ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: LISTEN like a NATIVE SPEAKER - English Lesson
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Today we're going to talk about music, the music of language, of English, and how native speakers listen to it.
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The stress, the up -down shape, is the anchor for me when I'm listening, and it gives me that familiar structure.
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Everything that I hear fits within this structure of stress.
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Tom's going to teach you how to identify what native speakers identify when they're listening to English,
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and how to use that to your advantage to be more easily understood when you're speaking English.
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Who's Tom?
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He's a standout teacher in Rachel's English Academy, he coaches students every day,
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and I have seen and heard the amazing progress that students can make when working with him.
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First he's going to talk about the music of English, and then he's going to use some clips from movies to illustrate what he's teaching you.
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I know.
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I know.
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I know.
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I know.
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I know.
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Hi, I'm Tom Kelly, a Rachel's English teacher with Rachel's English Academy.
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I work with students all over the world, and there's one thing that I think really helps students speak more like native speakers.
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And it has nothing to do with actually speaking.
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It comes before speaking, and it's all about listening.
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In order to speak like a native speaker, you really want to be able to listen like a native speaker.
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And that's what this video is all about.
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Let's get started.
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So what does it mean to listen like a native speaker?
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Well, the first thing we want to think about is the fact that English is a stress -timed language.
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So what does that mean?
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It means that our syllables are going to be different lengths from one another.
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Now we're going to have stressed syllables, which are the longer syllables, and we're going to have unstressed syllables, which are shorter.
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I'm going to pop in for a minute to try something new.
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We have a sponsor for this video, the good people at Skillshare.
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Skillshare.
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anywhere in the world.
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Let's thank them for supporting this channel.
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If you find a course you like, let me know in the video comments below.
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Okay, let's get back to the lesson.
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Here's how I like to think about stressed and unstressed syllables.
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Unstressed syllables are quicker.
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They're flatter in vocal pitch.
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They use less energy.
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Often that means they
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They don't use as much movement from your articulators, your jaw, your tongue, your lips.
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And they can be just a little less clear often than stressed syllables.
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Alright, so that leaves stressed syllables.
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What are they?
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They're longer.
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They have more energy.
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They use more movement from the articulators.
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They're clearer.
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And I think probably the most important part of a stressed syllable is the curve in the pitch of the voice.
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Rachel calls this the shape of stress.
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It's an up and down musical curve in the voice that happens on stressed syllables in American English.
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So those stressed syllables with that up -down shape, those are my anchors.
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And that's what gives me a familiar structure when I'm listening to English. So great.
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We know that stressed syllables are longer, they have this musical element with this up and down curve in the voice,
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and that unstressed syllables are quicker and flatter in vocal pitch.
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Now what?
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Well, now I have to tell you that syllables are more important than words when it comes to spoken American English.
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Now, what does that mean?
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When you are reading English and you're looking at all the words on a page, the words are very important.
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It's the words that are giving you that information, and you need them to be spaced out in order to read more easily.
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Well, when we speak English, we don't really worry about any of those breaks in between words, do we?
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We kind of mash everything together into one long word.
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Yes, I was just working on a video on this topic.
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When you read, the unit that you focus on is a word.
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But when you're listening or speaking, the unit isn't the word, it's a thought group.
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And a thought group is any collection of words between breaks when speaking.
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It can be really short, you can have a one word thought group like, like, hi.
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Or it can be much longer, a very long sentence with no breaks.
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Or it can be much longer, a very long sentence with no breaks. For example.
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Let's take the phrase, I'll see you later.
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I'll see you later.
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How many words are in there?
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I'll see you later.
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There's four words.
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I'll see you later.
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But when we speak it, I'll see you later.
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I'll see you later.
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I'll see you later.
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There really only sounds like there's one word.
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So the syllables, the stressed syllables, are the important part.
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That's what we want to bring out in our sentences, in our phrases, so that our listeners can understand us.
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And that's what native speakers are listening for.
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They're listening for the stressed syllables.
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Now, I'll see you later.
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How can we tell what the stressed syllables are?
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I'll see you later.
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I'll see you later.
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What did we say about stressed syllables?
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They have that up and down curve in the pitch of the voice.
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How many up and down curves in my voice do you hear?
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I'll see you later.
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I'll see you later.
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I'll see you later. To.
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See.
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Lay.
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Those are the important syllables.
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Those are the stressed syllables in the content words in that phrase.
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I'll see you later.
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I'll see you later.
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Now, another thing to think about that proves again that syllables are more important than words
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is that a four -word phrase can take the exact same amount of time
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that it takes a four -syllable word to say.
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What did I just say?
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Four words will take just as long to say as one word?
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Yes, because it's the syllables that are important.
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Let's take an example like vulnerable.
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Vulnerable.
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There's four syllables in that word.
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Vulnerable.
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How many stress syllables do you hear?
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Vulnerable.
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Vulnerable.
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Just one, right?
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That first syllable has that up and down quality in the voice.
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Vol.
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Vulnerable.
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Vulnerable.
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Now, let's take a phrase, give it to me.
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Give it to me.
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Four words, each word is one syllable, so four syllables in that phrase.
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Give it to me.
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Give it to me.
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Again, can you hear the up and down quality in one of those words?
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Give it to me.
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Give.
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Give it to me.
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So we have the first word, the first syllable stressed.
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Give.
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Give it to me.
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Vulnerable.
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Vulnerable.
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Give it to me.
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They both have the exact same music and they both take the exact same amount of time to say.
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Once you know the music and rhythm pattern of a phrase or word like that,
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all of a sudden you can speak the music of a bunch of different phrases and words.
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Let's look at a few of them.
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Confession.
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Confession.
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I love it.
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I love it.
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I'll have one.
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I'll have one.
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Uh.
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Uh.
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Do you hear that it's the same music under all of these phrases and words.
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He did it.
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He did it.
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I know that.
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I know that.
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Ah.
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Productive.
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Productive.
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Ah.
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Let's listen to all of them right in a row.
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Confession.
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I love it.
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I'll have one.
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He did it.
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I know that.
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Productive.
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Ah.
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Ah.
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It's all the same music.
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Listen for that stressed syllable in phrases and words, and that's what you want to begin imitating once you've started to hear it.
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Now what's awesome is there is so much material out there
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that you can listen to to get a sense for the musicality, to begin listening in this way, to begin listening like a native speaker.
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So Rachel actually made a video about how to use youglish .com to practice your pronunciation.
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This is a great tool to use to begin listening like a native speaker
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so that can imitate with more precision and clarity and native speaker quality.
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But let's go ahead and take a little bit of time here to listen to some TV
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and film clips and see if we can hear the music, hear the rhythm, hear the important stressed syllables.
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The phrase is, I know, I know.
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I know.
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I know.
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I know.
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I know.
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I know.
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I know.
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I know.
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I know.
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I know.
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I know.
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I know.
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I know.
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I know.
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I know.
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I know.
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How many stress syllables do you hear?
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I know.
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Just one.
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No. Right?
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All of them are going to say the exact same musical rhythm pattern here.
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Now, everyone is completely unique.
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They may shift exactly the way that they're expressing themselves with these words, but the rhythm, that stress syllable,
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that up -and -down quality in the voice, that musical quality, is there for all of them.
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Let's listen again.
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I know.
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I know.
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I know.
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I know.
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I know, I know, I know, I know, I know, I know, I know, I know, I know, I know, I know.
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How about this phrase?
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You're the best, you're the best, you're the best, you're the best, you're the best, you're the best, you're the best, you're the best,
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you're the best, you're the best.
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How many stressed syllables do you hear?
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You're the best, you're the best.
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I just hear that up and down curve in the voice on best.
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Best.
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So that's our stressed syllable.
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That's the important syllable.
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You're the best.
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You're the best.
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You're the best.
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You're the best.
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You're the best.
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You're the best.
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You're the best.
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You're the best.
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You're the best.
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You're the best.
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You're the best.
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Are you starting to hear that music?
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Ah.
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Ah.
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Awesome.
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So now let's make it a little bit more complicated.
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Let's go to some longer sentences.
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In this first clip, let's listen for where are the stressed syllables.
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What are the syllables that have that up and down curve in the voice?
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Everything happens for a reason. Did you hear it?
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I heard three.
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Everything happens for a reason.
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You want to listen for that music.
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Where are the important syllables?
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One thing that can be really useful is listening to a sentence, a phrase, a word, three, four times in a row,
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and you begin to hear the music underneath the words.
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Let's listen to this one three times in a row.
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Everything happens for a reason.
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Everything happens for a reason.
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Are you beginning to hear it?
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Let's go to another sentence.
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He refused to believe in coincidence. Do you hear that?
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He refused to believe in coincidence.
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Three stressed syllables, all connected into one long word, but those three syllables give us the meaning and the music.
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He refused to believe in coincidence.
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Let's try one more.
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Find a happy place, find a happy place, find a happy place.
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Find a happy place.
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Ah, ah, ah.
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Ah, ah, ah.
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Hopefully you're beginning to hear that music underneath the American English being spoken.
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And once you begin to hear it and really listen for it,
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you'll be able to imitate it with a lot more precision and you'll sound much more like a native speaker,
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the more music you can bring in to your English.
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This week, take some time when you're listening to a podcast, or watching a show or movie in American English,
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to think about the music of what you're hearing.
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Remember how Tom was taking sentences and breaking them down into ahhh, just the melody on a single sound, no words.
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Listen to what you're hearing as you're listening to that podcast,
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and think about what would this phrase sound like if I just said it on uh, if I took out all the words.
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Again, there is so much material out there to practice with.
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I really recommend using youglish .com.
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It's a great resource to practice the words and phrases that you want to be able to say.
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Alright, that's everything for this video.
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Thank you so much for watching, and thank you so much for using Rachel's English.
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Huge thanks to Tom for making this video.
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You know, Tom actually spends a lot more time with students these days than I do.
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A lot of my time goes towards making videos for my YouTube channel, or running my online school.
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Tom is actually working with students every day, coaching them, helping them improve,
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and because of that, I really value his opinion when it comes down to what works and what helps students.
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Alright guys, thanks for studying with me and Tom.
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That's it, and thanks so much for using Rachel's English.
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If you want to see my absolute latest video, click here.
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If you're new to the channel, check out this
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Where to Start playlist.
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Click here to subscribe.
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I make new videos on American English every Tuesday.
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To be sure we can keep in touch, click here to sign up for my newsletter.
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You'll get free lessons in your inbox every week.
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คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้
บทเรียนฝึกพูดนี้ใช้วิดีโอ “LISTEN like a NATIVE SPEAKER - English Lesson” เป็นสื่อ คำที่ถูกพูดซ้ำบ่อยที่สุด: syllable, word, stressed, English, hear วิดีโอนี้มี 285 ประโยค และ 2317 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 14:30 ผู้พูดพูดด้วยความเร็วเป็นธรรมชาติ ประมาณ 160 คำต่อนาที ใกล้เคียงกับบทสนทนาในชีวิตประจำวัน 84% ของคำอยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ ส่วนที่เหลือควรดูไว้ก่อนเริ่มฝึก
คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้
คำที่ควรเรียนรู้ 15 คำจากวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:
| คำศัพท์ | คำอ่าน | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|
| phrase คำนาม | /ˈfɹeɪ̯z/ | วลี, ประโยค |
| vulnerable คำคุณศัพท์ | /ˈvʌln(ə)ɹəbl̩/ | เปราะบาง |
| pitch คำนาม | /pɪt͡ʃ/ | การขว้าง |
| rhythm คำนาม | /ˈɹɪð.əm/ | จังหวะ |
| refuse คำกริยา | /ɹɪˈfjuːz/ | ปฏิเสธ |
| confession คำนาม | /kənˈfɛʃən/ | การสารภาพ, สารภาพ |
| lesson คำนาม | /ˈlɛs.ən/ | บทเรียน |
| connect คำกริยา | /kəˈnɛkt/ | เชื่อม, ต่อ |
| podcast คำนาม | /ˈpɑdˌkæst/ | พอดแคสต์, พอดคาสต์ |
| anchor คำนาม | /ˈæŋ.kəː/ | สมอ |
| topic คำนาม | /ˈtɑpɪk/ | หัวข้อ, กระทู้ |
| complicated คำคุณศัพท์ | /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/ | ซับซ้อน |
| element คำนาม | /ˈɛləmənt/ | ธาตุ |
| photography คำนาม | /fəˈtɑ.ɡɹə.fi/ | การถ่ายภาพ |
| sudden คำคุณศัพท์ | /ˈsʌd.ən/ | กะทันหัน |
ประโยคที่ควรฝึกพูดซ้ำ
ประโยคสั้น ๆ ที่สมบูรณ์จากวิดีโอ ซึ่งนำไปใช้ในบทสนทนาประจำวันได้:
- How can we tell what the stressed syllables are?
- What did we say about stressed syllables?
- What did I just say?
- How many stress syllables do you hear?
- How many stressed syllables do you hear?
ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้
โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:
| โครงสร้าง | ในวิดีโอ |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน | have seen · you've started |
| Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ | be spaced · being spoken |
| ขั้นสุด the -est / the most … — มากที่สุดหรือน้อยที่สุดในกลุ่ม | the most important · the best |
| Past continuous was/were + -ing — การกระทำที่กำลังดำเนินอยู่ ณ ช่วงหนึ่งในอดีต | was just working · was taking |
การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง
ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 71 ครั้ง เช่น you're, I'll, they're ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน
- เสียง “th”: rhythm /ˈɹɪð.əm/, underneath /ˌʌndɚˈniθ/
- เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: confession /kənˈfɛʃən/, precision /pɹɪˈsɪʒ.ən/, mash /mæʃ/, pronunciation /pɹəˌnʌn.siˈeɪ.ʃən/
- คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: coincidence /kəʊˈɪnsɪdəns/, complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/, photography /fəˈtɑ.ɡɹə.fi/, pronunciation /pɹəˌnʌn.siˈeɪ.ʃən/, musicality /ˌmju.zɪˈkæ.lɪ.ti/
เสียงที่คนไทยมักออกเสียงยาก:
- เสียงท้ายคำ — ออกเสียงให้ครบ ไม่เปลี่ยนเป็นตัวสะกดแบบไทย: phrase /ˈfɹeɪ̯z/, curve /kɚv/, pitch /pɪt͡ʃ/, refuse /ɹɪˈfjuːz/, productive /pɹəˈdʌk.tɪv/
- /v/ — ไม่ใช่ /w/ ให้ฟันบนแตะริมฝีปากล่าง: vulnerable /ˈvʌln(ə)ɹəbl̩/, curve /kɚv/, productive /pɹəˈdʌk.tɪv/, vocal /ˈvoʊ̯.kəl/
- /z/ — เสียงก้อง ไม่ใช่ /s/: phrase /ˈfɹeɪ̯z/, refuse /ɹɪˈfjuːz/, resource /ɹɪˈzɔːs/, newsletter /ˈn(j)uzˌlɛtɚ/, musicality /ˌmju.zɪˈkæ.lɪ.ti/
วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้
- ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
- เริ่มที่ความเร็ว 0.75× พูดตามทีละประโยค แล้วกลับไปใช้ความเร็วปกติเมื่อเริ่มคล่อง
- อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง phrase, vulnerable, pitch เป็นพิเศษ
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ