ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: The CIA's new tech doesn't make sense

Could the CIA really track your heartbeat from kilometers away?

On April 3rd, 2026, Iranian forces shot down an American fighter plane just over Isfahan.

Inside were a pilot and a weapons system officer, and both ejected successfully.

The US forces located the pilot quickly and rescued him only seven hours after the crash, but they couldn't rescue the weapons system officer.

He landed elsewhere, deep within hostile territory, and worst of all, he was injured.

With the Iranian forces on his tail, the officer needed to hide quickly, so he disappeared into the mountains.

This launched the U.S and Iran into a race to find him.

Fortunately, the officer had a rescue beacon that could signal his location to the U.S.

The problem was that he not only had to step out of his hiding spot to transmit the signal, Iran could potentially intercept it and get to him first.

So he could only use the beacon sparingly.

With enemy forces getting closer every hour, how is the US going to pinpoint his location inside hundreds of square kilometers of the desert?

Comparable to hunting for a single grain of sand in the middle of a desert.

A blind sweep of the entire area could take days or even weeks.

But surprisingly, just 40 hours after the crash, the US announced the officer was rescued.

Still invisible to the enemy, but not to the CIA.

So how did they do it?

Well, according to a New York Post article, the CIA deployed a futuristic device to rescue him.

Reportedly, they were able to detect the magnetic field produced by his heartbeat from kilometers away.

Such a device would have to overcome the magnetic signatures from other soldiers, vehicles and animals in the region, let alone Earth's magnetic field.

It's like listening for a murmur in a crowd.

So, the technology was appropriately called Ghost Murmur.

Immediately this kicked off a media frenzy.

Ghost murmur.

This is science fiction.

Ghost murmur.

Did you hear about what the CIA tech that they have?

Called the ghost murmur.

All of this sounds too good to be true

and there seem to be no other sources beyond this New York Post article.

So we dug deep to find out whether this supposed technology really exists and what its limits are.

I very rarely believe things I read in the New York Post.

I find it extremely difficult to believe.

Many of these researchers in the NV Diamond area are having to sign NDAs.

The fact that the CIA is involved in leveraging technology is consistent with their mission and their charter.

So, is ghost murmur fact or fiction?

There are two lines in this New York Post article that hint at what this device can be.

First, normally this signal is so weak that it can only be measured in a hospital setting, with sensors pressed nearly against the chest, the source said.

But advances in a field known as quantum magnetometry, specifically sensors built around microscopic defects in synthetic diamonds,

have apparently made it possible to detect these signals at dramatically greater distances.

We're gonna break this down bit by bit.

First, does the heart actually create detectable magnetic fields?

Second, what are these synthetic diamonds that could potentially detect them?

And third, is it all possible at these distances?

Let's start with the heart.

Now, if you type heart magnetic field into Google images, you will get a bunch of questionable looking graphs.

So is it a real thing?

Well, whenever current flows through a conductor, it generates a magnetic field around it.

And since our bodies run on electrical impulses traveling through neurons, our tissues and organs generate faint magnetic signals.

But because the heart muscles fire in a coordinated way, the magnetic field they produce is the strongest in the body.

It's around 50 to 100 picoteslas, 10 to 100 times more than the next strongest field produced by the brain.

But even then, this is still a million times weaker than Earth's magnetic field, so it's no surprise that we only detected the magnetic field of the heart in 1963.

It had to be done in a remote field, away from the magnetic noise produced by lab equipment, elevators and cars, and the setup had to be incredibly still still.

Even the slightest vibration of the detector would corrupt the measurement, not something that could work on a helicopter or a military drone.

But pretty soon magnetometers got better.

By the 1970s, we got superconducting quantum interference devices, or squids.

These magnetometers were incredibly sensitive, detecting fields as weak as a few femtotesla.

To no surprise, the US military quickly strapped these squids squids to planes and helicopters, and they tried to use them to detect large magnetic signatures like submarines in the ocean.

But the project never really picked up.

Nonetheless, squids also made it easier to detect the heart's magnetic field, but with a key caveat.

They typically need to be operated under very small, very tightly controlled conditions, often inside of shielded rooms.

They can't handle large dynamic range of background fields and electromagnetic interference.

The computer magnetometers offered solutions, but they also had their own drawbacks.

There were always issues with either shielding or sensitivity or dynamic range

that made them impractical for detecting heartbeats out in the field.

Until the 1990s, when physicists started looking into diamonds

that might eventually be able to sense magnetic fields while potentially getting around the drawbacks.

These new quantum magnetometers work at room temperature operation and that's what's really exciting about them.

They're also a solid state sensor which can be very practical for some applications

and can be made into like a more robust kind of sensor.

These are the diamonds mentioned in the New York Post article.

So how do they work?

Now the overall coverage of the story is actually very interesting.

Because this tech is supposedly classified, there's a lot of uncertainty about whether what's being reported is actually real.

And depending on which outlet you see first, you might arrive at completely different conclusions.

For example, if you saw this headline first, you might be really impressed with the technology, But this one you'd be a bit more skeptical.

And the last one might not even make you care about the tech.

So three headlines, three completely different conclusions.

And that's where today's sponsor, Ground News, comes in.

They're a website and an app designed to make reading the news easier and more data-driven.

Each day they round up stories from thousands of outlets all around the world

and give you a visual breakdown of the story, including its political leaning, factuality rating,

and even ownership, all backed by ratings from three independent media monitoring organizations.

In case of this ghost murmur story, you can see that it's been reported on by 65 sources, but the coverage is pretty lopsided, so if you only get your news from right-leaning outlets,

there's a chance you've seen the story, but if you only get it from the left, there's a chance you haven't.

And below that, you can also see the factuality rating and the ownerships of the sources.

They also have this blind spot feature, which highlights stories like the ghost murmur one that were underreported on by either side of the political spectrum.

Staying up to date and well-informed with accurate information has almost become a full-time job, and that's where Ground News' approach is so valuable.

They make reading the news more digestible and accessible, and you can see all of the information within moments, not hours.

So if you, like us at Veritasium, care about getting to the truth, you can go to ground.news.ve or scan this QR code, and our link will get you 40% off their vantage plan.

So I want to thank Ground News for sponsoring this part of the video, and now let's go figure out how those diamonds actually detect magnetic fields.

Well, for something to function as a magnetometer, it needs to respond to a magnetic field in a way that we can detect.

Now a pure diamond is just an ordered lattice of carbon atoms, so it doesn't react to magnetic fields in a meaningful way.

But this changes when you start adding defects to the lattice.

You can replace one of the carbon atoms in the lattice with, say, a nitrogen, and if you remove one of the carbons next to it completely, well that creates a vacancy.

This defect is called a nitrogen vacancy or an NV center.

And these NV centers become particularly useful when they trap two unpaired electrons.

That's because electrons have this intrinsic property called spin.

A simple and flawed analogy is

100

that spin is kind of like a tiny bar magnet that gives electrons their own magnetic signature, and it can point either up or down.

101

So, when an electron is exposed to an external magnetic field, this magnetic signature will either align itself with the field or against it.

102

Also note that particles that have no net spin will not respond to an external magnetic field.

103

Now, the two trapped electrons can arrange their spins in the following way.

104

They could both point up, which would give you a spin magnetic quantum number of 1.

105

They could both point down for a quantum number of minus one, or they could point in opposite directions for a quantum number of zero.

106

We'll denote this spin magnetic quantum number with MS, and it essentially acts as a bar magnet for the whole NV center.

107

And just like for individual electrons, this bar magnet is also sensitive to external magnetic fields.

108

So, now that we've created a diamond that responds to magnetic fields, the challenge which is, how do we measure this response to detect a heartbeat?

109

Okay, so I reached out to experts to try and figure this out, but basically out of the 20 or so emails that I sent, I only got a few responses,

110

but then I got an impromptu call from one of these experts who said

111

that many of these researchers in the NV Diamond area are having to sign NDAs.

112

This is getting a lot more interesting, but with how secretive everyone was being, I had to use publicly available research.

113

And I think the key idea is to figure out how diamonds respond to magnetic fields, you have to use light.

114

When you shine light at an atom, the atom can either absorb the light or ignore it.

115

An absorbed photon of light will excite an electron within the atom to a higher energy level.

116

You can think of these energy levels as discrete platforms that the electrons can jump between, just like in a video game.

117

All atoms of the same element, for example carbon, have the same energy levels when the atoms are far enough apart.

118

But when you bring them together, like inside a diamond lattice, their energy levels shift.

119

They come together to form a series of closely spaced energy levels or an energy band.

120

Now, an electron will only ever absorb a photon

121

if the photon has enough energy to move the electron across the gap to a higher band.

122

This gap between the last electron-occupied band and the first empty band above it is called the band gap.

123

In a pure diamond, it's big, it's around 5.5 electron volts, which means that only ultraviolet photons have enough energy to excite the electrons.

124

All lower energy light, including visible light, will mostly be ignored by the diamond and just pass through.

125

This is why a perfect pure diamond is transparent, it doesn't absorb any of the light.

126

But if you start adding defects, they disrupt that organized lattice.

127

The defects unlock different energy levels, secret platforms within this bandgap for nearby electrons to jump to.

128

A boron defect, for example, creates a low energy level at only 0.37 electron volts.

129

This is a platform that electrons can jump to by absorbing infrared or red light.

130

And with enough boron defects, a significant amount of red light gets absorbed this way.

131

The rest of the visible spectrum mostly makes it through so without this red, the diamond appears blue.

132

Similarly, a nitrogen vacancy defect unlocks other secret platforms

133

and these can help us detect how the NV Center responds to a magnetic field.

134

At first glance, it looks like the nitrogen vacancy generates a few unique levels

135

and these are exclusive to the two unpaired electrons trapped within the defect.

136

But if you look closer at, for example the lowest level, you'll notice that it actually contains three closely spaced but separate energy levels.

137

The second and third levels are actually at the same height but will draw them separately.

138

And the fact that there are three isn't a coincidence.

139

Remember, the NV Center can adopt one of three MS numbers.

140

Zero, minus one or one, depending on how the spins of the two electrons inside are arranged.

141

If you think of the two spins as bar magnets, the most relaxed, lowest energy way for them to sit is this, one pointing up and the other down.

142

This is analogous to the ms equals zero state, which is why it has the lowest energy.

143

Forcing both magnets to point down together, or up together, like the ms equals one or minus one states, requires more energy, they oppose you,

144

so these two states are at an equal, slightly higher energy sublevel.

145

These differences are tiny.

146

Jumping from the zero to the plus minus one levels requires only a small amount of energy.

147

A microwave photon of 10.4 centimeters will be enough.

148

Now these secret energy platforms of NV centers were mapped out by the 90s.

149

But for a long time no one thought to use them as magnetometers.

150

It was a decade before the light bulb went on for a bunch of us to think about them as sensors.

151

It takes a mindset switch to think differently and once you do you realize oh My goodness, this could be useful.

152

So let's apply a magnetic field to this diamond and see what happens.

153

If we slowly turn up the field strength, you'll see that the plus one and minus one levels are starting to shift.

154

To understand why, we can use a compass needle as an analogy.

155

Naturally, a compass needle will align itself with the magnetic field of the earth.

156

And this is the lowest energy relaxed state that the needle can be in.

157

And it's analogous to the behavior of the system in the MS equals minus one state, which is why its energy level drops slightly.

158

But if MS is one, the system flips.

159

This would be like taking an external magnet and applying it to this compass needle, flipping it 180 degrees.

160

And then if I'm careful in retracting this magnet, I can actually get the needle to stay in this place.

161

And this is the highest energy this needle can have, sitting in this unstable position.

162

Now if I tap it, it will actually go back.

163

It's possible, but it's a higher energy state.

164

So the ms equals 1 level slightly rises.

165

And if ms is 0, it doesn't react to the field, which is why this level hasn't changed.

166

Now, if you keep turning up the magnetic field strength, you'll notice that the levels get further and further apart.

167

This phenomenon is called Zeeman splitting.

168

It's described by a simple formula

169

that gives you a direct link between the energy split and the magnetic field strength field strength.

170

So, in the presence of a periodic magnetic field, like that generated by the heart, we would theoretically see a rhythmic separation of these lines.

171

And these two energy levels absorb light at two different microwave wavelengths, which change depending on the strength of the field.

172

So, what we can actually measure is which microwave wavelengths the diamond is absorbing.

173

When there's no magnetic field, the levels are fused and produce a a single absorption line at the wavelength of 10.4 cm.

174

But when there's an external magnetic field, they produce two separate absorption lines.

175

Now, we've simplified it a bit, but by measuring how spaced apart these lines are, you get the field strength.

176

This is how an NV diamond magnetometer works.

177

Was the diamond magnetometer ever used to detect a heartbeat?

178

So what has been done for sure, for certain, is detection of magnetic fields generated by neurons,

179

which is connected to the heartbeat question.

180

Neuron activity, to my knowledge, has been first seen in 2015.

181

Okay, well that's impressive.

182

So could it pick up a heartbeat from kilometers away?

183

Well, in 2022, researchers were able to pick up the magnetic field of a rat's heart

184

but it was done using a thoracotomy which means the rat's chest was open

185

and the diamond was less than two millimeters away from the heart.

186

Okay but the human heart produces a stronger magnetic field

187

and the tech the CIA might have deployed could be decades ahead of what is publicly known.

188

You're a former CIA operations officer and you've worked in in the Middle East, right?

189

So what was your first reaction to this news?

190

Well, the fact that the CIA's involved in leveraging technology is consistent with their mission and their charter.

191

But I defer to smarter people in engineering and science like yourself to figure out the exact technique that might be used.

192

But the processes, of course, are consistent with what we've done.

193

We can't say for sure whether the CIA has this tech, but we can use physics to estimate how sensitive it would need to be.

194

The strength of a magnetic field falls off with the cube of the distance from the source.

195

So if the magnetic field of the heart, when measured at the chest, is 50 picotesla, or 5 times 10 to the negative 11 tesla, well then just 100 meters away,

196

this falls off by a factor of a billion to 5 times 10 to the negative 20 tesla.

197

And at 50 to 100 kilometers, this could drop to as little as 10 to the negative 30 tesla.

198

The most sensitive measurement ever made at the frequencies

199

that the human heartbeat work at is at the 10 to the minus 15 tesla level.

200

And that's in a shielded room.

201

So you need a system that is 15 orders of magnitude more sensitive than the superconducting quantum interference devices.

202

And 18 orders of magnitude more sensitive than diamond NB sensors.

203

18 orders of magnitude is a lot.

204

Sounds quite unfeasible.

205

It's not like the hills of Iran are devoid of animal life.

206

They also have heartbeats and possibly larger hearts than humans.

207

There's also the magnetic field of the drone or the helicopter the device might be mounted on.

208

And finally, there's the fact

209

that a magnetic field of 10 to the negative 30 Tesla

210

is weaker than a magnetic field an electron will give you a meter away.

211

The New York Post is notoriously a very good place for amusing fiction.

212

On the day before we saw this article, we also saw an article about how they had a technology where it was a beeper.

213

The airman had sent out a beacon and that was one way that they were able to detect him.

214

And these are things that we know about already.

215

We also know that there may well have been other intelligence methods used, but this isn't really necessary.

216

And then that brings you to the point of like, why would they make this up?

217

I think New York Post is known to print a lot of stuff.

218

I'm not a real fan of the credibility of the press to report things, having seen reality and then seen what the press reports.

219

How about deception stories and false narratives published by not only the CIA but other agencies?

220

Is this often the case?

221

If you look historically, the idea of fooling your enemy, particularly when you have some vulnerability to protect, goes back thousands of years.

222

During World War II, German bombers frequently attacked Britain at night.

223

And to retaliate, the British would fly up to intercept

224

and somehow kept finding these bombers in the dark and would attack them.

225

Now UK officials told the press that the pilots were able to do this because they ate a lot of carrots, which was improving their vision at night.

226

But some experts believe

227

that this was actually a cover story meant to distract the Germans from the fact the British installed radars on their planes.

228

Is that where the idea that carrots give you good eyesight comes from?

229

I think so.

230

I think this is the original myth.

231

That is crazy.

232

Yeah.

233

But, okay, there's one thing that still bothers me.

234

If this is likely fake, then why is everyone saying no comment and declining to talk?

235

There must be something here, no?

236

Well, these NV centers and diamonds are also used for quantum computing.

237

But the more interesting, probably confidential way they could be used is as navigation devices.

238

The Earth's magnetic field creates a unique pattern all across the globe.

239

Then, you place an object into this map.

240

And if you know all of these perturbations and inhomogeneities, you can infer where you are without having any GPS reception anymore.

241

With the rise of GPS spoofing and jamming over the last couple of years, that could be incredibly powerful.

242

So, NV magnetometers do exist with these synthetic diamonds, and they do have potential military applications.

243

It's just that detecting heartbeats kilometers away probably isn't one of them.

244

I want to give a shout out to a great Scientific American article on this story by Denny Bouchard

245

that initially expressed skepticism in Ghost Murmur as a potential technology.

246

It's a great read and you should check it out.

📺 ช่องเดียวกัน

✨ วิดีโอแนะนำ

62 ประโยค

NASA Artemis II Capsule Recovery Operations | U.S. Navy

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students

217 ประโยค

Ex-CIA Officer Explains The Shadowy World of Private Armies | John Kiriakou

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students

530 ประโยค

Human Immortality 4K | Can Science Defeat Aging?

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students

6 ประโยค

The Hidden Danger Of Bionic Vision 😨

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students

76 ประโยค

Make AI Believe in God to Keep Humans Safe, Scientist Argues

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students

332 ประโยค

How Vietnamese Tunnels Outsmarted the U.S. Military

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students

89 ประโยค

How The CIA Hacked Russia

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students

380 ประโยค

A man hiked in the woods. Every brain cell got cooked.

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students

242 ประโยค

🎧 Luyện Nghe Tiếng Anh Level C1- TRÍ TUỆ NHÂN TẠO - | Listening English Podcast |🎯

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students

148 ประโยค

MH370's LAST Hunt. MYSTERY FINALLY SOLVED.

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students

151 ประโยค

My thoughts on the first round of UFO files

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students

วิดีโอนี้เหมาะกับใคร?

วิดีโอนี้เหมาะสำหรับผู้เรียนภาษาอังกฤษที่มีระดับกลางถึงระดับสูง ซึ่งต้องการพัฒนาทักษะการฟังและการพูดในสถานการณ์ที่ซับซ้อน โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งสำหรับผู้ที่สนใจในเทคโนโลยีและการสื่อสารในยุคปัจจุบัน การเรียนรู้จากวิดีโอเช่นนี้จะช่วยให้คุณเข้าใจบริบทที่กว้างขึ้นและสามารถใช้ภาษาอังกฤษได้อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพมากขึ้น นอกจากนี้ยังเป็นโอกาสในการเรียนรู้คำศัพท์ใหม่ๆ และวิธีการพูดที่เป็นธรรมชาติในบทสนทนาอีกด้วย

คำและสำนวนที่ควรจดจำ

Ghost Murmur: เป็นชื่อเรียกเทคโนโลยีที่ช่วยในการติดตามสัญญาณแม่เหล็กจากหัวใจ ซึ่งมีความน่าสนใจและน่าศึกษา
Magnetic field: ฟิลด์แม่เหล็ก ซึ่งหมายถึงบริเวณที่มีแรงแม่เหล็กอยู่ การเรียนรู้คำนี้จะช่วยให้คุณเข้าใจด้านฟิสิกส์ที่เกี่ยวข้อง
Rescue beacon: อุปกรณ์ที่ใช้ในการส่งสัญญาณเพื่อขอความช่วยเหลือ โดยเฉพาะในสถานการณ์ฉุกเฉิน

วิธีการปรับเสียงให้ถูกต้อง

เพื่อให้การออกเสียงของคุณใกล้เคียงกับผู้พูดในวิดีโอ ควรให้ความสำคัญกับการฟังเสียงและน้ำเสียงที่แสดงออกในบทสนทนา ตัวอย่างเช่น การเน้นเสียงในบางคำ การหยุดพักหรือเว้นวรรคเมื่อถึงจุดที่สำคัญ และความเร็วในการพูด สิ่งเหล่านี้จะช่วยให้คุณสามารถนำเสนอเนื้อหาได้อย่างเข้าใจและเป็นธรรมชาติมากขึ้น การฝึกฝนการพูดซ้ำตาม (shadowing) จะช่วยให้คุณพัฒนาทักษะการออกเสียงและการใช้ภาษาอังกฤษในบริบทที่หลากหลาย โดยเฉพาะเมื่อคุณเรียนภาษาอังกฤษจากยูทูป เช่นในวิดีโอนี้ การใช้เทคนิค shadowspeaks จะทำให้คุณสามารถจับใจความได้ดีขึ้นและทำให้การเรียนรู้มีความสนุกสนานยิ่งขึ้น

ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้

โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:

โครงสร้าง	ในวิดีโอ
ประโยคเงื่อนไข if + อนุประโยค, will/would + กริยา — เงื่อนไขและผลลัพธ์	if I tap it, it will actually
Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ	was injured · was rescued · is involved
Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน	you've seen · we've created · hasn't changed
Relative clauses who / which + อนุประโยค — ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับคนหรือสิ่งของ	sensor which can · challenge which is · volts, which means

เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?

Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ

เทคนิค shadowing: อ่านคู่มือฉบับเต็มทีละขั้นตอน →

ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: The CIA's new tech doesn't make sense

Something is jamming GPS over Europe. Here's what we found

Why It Was Almost Impossible to Make the Blue LED

You've (Likely) Been Playing The Game Of Life Wrong

We're trying something new...

How does light 'know' the shortest path?

Why does every mammal get 1 billion heartbeats in their life?

Why Cold Drinks Were Deadly Before 1914

Exposing The Flaw In Our Phone System

Our Greatest Delusion

The Most Controversial Problem in Philosophy

Why Boredom is Good For You

Why Are 96,000,000 Black Balls on This Reservoir?

We've Been Using The Wrong Science In Court For 50 years

Explaining Pi With Pizza

5 Fun Physics Phenomena

The Most Misunderstood Concept in Physics

Falling ladders - why does this happen?

How a slinky falls in slow motion #shorts

We're 99.9% sure this pattern is true, but no one can prove it

The Science of Thinking

NASA Artemis II Capsule Recovery Operations | U.S. Navy

Ex-CIA Officer Explains The Shadowy World of Private Armies | John Kiriakou

Human Immortality 4K | Can Science Defeat Aging?

The Hidden Danger Of Bionic Vision 😨

Make AI Believe in God to Keep Humans Safe, Scientist Argues

How Vietnamese Tunnels Outsmarted the U.S. Military

How The CIA Hacked Russia

A man hiked in the woods. Every brain cell got cooked.

🎧 Luyện Nghe Tiếng Anh Level C1- TRÍ TUỆ NHÂN TẠO - | Listening English Podcast |🎯

MH370's LAST Hunt. MYSTERY FINALLY SOLVED.

My thoughts on the first round of UFO files

วิดีโอนี้เหมาะกับใคร?

คำและสำนวนที่ควรจดจำ

วิธีการปรับเสียงให้ถูกต้อง

ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้

เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?