シャドーイング練習: How The CIA Hacked Russia - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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October 1971.

An American spy submarine has just crossed into Soviet waters, an area completely off-limits to outsiders.

Most people on board the submarine have no idea why they're here.

But some do.

They're searching for an underwater telephone cable that connects a brand new Soviet nuclear base to its headquarters over 1,000 miles away.

Attached to the submarine is a custom-made device, designed to wrap around the cable and record every bit of information that passes through it.

For 10 years, this device secretly fed Americans with a gold mine of information, until one day it vanished.

By 1970, the US and the Soviet Union were deep into the Cold War, and the constant threat of nuclear attacks meant

that both sides were desperate for any bit of information they could get their hands on.

The US learned that a brand new nuclear submarine base had just been built in Petroplavsk, in the far east of Russia.

It seemed strategically positioned for an attack on the US, and so Americans made it their goal to start spying on the base.

But instead of sending in real spies or relying on satellite imagery, they wanted something more substantial.

Captain James Bradley, director of Undersea Warfare, was studying a map of the region when it suddenly hit him.

Since the base was in such a remote location, the Soviets needed to have some way of communicating with the headquarters back in Vladivostok.

Radio would have been too easy to hack, and so he came to the conclusion that they must have run an underwater telephone cable through the sea of Okhotsk.

If such a cable did exist, Intercepting it could give the Americans all they needed to know about the Soviets' nuclear capabilities.

It was an idea too good to turn down, and so, with the help of the CIA and the Navy, Operation Ivy Bells was officially underway.

But finding a cable hundreds of feet below a massive expanse of sea seemed like an impossible task.

Luckily, Captain Bradley once again had a plan.

He remembered back to his childhood along the Mississippi River, where signs would warn fishing boats whenever there was an underwater cable.

If the Soviet cable did exist, he was sure that there would be similar signs along the Russian coast.

After a month-long journey, the USS Halibut finally entered the Sea of Okhotsk.

The crew began slowly creeping up the coast, inspecting the shoreline through a periscope.

It took over a week of constant searching, but amazingly, they finally came across exactly what Captain Bradley had imagined.

The submarine anchored itself in place and a team of divers made the dangerous 400 feet descent to start installing the wiretap.

The device worked by induction and so when a conversation was sent through the cable,

the electric pulses would be picked up and recorded onto a tape recorder inside the device.

If the Soviets ever tried to raise the cable for maintenance, the device was designed to detach and sink to the bottom of the ocean.

After a month of recording, the submarine returned to the device, and the tapes were sent back to the US to be decoded and translated by Ronald Pelton,

an NSA analyst who was fluent in Russian.

When the team received the first transcripts, they were amazed.

The device had picked up thousands of conversations between high-ranking Soviets, openly talking about what kind of nuclear weapons they had,

their range limitations, and how ready they were to be put into use.

Thanks to the wiretap, the Americans also knew exactly when and where Soviet submarines were heading out to sea,

allowing them to quietly follow them at close range.

Every month, the USS Halibut would return to the cable to retrieve the tapes and replace the battery.

Several years went by, and the device just kept feeding the US with crucial information.

But it was all about to come to a mysterious end.

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After an entire decade of secretly spying on the Soviets, the US wiretap at the bottom of the ocean was about to go silent.

In 1981, an American surveillance satellite showed a group of Soviet ships hovering around the exact spot where the device was located.

The The US immediately sent a submarine out to try and recover the device, but it was too late.

The device was gone.

Only a handful of intelligence officers even knew the wiretap existed.

So how, after 10 years, did the Soviets suddenly pinpoint its exact location?

As it turned out, the Americans had a spy in their midst.

It all started a year earlier, when a strange phone call was made to the Soviet Embassy in Washington.

The caller claimed to have crucial information for the Soviets and wanted to arrange a meeting and exchange for cash.

At the embassy, the man met with KGB officer Vitaly Yurchenko and started telling him all about Operation Ivy Bells, where the wiretap was located,

how it worked, and what the Americans had learned through the cable.

As it turned out, the mysterious man was none other than Ronald Pelton, the American analyst who translated the wiretap's messages.

His life had fallen apart.

He no longer had his job at the NSA.

His wife had left him, and he was now bankrupt with over $60,000 of debt.

And so, in a desperate attempt to make money, he decided to sell his secrets.

Pelton had just given away one of America's most top secret missions.

And it was essentially all for nothing, since the Soviets only paid him $35,000.

He was still massively in debt, and it was only a matter of time before he got caught.

Ironically, the FBI had already wiretapped the Soviet Embassy's phone lines and became instantly suspicious when they heard the call.

But Pelton never gave away his name, and so they had no idea it was him.

Over the next few years, Pelton continued to meet with KGB officers in Washington and Vienna,

supplying them with everything he knew about America's attempts to spy on the Soviets.

But it was all about to come to an end in one final twist.

KGB officer Yurchenko, who had taken Pelton's initial call, was on an assignment in Rome.

While touring around the Vatican, he mysteriously slipped away from his colleagues and headed straight for the U.S.

Embassy.

When he was there, he announced that he wanted to change sides and start working for the Americans.

was doing the exact same thing that Pelton did.

Almost immediately, he was flown to the States and put into a safe house in Virginia where the CIA began questioning him.

It wasn't clear exactly why Yurchenko had suddenly switched sides, but right away he started to give the Americans some interesting information.

Although he didn't have a name, he told them that the man who revealed the wiretapping secrets was an NSA analyst with red hair.

It wasn't much to go on, but the FBI compiled a list of red-haired analysts and listened back to the recordings of the phone call.

And, sure enough, it matched with Ronald Pelton's profile.

They tracked him down and arrested him, and almost immediately he admitted to spying for the Soviets.

Pelton was given three life sentences and ended up serving 30 years in prison until 2015,

the longest ever sentence served for espionage at the time.

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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

このB2レベルのスピーキングレッスンは、動画「How The CIA Hacked Russia」を教材にしています。繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：Soviet, cable, device, submarine, Pelton。この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が89文、単語が1441語あります。音声の長さは9:20です。話す速さは1分あたり約154語で、日常会話に近い自然なペースです。英語の頻出3,000語に含まれる単語は81%だけなので、語彙は難しめです。

この動画の重要語彙

動画の中で特に難しい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。

単語	発音	意味
submarine 名詞	/sʌb.məˈɹiːn/	潜水艦, サブマリン
wiretap 名詞	/ˈwaɪɚtæp/	盗聴器
underwater 形容詞	/ʌndɚˈwɔtəɹ/	水中の
embassy 名詞	/ˈɛmbəsi/	大使館
translate 動詞	/tɹænzˈleɪt/	訳す, 翻訳する
secretly 副詞	/ˈsiː.kɹɪt.li/	ひそかに
mysterious 形容詞	/mɪˈstɪɹi.əs/	神秘的な, ミステリアスな
compile 動詞	/kəmˈpaɪl/	編集する
conglomerate 名詞	/kənˈɡlɑ.mɚ.ət/	コングロマリット
decode 動詞	/dɪˈkəʊd/	解読する
espionage 名詞	/ˈɛs.pi.əˌnɑːʒ/	スパイ行為, スパイ罪
periscope 名詞	/ˈpɛɹɪskoʊp/	潜望鏡
shoreline 名詞		海岸線, 汀線
vanish 動詞	/ˈvænɪʃ/	消える
trustworthy 形容詞	/ˈtɹʌst.wɜː.ði/	頼もしい, 信頼できる

動画に出てくる句動詞

単語	意味
pick up 動詞	拾う, 拾い上げる
check out 動詞	試験する, 検査する
get off 動詞	降りる
take over 動詞	引き受ける
turn down 動詞	断る

この動画の文法

話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。

文型	動画での表現
受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる	been built · was sent · would be picked
現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している	has just crossed · has even recognized

注意したい発音

話し手はthey're, wasn't, didn'tなど、短縮形や弱形を5回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。

「sh」と「zh」の音: espionage /ˈɛs.pi.əˌnɑːʒ/, vanish /ˈvænɪʃ/, limitation /lɪmɪˈteɪʃən/, induction /ɪnˈdʌkʃən/, suspicious /səˈspɪʃ.əs/
長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: underwater /ʌndɚˈwɔtəɹ/, mysterious /mɪˈstɪɹi.əs/, conglomerate /kənˈɡlɑ.mɚ.ət/, espionage /ˈɛs.pi.əˌnɑːʒ/, personalize /ˈpɜː.sə.nə.laɪz/

日本語話者が苦手な音：

/r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: primal /ˈpɹaɪməl/, translate /tɹænzˈleɪt/, secretly /ˈsiː.kɹɪt.li/, ironically /aɪˈɹɑnɪkli/, credibility /kɹɛd.əˈbɪ.ɫɪ.ti/
/v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: vanish /ˈvænɪʃ/, massively /ˈmæs.ɪv.li/, retrieve /ɹɪˈtɹiːv/, surveillance /sɚˈveɪ.ləns/
/f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: fluent /ˈfluənt/, differ /ˈdɪfɚ/, handful /ˈhæn(d)fʊl/, inform /ɪnˈfɔɹm/

この動画での練習方法

まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。submarine, wiretap, underwaterなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

シャドーイングのやり方: ステップ別の完全ガイドを読む →

シャドーイング練習: How The CIA Hacked Russia - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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