ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: How The CIA Hacked Russia

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89 ประโยค
หากประโยคสั้นหรือยาวเกินไป กดที่ Edit เพื่อปรับแก้
1
October 1971.
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An American spy submarine has just crossed into Soviet waters, an area completely off-limits to outsiders.
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Most people on board the submarine have no idea why they're here.
4
But some do.
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They're searching for an underwater telephone cable that connects a brand new Soviet nuclear base to its headquarters over 1,000 miles away.
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Attached to the submarine is a custom-made device, designed to wrap around the cable and record every bit of information that passes through it.
7
For 10 years, this device secretly fed Americans with a gold mine of information, until one day it vanished.
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By 1970, the US and the Soviet Union were deep into the Cold War, and the constant threat of nuclear attacks meant
9
that both sides were desperate for any bit of information they could get their hands on.
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The US learned that a brand new nuclear submarine base had just been built in Petroplavsk, in the far east of Russia.
11
It seemed strategically positioned for an attack on the US, and so Americans made it their goal to start spying on the base.
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But instead of sending in real spies or relying on satellite imagery, they wanted something more substantial.
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Captain James Bradley, director of Undersea Warfare, was studying a map of the region when it suddenly hit him.
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Since the base was in such a remote location, the Soviets needed to have some way of communicating with the headquarters back in Vladivostok.
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Radio would have been too easy to hack, and so he came to the conclusion that they must have run an underwater telephone cable through the sea of Okhotsk.
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If such a cable did exist, Intercepting it could give the Americans all they needed to know about the Soviets' nuclear capabilities.
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It was an idea too good to turn down, and so, with the help of the CIA and the Navy, Operation Ivy Bells was officially underway.
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But finding a cable hundreds of feet below a massive expanse of sea seemed like an impossible task.
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Luckily, Captain Bradley once again had a plan.
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He remembered back to his childhood along the Mississippi River, where signs would warn fishing boats whenever there was an underwater cable.
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If the Soviet cable did exist, he was sure that there would be similar signs along the Russian coast.
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After a month-long journey, the USS Halibut finally entered the Sea of Okhotsk.
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The crew began slowly creeping up the coast, inspecting the shoreline through a periscope.
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It took over a week of constant searching, but amazingly, they finally came across exactly what Captain Bradley had imagined.
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The submarine anchored itself in place and a team of divers made the dangerous 400 feet descent to start installing the wiretap.
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The device worked by induction and so when a conversation was sent through the cable,
27
the electric pulses would be picked up and recorded onto a tape recorder inside the device.
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If the Soviets ever tried to raise the cable for maintenance, the device was designed to detach and sink to the bottom of the ocean.
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After a month of recording, the submarine returned to the device, and the tapes were sent back to the US to be decoded and translated by Ronald Pelton,
30
an NSA analyst who was fluent in Russian.
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When the team received the first transcripts, they were amazed.
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The device had picked up thousands of conversations between high-ranking Soviets, openly talking about what kind of nuclear weapons they had,
33
their range limitations, and how ready they were to be put into use.
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Thanks to the wiretap, the Americans also knew exactly when and where Soviet submarines were heading out to sea,
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allowing them to quietly follow them at close range.
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Every month, the USS Halibut would return to the cable to retrieve the tapes and replace the battery.
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Several years went by, and the device just kept feeding the US with crucial information.
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But it was all about to come to a mysterious end.
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To find information about what happened next, I had to do some serious digging.
40
Russian sites said one thing, and American sites said something else.
41
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42
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51
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52
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53
After an entire decade of secretly spying on the Soviets, the US wiretap at the bottom of the ocean was about to go silent.
54
In 1981, an American surveillance satellite showed a group of Soviet ships hovering around the exact spot where the device was located.
55
The The US immediately sent a submarine out to try and recover the device, but it was too late.
56
The device was gone.
57
Only a handful of intelligence officers even knew the wiretap existed.
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So how, after 10 years, did the Soviets suddenly pinpoint its exact location?
59
As it turned out, the Americans had a spy in their midst.
60
It all started a year earlier, when a strange phone call was made to the Soviet Embassy in Washington.
61
The caller claimed to have crucial information for the Soviets and wanted to arrange a meeting and exchange for cash.
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At the embassy, the man met with KGB officer Vitaly Yurchenko and started telling him all about Operation Ivy Bells, where the wiretap was located,
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how it worked, and what the Americans had learned through the cable.
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As it turned out, the mysterious man was none other than Ronald Pelton, the American analyst who translated the wiretap's messages.
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His life had fallen apart.
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He no longer had his job at the NSA.
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His wife had left him, and he was now bankrupt with over $60,000 of debt.
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And so, in a desperate attempt to make money, he decided to sell his secrets.
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Pelton had just given away one of America's most top secret missions.
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And it was essentially all for nothing, since the Soviets only paid him $35,000.
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He was still massively in debt, and it was only a matter of time before he got caught.
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Ironically, the FBI had already wiretapped the Soviet Embassy's phone lines and became instantly suspicious when they heard the call.
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But Pelton never gave away his name, and so they had no idea it was him.
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Over the next few years, Pelton continued to meet with KGB officers in Washington and Vienna,
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supplying them with everything he knew about America's attempts to spy on the Soviets.
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But it was all about to come to an end in one final twist.
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KGB officer Yurchenko, who had taken Pelton's initial call, was on an assignment in Rome.
78
While touring around the Vatican, he mysteriously slipped away from his colleagues and headed straight for the U.S.
79
Embassy.
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When he was there, he announced that he wanted to change sides and start working for the Americans.
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was doing the exact same thing that Pelton did.
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Almost immediately, he was flown to the States and put into a safe house in Virginia where the CIA began questioning him.
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It wasn't clear exactly why Yurchenko had suddenly switched sides, but right away he started to give the Americans some interesting information.
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Although he didn't have a name, he told them that the man who revealed the wiretapping secrets was an NSA analyst with red hair.
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It wasn't much to go on, but the FBI compiled a list of red-haired analysts and listened back to the recordings of the phone call.
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And, sure enough, it matched with Ronald Pelton's profile.
87
They tracked him down and arrested him, and almost immediately he admitted to spying for the Soviets.
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Pelton was given three life sentences and ended up serving 30 years in prison until 2015,
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the longest ever sentence served for espionage at the time.

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คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้

บทเรียนฝึกพูดระดับ B2 นี้ใช้วิดีโอ “How The CIA Hacked Russia” เป็นสื่อ คำที่ถูกพูดซ้ำบ่อยที่สุด: Soviet, cable, device, submarine, Pelton วิดีโอนี้มี 89 ประโยค และ 1441 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 9:20 ผู้พูดพูดด้วยความเร็วเป็นธรรมชาติ ประมาณ 154 คำต่อนาที ใกล้เคียงกับบทสนทนาในชีวิตประจำวัน มีเพียง 81% ของคำที่อยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ คำศัพท์จึงค่อนข้างยาก

คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้

คำที่ยากที่สุด 15 คำในวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:

คำศัพท์คำอ่านความหมาย
submarine คำนาม/sʌb.məˈɹiːn/เรือดำน้ำ
embassy คำนาม/ˈɛmbəsi/สถานทูต, สถานเอกอัครราชทูต
translate คำกริยา/tɹænzˈleɪt/แปล
mysterious คำคุณศัพท์/mɪˈstɪɹi.əs/ลี้ลับ
espionage คำนาม/ˈɛs.pi.əˌnɑːʒ/จารกรรม
trustworthy คำคุณศัพท์/ˈtɹʌst.wɜː.ði/น่าไว้ใจ
fluent คำคุณศัพท์/ˈfluənt/คล่อง, คล่องแคล่ว
amidst/aˈmɪdst/ท่ามกลาง
attach คำกริยา/əˈtæt͡ʃ/ติด
colleague คำนาม/ˈkɒliːɡ/เพื่อนร่วมงาน
warn คำกริยา/woɹn/เตือน
anchor คำนาม/ˈæŋ.kəː/สมอ
headline คำนาม/ˈhɛd.laɪn/หัวเรื่อง, หัวข่าว
echo คำนาม/ˈɛk.oʊ/เสียงสะท้อน
pulse คำนาม/pʌls/ชีพจร

กริยาวลีที่คุณจะได้ยิน

คำศัพท์ความหมาย
pick up คำกริยายก, หยิบ

ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้

โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:

โครงสร้างในวิดีโอ
Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำbeen built · was sent · would be picked
Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบันhas just crossed · has even recognized

การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง

ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 5 ครั้ง เช่น they're, wasn't, didn't ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน

  • เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: espionage /ˈɛs.pi.əˌnɑːʒ/, vanish /ˈvænɪʃ/, limitation /lɪmɪˈteɪʃən/, induction /ɪnˈdʌkʃən/, suspicious /səˈspɪʃ.əs/
  • คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: underwater /ʌndɚˈwɔtəɹ/, mysterious /mɪˈstɪɹi.əs/, conglomerate /kənˈɡlɑ.mɚ.ət/, espionage /ˈɛs.pi.əˌnɑːʒ/, personalize /ˈpɜː.sə.nə.laɪz/

เสียงที่คนไทยมักออกเสียงยาก:

  • เสียงท้ายคำ — ออกเสียงให้ครบ ไม่เปลี่ยนเป็นตัวสะกดแบบไทย: primal /ˈpɹaɪməl/, mysterious /mɪˈstɪɹi.əs/, compile /kəmˈpaɪl/, detach /dɪˈtæt͡ʃ/, expanse /ɪkˈspæns/
  • /v/ — ไม่ใช่ /w/ ให้ฟันบนแตะริมฝีปากล่าง: vanish /ˈvænɪʃ/, massively /ˈmæs.ɪv.li/, retrieve /ɹɪˈtɹiːv/, surveillance /sɚˈveɪ.ləns/
  • /z/ — เสียงก้อง ไม่ใช่ /s/: translate /tɹænzˈleɪt/, personalize /ˈpɜː.sə.nə.laɪz/, amazingly /əˈmeɪzɪŋli/

วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้

  1. ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
  2. เริ่มที่ความเร็ว 0.75× พูดตามทีละประโยค แล้วกลับไปใช้ความเร็วปกติเมื่อเริ่มคล่อง
  3. อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง submarine, embassy, translate เป็นพิเศษ

เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?

Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ

เทคนิค shadowing: อ่านคู่มือฉบับเต็มทีละขั้นตอน →