
โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:
| โครงสร้าง | ในวิดีโอ |
|---|---|
| Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ | were tightened · is called |
| Past continuous was/were + -ing — การกระทำที่กำลังดำเนินอยู่ ณ ช่วงหนึ่งในอดีต | was working · was singing · was overworking |
| คำแนะนำด้วย “should” should + กริยา — บอกสิ่งที่ควรทำ | should be · should know |
| ขั้นกว่า -er than / more … than — เปรียบเทียบสองสิ่ง | easier than · tougher than |
การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง
ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 65 ครั้ง เช่น I'm, you're, couldn't ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน
- เสียง “th”: breathe /bɹiːð/, breakthrough /ˈbɹeɪk.θɹuː/, fourthly /ˈfɔːɹθ.li/, warmth /wɔɹmθ/, marathon /ˈmæɹəθən/
- เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, preposition /ˌpɹɛpəˈzɪʃən/, refresh /ɹɪˈfɹɛʃ/, tension /ˈtɛnʃən/, showdown /ˈʃoʊˌdaʊn/
- คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, preposition /ˌpɹɛpəˈzɪʃən/, creatively /kɹiˈeɪtɪvli/, creativity /kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/, animation /ˌæn.ɪˈmeɪ.ʃən/
เสียงที่คนไทยมักออกเสียงยาก:
- เสียงท้ายคำ — ออกเสียงให้ครบ ไม่เปลี่ยนเป็นตัวสะกดแบบไทย: plunge /plʌnd͡ʒ/, tingle /ˈtɪŋɡəl/, embrace /ɛmˈbɹes/, coldness /ˈkoʊldnəs/, rehearse /ɹɪˈhɝs/
- /v/ — ไม่ใช่ /w/ ให้ฟันบนแตะริมฝีปากล่าง: motivate /ˈmoʊ.tɪ.veɪt/, believer /bɪˈlivɚ/, overcome /ˌəʊ.vəˈkʌm/, recover /ɹɪˈkʌvɚ/, creatively /kɹiˈeɪtɪvli/
- /z/ — เสียงก้อง ไม่ใช่ /s/: examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, preposition /ˌpɹɛpəˈzɪʃən/
วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้
- ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
- เริ่มที่ความเร็ว 0.75× พูดตามทีละประโยค แล้วกลับไปใช้ความเร็วปกติเมื่อเริ่มคล่อง
- อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง embrace, sauna, examination เป็นพิเศษ
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ