ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: PTSD. Psychiatrist Explains What It Is And How To Get Help

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Post-traumatic stress disorder, aka PTSD,

we have a psychiatrist here to help us understand this incredibly challenging phenomenon.

Welcome to Talking with Docs of Dr. Bradwyn.

I'm Dr. Paul Zalzel.

And I'm Dr. Sammy Barakat.

Okay, so if you've had a traumatic experience

or a series of traumatic events and the aftermath of this

and how you live your life and how you're dealing with it or affected by it, that's kind of where this falls.

So let's start at the beginning Sammy.

How does someone know that they've gone from having something traumatic

Versus having a little bit anxiety about it versus having full-on

post-traumatic stress disorder good question I think the biggest distinction is functioning after the event.

I think it's normal after a traumatic event

Or event that causes distress to have anxiety perhaps some sleeplessness Preoccupation with the event, but you're still able to function.

You still feel like yourself your relationships are intact You're able to go to work.

You're able to, you know, do other things that are part of your normal functioning And when

that starts to go in addition to a myriad of other

symptoms We start to think of some more intense impacts of the trauma

And is this trauma something that just happened or could it be some trauma that happened like a while ago?

It can be something that happened a while ago.

Okay.

There can be delayed onset of symptoms sometimes It's not always

immediately after the trauma Although for the most part you can pretty much tie it back to what the trauma was.

Okay, and is it always an isolated incident

or could it be a series of incidents or in the setting of maybe your job like a first responder?

Is that a unique type of post-traumatic stress?

Yeah, I think that's a that's a good question

because there are different there are different types in in the pure form of PTSD it was it's a single event trauma,

but for certain occupations like first responders, police officers, military personnel.

It can be repeated exposures over time.

So again, but the idea of a post-traumatic stress disorder is the exposure has to be somewhat specific, right?

So it's, you know, real or threatened death.

It's a violence or sexual violence or a significant accident that are often the triggers

and then you re-experience it in a certain way, right?

So either you have to have been the victim of the event

or you have to have witnessed it directly

or it can be recounted to you by a loved one or a very close friend.

But again, often that's for something violent or significant.

Or again, there is a category for those first responders, military personnel, where you get repeated exposure,

right, to distressing images, aspects of your work that result in post-traumatic symptoms.

And I think that's kind of the first distinction.

So say you have a very negative experience giving a speech when you're in grade four, and then you go on to be afraid of giving speeches.

That's more on the anxiety spectrum.

That is not post-traumatic stress.

Yes, that is not post-traumatic stress disorder.

It is not kind of purely a subjective definition.

That has to be something significant fitting into one of those categories.

Okay.

Unless the teacher yelled at you and told you you were useless.

But even then I don't...

Yeah, even then that's not kind of, you know, threatened death or...

But again, repeated, you know, if you're if you grew up in childhood and you're repeatedly verbally abused in that way, that can lead to a myriad of mental health difficulties.

Not necessarily PTSD.

We need some nasty teachers.

Sure.

Okay, so can we talk a little bit about the the diagnostic criteria, and I think the timeline is a significant thing about PTSD, like how long you felt these symptoms.

Can we talk about how that defines an acute stress response versus the disorder?

So if you have immediate kind of consequences fitting all the criteria for PTSD and they're forming kind of categories, there are intrusive recollections of the event.

There's avoidance of stimuli related to the event.

There's a category related to changes in cognition or mood related to the event.

And then there's a change in arousal state.

And within each of those broad categories, there are different examples that we could get into.

But if you have all of that almost immediately, but it resolves within the first month, That fits into the category of an acute stress disorder.

If it kind of persists beyond that and becomes a bit more longstanding, then you start getting into post-traumatic stress disorder.

Right.

Tell me a bit about that delayed onset.

So you get over it in a month.

Okay, it's just an acute stress disorder.

You recover, let's say, and then 10 years later, all of a sudden it can show up again as a delayed onset of PTSD?

It can, but often there's a new trigger.

Often there's something else that happens, And it can sometimes be something that happens

that others wouldn't you would might not have suspected would trigger a Reawakening of the prior trauma, but it has okay and and the timeframe of it And again,

you have to kind of fit all the constellation of symptoms Okay, and categories in order to but what are some of those symptoms?

If you just give us like so if we're talking about the kind of intrusive recollections for instance, right?

It can be any one of a number of things it can be just Really intense Reflections, right or memories of it.

It can be ruminating on those memories.

It can be Nightmares, okay of the recurrent nightmares.

It can be almost Flashbacks, you know, people will lose track of the here now and almost feel like it happened yesterday or five minutes ago

in terms of the the Avoidance type of behaviors people start to avoid places,

sights, sounds, smells, media, anything that reminds them of the event, or any kind of thoughts or recollections of it, they start pushing away.

The changes in mood and affect can be kind of a change in the worldview, like people will close ranks, they will feel like the world is kind of unsafe, that their world is bad,

that they are bad, they can have a lot of shame or guilt about the event, somehow almost personalize that they're somewhat responsible for it.

Do they typically become more isolated?

Is that part of it?

People tend to withdraw from any people.

They can tend to withdraw completely and not really share what they're experiencing because they don't really trust as much as well.

You can lose experience and pleasure about things.

And then in terms of that hyper, those changes in arousal, those are kind of classic.

People can have exaggerated startle response.

So those people that even

when you talk quietly behind will jump right out of their seat

or you touch on the shoulder or hyper vigilant to their surroundings.

There's no environment that's they're really at ease.

They're always on guard for who's around.

Angry outbursts, impulsive or reckless behavior, difficulty concentrating, difficulty falling asleep.

Those are kind of the changes in arousal.

So if you, those are just in some examples of kind of constellation of things you can get it.

You get a sense of how much this would impact someone's

functioning to have all those things going on at once in a prolonged fashion.

100

The other thing I'll say about the progression.

101

Acute stress disorder can resolve with minimal support on its own.

102

Once you have full-blown PTSD, it's hard to kind of just have it.

103

It can get better over time.

104

Some of the nightmares may stop over time, but the idea of the diagnosis is made, really, you need some sort of treatment.

105

It's a fascinating disorder, and that's probably why we see it in Hollywood and movies so much, or in books.

106

It's something that's portrayed in storytelling a lot.

107

I wonder why that is, is that just because it's so interesting and so multifaceted?

108

I think it's because it's fairly common, especially in first responders, military personnel.

109

Like if you're in the military, you know, and you're in combat up to 10, 20% of people.

110

Sure, isn't that high?

111

Yeah, I mean, and again, there's a lure to it, right?

112

That started in after World War I, the idea of shell shock, what is that?

113

People coming back from war, completely different than they were, acting differently, struggling to function.

114

So there's kind of a lure to it that's developed over time, and it's a serious condition.

115

and it's very heterogeneous obviously in Hollywood

116

or another depending on the genre it's portrayed fairly dramatically yes for effect

117

but it's a what there's a wide range of behaviors

118

that people can see it's not always dramatic

119

so you're more subtle than we're seeing it absolutely can be quiet suffering for people right okay

120

so so really what people hear now is probably like okay

121

so if you think you may be on the path to this maybe you're not at the one month yet

122

but if you've had something significantly traumatic and you're in that early phase, A, when should people seek care or help their family members seek care?

123

And once they do get care, what does care look like?

124

How do we treat this?

125

So first of all, when should you go see somebody?

126

I think the earlier you can see somebody, this is where the idea of debriefing comes from when it comes to traumatic events, right?

127

Getting in early to engage with people that have experienced

128

or witnessed a traumatic event and trying to have them explore their feelings and thoughts, check in with them.

129

So that's an immediate impact that people need to do.

130

And then if you begin suffering from these symptoms, then you need to seek help, right?

131

There are obviously self-help mechanisms, but really it's a combination of medication and therapy that often helps people get better.

132

There are a number of kind of evidence-based therapies that can be helpful for people.

133

Yeah, let's talk about that.

134

We've talked about what it is, how to diagnose it, what the symptoms are.

135

And from what I've gathered, you're saying it is treatable.

136

So there is hope with this.

137

Yes, it is treatable.

138

It's a complex condition, but it can be treated.

139

The earlier the better.

140

But yeah, there are a number of evidence-based treatments.

141

Can you run through just sort of an overview of what this treatment looks like?

142

So sometimes people will take medication to help kind of treat some of the core symptoms, especially the mood and anxiety symptoms related to the condition.

143

And then there are different types of therapies that can be helpful.

144

There's one that focuses kind of on a prolonged exposure therapy, where you methodically kind of go through in more detail and process the emotions and cognitions related to it.

145

Cognitive behavioral therapy is a core.

146

There's cognitive processing therapy, which is another type of therapy evidence-based.

147

There's another type of therapy called eye movement.

148

EDMR.

149

Yeah.

150

EMDR.

151

Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing.

152

And is that you're essentially focusing on whatever the problem is

153

and your eyes are moving back and forth is

154

that kind of the nature of it

155

that in a nutshell yes that's what it is right in a nutshell it's the idea is

156

that by by triggering eye movements uh as you're kind of exploring the affects

157

and emotions of the events that you can um impact the brain

158

and your neurons in certain way

159

that help you process things better it's not necessarily eye movements it's evolved sometimes it's tapping sometimes it's tones

160

but there's this idea that

161

that in combination with some of the exposure to the emotions

162

can help people get better faster without necessarily having to be so detailed in terms of the recollections.

163

So a number of different therapies that are evidence-based

164

that can help people get better as well as of course general self-care

165

which is common to all mental health conditions right and not isolating yourself right which is very important too.

166

With the exposure part is it is it talking about the event

167

and like kind of thinking about it and reliving it

168

that way or like

169

if you were in a car accident you literally it's part

170

of your exposure going into a car driving on a busy or both.

171

If you're talking about the prolonged exposure in a very desensitized way, it usually starts with exploring your emotions.

172

It starts in an office with imaginal exposure.

173

Getting comfortable with thinking about it.

174

Comfortable with the ideas of thinking about it.

175

Right.

176

And then ideally progressing to those things that you're avoiding.

177

And kind of that.

178

So it can take you into kind of what we say in vivo.

179

Yeah.

180

But you can't do that sometimes if it's a war that did it.

181

No, of course not.

182

Send you back into combat here, buddy.

183

No.

184

And that's kind of the base a little bit of CBT too right you're thinking about kind of what are you feeling?

185

And you're kind of sitting with that saying okay, well is this a real threat?

186

You know what do I do about it that kind of thing?

187

Absolutely.

188

Yeah, and of course with a trained therapist.

189

Yes, okay And so how successful is treatment for this okay?

190

You know we have some things that we treat

191

and get like a 90% success rate some things we treat really like a 20% success rate Where does this fall?

192

But someone has PTSD Looking at all, I think it's a tough question, but looking at all the different treatment options, what's the success?

193

It's a tough question in terms of percentage, but if you have evidence-based treatment in an ongoing fashion,

194

as well as medication management if necessary, I think the response is very good.

195

Yeah.

196

Very good for patients, but it can be a long journey.

197

It is not a quick fix.

198

What are we talking about?

199

Months?

200

Years?

201

Certainly months.

202

Okay.

203

And sometimes in terms of the ongoing maintenance works, it can be years.

204

I'm sure depending on the like the trauma too like I mean

205

if you've had trauma for five well this is an interesting point I think it's important to make this point.

206

Yeah, there is a kind of What we call complex post-traumatic stress disorder.

207

It's not really within the lexicon of the diagnostic and statistical manual

208

that we use in North America But certainly in the inter International classification of disease what the world uses.

209

Yeah complex PTSD is not about single event or a few events.

210

It's about people who are subject to trauma, either physical violence, sexual violence, emotional violence, all through their upbringing.

211

So essentially it impacts their personality, their character, who they are, and becomes part of that character makeup, which is much more challenging.

212

Also that chronic childhood abuse situation.

213

Yes.

214

And so complex post-traumatic stress disorder.

215

So it's a form of post-traumatic stress disorder, but it adds a layer of complexity and a different layer of work that needs to happen.

216

Yeah, and the symptoms can be somewhat and understandably be harder for a kid

217

or now an adult to trust people

218

When they've had years of say adults betraying them

219

or whatever rather than being in a car accident or having Absolutely I mean, you're you know the ideally if you've had a healthy upbringing and you have this type of event happen Right.

220

The goal is to try and get you back to where you were right, but if you've grown up with that You've never really experienced the safety right so you're really starting from scratch.

221

Yeah And that's just sort of in the family of post-traumatic stress disorder but more subset of it within the complex.

222

I guess within our world it's kind of a subset of it.

223

But others would suggest yes it fits within comorbid other conditions

224

and post-traumatic stress disorder so we start getting into crossover with other conditions where the symptoms start to overlap a bit.

225

Okay.

226

Wow there you go.

227

Tough topic.

228

Thank you.

229

That's a complicated topic but you really nailed it for us into a way we could try

230

and wrap our heads around it.

231

And I would say like so many other mental health conditions, kind of the take-home message today is A, what you're experiencing is very real.

232

B, it is very common.

233

And C, there is help that is available to you.

234

So do what you can to either help your family or yourself to reach out to get the process started.

235

And if you like this video, please like it.

236

Subscribe to our channel.

237

Share a comment if you feel comfortable about your experience with this problem.

238

And you're not alone if you're feeling this as we've talked about.

239

It's a very common condition.

240

Remember, you are in charge of your own health.

241

Thanks, Dr. Pericott, for joining us.

242

Thank you.

243

Appreciate it.

244

Thanks.

245

We'll see you next time.

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คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้

วิดีโอนี้มี 245 ประโยค และ 2917 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 14:42 ผู้พูดพูดเร็ว ประมาณ 198 คำต่อนาที จึงมีการเชื่อมเสียงและลดเสียงค่อนข้างมาก 84% ของคำอยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ ส่วนที่เหลือควรดูไว้ก่อนเริ่มฝึก

คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้

คำที่ควรเรียนรู้ 15 คำจากวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:

คำศัพท์	คำอ่าน	ความหมาย
disorder คำนาม	/dɪsˈɔɹdɚ/	ความผิดปรกติ, ความผิดปกติ
symptom คำนาม	/ˈsɪm(p)təm/	อาการ
trauma คำนาม	/ˈtɹɔm.ə/	การบาดเจ็บ
anxiety คำนาม	/æŋˈzaɪ.əti/	ความวิตกกังวล
trigger คำนาม	/ˈtɹɪɡɚ/	ไก, ไกปืน
emotion คำนาม	/ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/	อารมณ์
necessarily คำกริยาวิเศษณ์	/ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/	ต้อง
mood คำนาม	/muːd/	อารมณ์, ใจ
delay คำนาม	/dɪˈleɪ̯/	ดีเลย์
explore คำกริยา	/ɪkˈsploɹ/	สำรวจ
nightmare คำนาม	/ˈnaɪt.mɛɚ/	ฝันร้าย
topic คำนาม	/ˈtɑpɪk/	หัวข้อ, กระทู้
layer คำนาม	/ˈleɪ̯ɚ/	ชั้น
resolve คำกริยา	/ɹɪˈzɑlv/	ตั้งมั่น, มุ่งมั่น
threaten คำกริยา	/ˈθɹɛt.n̩/	ขู่

กริยาวลีที่คุณจะได้ยิน

คำศัพท์	ความหมาย
show up คำกริยา	โผล่

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ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 52 ครั้ง เช่น you're, you've, they're ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน

เสียง “th”: withdraw /wɪðˈdɹɔ/, threaten /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/, gather /ˈɡæðɚ/, therapist /ˈθɛɹəpɪst/, aftermath /ˈæf.tɚˌmæθ/
เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: exposure /ɪkˈspəʊ.ʒə(ɹ)/, emotion /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/, medication /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, distinction /dɪˈstɪŋkʃən/
คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, difficulty /ˈdɪfɪkəlti/, medication /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/

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เริ่มที่ความเร็ว 0.75× พูดตามทีละประโยค แล้วกลับไปใช้ความเร็วปกติเมื่อเริ่มคล่อง
อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง disorder, symptom, trauma เป็นพิเศษ

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โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:

โครงสร้าง	ในวิดีโอ
Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน	you've had · they've gone · have exaggerated
Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ	can be repeated · can be recounted · is made
Relative clauses who / which + อนุประโยค — ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับคนหรือสิ่งของ	therapy, which is · right which is · people who are

เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?

Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ

เทคนิค shadowing: อ่านคู่มือฉบับเต็มทีละขั้นตอน →

ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: PTSD. Psychiatrist Explains What It Is And How To Get Help

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เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?