ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: President Barack Obama's Commencement Speech | Dear Class Of 2020
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167 ประโยค
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Congratulations to the class of 2020.
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Some of you have graduated already.
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Some of you still have finals.
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All of you should be very proud.
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Graduation is a big achievement under any circumstances.
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Yours comes as the world is turned upside down by a pandemic and by a country that's been swept up by protest.
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I can barely imagine how head spinning these last few months have been for you.
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Just as winter was thawing and you were thinking about spring break,
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those of you who were away at college were either whisked home or stayed behind on a shuttered campus.
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Most of you had to finish semesters online, which had its ups and downs.
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You didn't have to worry about what you wore to class, but watching your teachers and professors try to work
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Zoom wasn't always pretty either.
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Either way, none of this is how any of you imagined finishing your final spring at school.
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Now, even if we can't all gather in person, I want you to remember that a graduation ceremony doesn't celebrate just a moment in time.
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It's the culmination of all your years of learning about the world and about yourself.
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The friends and family who supported you every step of the way, they aren't celebrating a piece of paper.
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They're celebrating you, how you've grown, the challenges you've overcome, and the experiences experiences you've shared.
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You can see that love in all the amazing ways that families have come up with their own at -home graduations,
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from drive -by parades to handmade yard signs.
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The point is, don't let the lack of a big, crowded ceremony take anything away from what your graduation signifies.
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Go ahead and bask in the glory of your achievement.
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And wherever you are, take lots of photos although when I look at my graduation pictures,
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the main thing I realize is that I should have gotten a haircut more often.
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Now, as was true for generations before you, graduation marks your final passage into adulthood,
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the time when you're expected to fully take charge of your life's direction.
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It's when you get to decide what's important to you, the career you want to pursue, the values you want to live by,
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who you want to build a family with.
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That can be intimidating even under normal circumstances.
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And given the current state of things, let's face it, it can be downright scary.
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It's fair to say that your generation is graduating into a world that faces more profound challenges than any generation in decades.
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It can feel like everything's up for grabs right now.
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A lot of this uncertainty is the direct result of COVID -19.
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The 100 ,000 lives it's taken from us.
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The economic disruption it's caused.
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No one can say for sure how much longer the crisis will last.
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A lot of that will depend on the choices we make as a country.
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But, you know, it will eventually end.
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Vaccines and treatments will emerge.
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The economy will begin to heal, and life will start returning to normal.
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And you'll still have your whole life ahead of you.
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The thing is, Class of 2020, what these past few weeks have also shown us is
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that the challenges we face go well beyond a virus virus and that the old normal wasn't good enough.
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It wasn't working that well.
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In a lot of ways, the pandemic just brought into focus problems that have been growing for a very long time, whether it's widening economic inequality,
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the lack of basic health care for millions of people, the continuing scourge of bigotry and sexism,
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or the divisions and dysfunction that plague our political system.
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Similarly, the protests in response to the killing of George Floyd
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and Breonna Taylor and Ahmaud Arbery and Nina Pop aren't simply a reaction to those particular tragedies, as heartbreaking as they are.
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They speak to decades'
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worth of anguish and frustration over unequal treatment and a failure to reform police practices in the broader criminal justice system.
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These shocks to the system that we're seeing right now, just as you prepare to go out into of the world,
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they remind us that we can't take things for granted.
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We have to work to make things better.
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They remind us that our individual well -being depend on the well -being of the community that we live in.
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And it doesn't matter how much money you make if everyone around you is hungry and sick.
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It reminds you that our country and our democracy only function when we think not just about ourselves, but also about each other.
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So, as scary and uncertain as these times may be, they are also a wake -up call.
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And they're an incredible opportunity for your generation.
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Because you don't have to accept what was considered normal before.
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You don't have to accept the world as it is.
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You can make it into the world as it should be and could be.
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You can create a new normal,
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one that is fairer and gives everybody opportunity and treats everyone equally and builds bridges between people instead of dividing them.
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Just as America overcame slavery and civil war, recessions and depression, Pearl Harbor and 9 -11 and all kinds of social upheaval,
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we can emerge from our current circumstances stronger than before, better than before.
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But as has always been true at key moments in history,
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it's gonna depend on young people like you to go out there and rewrite what is possible.
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I'll admit that it's a little unfair to lay such a heavy burden on you.
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I wish that my generation had done more to solve some of our country's big problems so you didn't have to.
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But the good news is that I know you're up to the challenge.
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You are the best educated generation in history and a whole lot more technologically savvy.
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You've been exposed to more knowledge and perspectives than my generation ever was.
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You're more tolerant and empathetic, entrepreneurial, environmentally conscious.
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Even before graduation, many of you have already started to make your mark, feeding the hungry, mentoring kids,
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fighting racial injustice, helping veterans, battling climate change.
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And now, to see so many of you participating in peaceful protests,
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to see so many of you of every race and background raise up your voices on behalf of Justice for All,
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well, it's been unbelievably inspiring.
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You make me optimistic about our future.
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So as you prepare for the next stage of what I know will be a remarkable journey,
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I'll I'll leave you with a few quick pieces of advice for what they're worth.
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First, do what you think is right, not just what's convenient or what's expected or what's easy.
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While you have this time, think about the values that matter to you the most.
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Too many graduates who feel the pressure to immediately start running
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that race for success skip the step of asking themselves what's really important.
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And too often they end up as adults who only do what's good for them and say to heck with everybody else.
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And they end up not having a lot of meaningful relationships
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or not really feeling as if they made a serious contribution to the world.
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I hope that instead you decide to moor yourself in values that last, like responsibility, fairness, generosity, and respect for others.
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That will make you part of the solution instead of part of the problem.
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And, if experience is any guide, it actually makes for a happier life.
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Second, listen to each other.
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Respect each other.
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And use all that critical thinking you've developed from your education to help promote the truth.
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You are the internet generation and the social media generation.
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It's not just how you shop or listen to music or watch videos.
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It's part of your social lives.
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It's the new town square where you all come together and meet.
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In many ways, it's been an amazing tool.
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In your pockets, you have access to more information than any group of people in history.
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It's allowed movements of like -minded people to mobilize on behalf of worthy causes.
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But what's become clear is that social media can also be a tool to spread conflict,
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division, and falsehoods, to bully people, and promote hate.
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Too often, it shuts us off from each other instead of bringing us together, partly because it gives us the ability to select our own realities,
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independent of facts or science or logic or common sense.
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We start reading only news and opinions that reinforce our own biases.
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We start canceling everything else out.
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We let opinion masquerade as fact.
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And we treat even the wildest conspiracy theories as worthy of consideration.
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And the irony is that usually the people who are peddling falsehoods on the internet
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or social media are doing so for their own purposes, either to sell you something or distract you from the real issues that matter.
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You can change that.
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If a friend tells you COVID -19 is a hoax, politely correct them.
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If an older relative cites some video to promote a racist stereotype, show him or her why that video is a sham.
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As a generation that understands social media and technology a lot better than anyone,
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It's going to be up to you to create online cultures and communities that respect differences of opinion and freedom of speech.
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and also restore the kind of honest,
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informed, fact -based debate that is the starting point for tackling the challenges we face.
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Finally, even if it all seems broken, have faith in our democracy.
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Participate and vote.
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Don't fall for the easy cynicism that says nothing can change or that there's only one way to bring about change.
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In the midst of recent protests, I've noticed
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that there have been some debates among young people about how useful voting is compared to direct action
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and civil disobedience and ending discrimination in our society.
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The fact is, we don't have to choose.
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We need both.
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Peaceful protests and demonstrations are patriotic.
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They shine a light on injustice.
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They raise public awareness.
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They make the folks in charge uncomfortable in a way that's healthy.
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After all, we're a nation that was founded on protest.
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Eventually though, your aspirations have to be translated into specific laws and institutional practices.
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And that only happens when we elect good people at every level who are responsive to our demands.
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And that includes local offices like the Office of Mayor
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or the Office of District Attorney that don't get as much attention as a presidential race,
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but have the most direct impact on issues like how communities are policed.
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In fact, you don't even have to be an activist to make a contribution to our democracy.
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If you've always dreamed of starting your own business, go build a company that is a model for paying its workers a fair wage.
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If you've dreamed always of being a doctor, think about working in a community that's short on doctors.
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There are so many ways to serve.
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The important thing is to recognize that this nation needs your talents, your passions, your voice, to make it better.
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You know, it's not always pretty, this democracy of ours.
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Trust me, I know.
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It can be loud and messy and sometimes depressing.
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But because citizens took seriously,
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the mandate that this is a government of and by and for the people,
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well, bit by bit, generation by generation, we've made progress.
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From cleaning up our air and water, to creating programs that lifted millions of seniors out of poverty, to winning the right to vote,
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and to marry who you love.
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None of these changes happened overnight or without sustained effort.
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But they did happen, usually because young people marched and organized and voted and formed alliances
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and just led good lives and looked after their community and their families and their neighborhoods and slowly changed hearts and minds.
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America changed has always changed because young people dared to hope.
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Democracy isn't about relying on some charismatic leader to make changes from on high.
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It's about finding hope in ourselves and creating it in others, especially in a time like this.
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You don't always need hope when everything's going fine.
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It's when things seem darkest.
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That's when you need it the most.
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As someone once said, hope is not a lottery ticket.
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It's a hammer for us to use in a national emergency, to break the glass, sound the alarm, and sprint into action.
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That's what hope is.
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It's not the blind faith that things will get better.
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It's the conviction that with effort and perseverance and courage and a concern for others, things can get better.
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That remains the truest part of our American story.
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And if your generation sprints into action, it will still be true of America's future.
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Congratulations, Class of 2020.
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Make it mean something and keep making us proud.
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คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้
บทเรียนฝึกพูดนี้ใช้วิดีโอ “President Barack Obama's Commencement Speech” เป็นสื่อ วิดีโอนี้มี 134 ประโยค และ 2154 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 14:34 ผู้พูดพูดด้วยความเร็วสม่ำเสมอ ประมาณ 148 คำต่อนาที เหมาะกับการฝึกพูดตาม 85% ของคำอยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ ส่วนที่เหลือควรดูไว้ก่อนเริ่มฝึก
คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้
คำที่ควรเรียนรู้ 15 คำจากวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:
| คำศัพท์ | คำอ่าน | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|
| protest คำนาม | /ˈpɹoʊ.tɛst/ | การประท้วง |
| remind คำกริยา | /ɹəˈmaɪnd/ | เตือน |
| depend คำกริยา | /dɪˈpɛnd/ | พึ่ง |
| hungry คำคุณศัพท์ | /ˈhʌŋ.ɡɹi/ | หิว, ท้องเลว |
| ceremony คำนาม | /ˈsɛɹ.əˌmoʊ.ni/ | พิธี, พิธีกรรม |
| participate คำกริยา | /pɑːˈtɪs.ɪ.peɪt/ | เข้าร่วม, ร่วมมือ |
| congratulations | /kənˌɡɹæt͡ʃəˈleɪʃ(ə)nz/ | ยินดีด้วย |
| scary คำคุณศัพท์ | /ˈskɛə.ɹi/ | น่ากลัว |
| achievement คำนาม | /əˈt͡ʃiːv.mənt/ | ความสำเร็จ, สัมฤทธิ์ผล |
| overcome คำกริยา | /ˌəʊ.vəˈkʌm/ | เอาชนะ |
| emerge คำกริยา | /ɪˈmɝd͡ʒ/ | ผุด |
| injustice คำนาม | /ɪnˈd͡ʒʌs.tɪs/ | ความไม่เป็นธรรม, ความอยุติธรรม |
| pocket คำนาม | /ˈpɑ.kɪt/ | กระเป๋า |
| relative คำนาม | /ˈɹɛl.ə.tɪv/ | ญาติ, ญาติพี่น้อง |
| poverty คำนาม | /ˈpɑːvɚti/ | ความจน, ความยากจน |
กริยาวลีที่คุณจะได้ยิน
| คำศัพท์ | คำอ่าน | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|
| go out คำกริยา | ออก, ออกไป | |
| wake up คำกริยา | /ˌweɪk ˈʌp/ | ตื่น, ตื่นนอน |
ประโยคที่ควรฝึกพูดซ้ำ
ประโยคสั้น ๆ ที่สมบูรณ์จากวิดีโอ ซึ่งนำไปใช้ในบทสนทนาประจำวันได้:
- You're more tolerant and empathetic, entrepreneurial, environmentally conscious.
- It's part of your social lives.
- The fact is, we don't have to choose.
- You don't always need hope when everything's going fine.
- That's when you need it the most.
ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้
โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:
| โครงสร้าง | ในวิดีโอ |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน | have graduated · that's been swept · have been |
| Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ | is turned · was considered · You've been exposed |
การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง
ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 42 ครั้ง เช่น don't, you've, they're ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน
- เสียง “th”: worthy /ˈwɝ.ði/, gather /ˈɡæðɚ/, empathetic /ˌɛmpəˈθɛtɪk/, thaw /θɔː/
- เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: graduation /ˌɡɹæd͡ʒuˈeɪʃən/, congratulations /kənˌɡɹæt͡ʃəˈleɪʃ(ə)nz/, contribution /ˌkɑntɹɪˈbjuʃən/, shock /ʃɔk/, passion /ˈpæʃən/
- คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: graduation /ˌɡɹæd͡ʒuˈeɪʃən/, ceremony /ˈsɛɹ.əˌmoʊ.ni/, participate /pɑːˈtɪs.ɪ.peɪt/, congratulations /kənˌɡɹæt͡ʃəˈleɪʃ(ə)nz/, contribution /ˌkɑntɹɪˈbjuʃən/
เสียงที่คนไทยมักออกเสียงยาก:
- เสียงท้ายคำ — ออกเสียงให้ครบ ไม่เปลี่ยนเป็นตัวสะกดแบบไทย: behalf /bɪˈhæf/, congratulations /kənˌɡɹæt͡ʃəˈleɪʃ(ə)nz/, emerge /ɪˈmɝd͡ʒ/, injustice /ɪnˈd͡ʒʌs.tɪs/, relative /ˈɹɛl.ə.tɪv/
- /v/ — ไม่ใช่ /w/ ให้ฟันบนแตะริมฝีปากล่าง: achievement /əˈt͡ʃiːv.mənt/, overcome /ˌəʊ.vəˈkʌm/, relative /ˈɹɛl.ə.tɪv/, poverty /ˈpɑːvɚti/, solve /sɒlv/
- /z/ — เสียงก้อง ไม่ใช่ /s/: congratulations /kənˌɡɹæt͡ʃəˈleɪʃ(ə)nz/, translate /tɹænzˈleɪt/, sexism /ˈsɛksɪzm̩/, charismatic /ˌkɛɹəzˈmætək/, cynicism /ˈsɪn.ɪˌsɪzəm/
วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้
- ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
- พูดตามทีละประโยคด้วยความเร็วปกติ ทำซ้ำแต่ละประโยคจนจังหวะของคุณตรงกับผู้พูด
- อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง protest, remind, depend เป็นพิเศษ
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ