शैडोइंग अभ्यास: How The CIA Hacked Russia - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें
अभ्यास मोड चुनें
हर मोड पूरी स्क्रीन का अभ्यास कक्ष खोलता है।
89 वाक्य
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1
October 1971.
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An American spy submarine has just crossed into Soviet waters, an area completely off-limits to outsiders.
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Most people on board the submarine have no idea why they're here.
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But some do.
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They're searching for an underwater telephone cable that connects a brand new Soviet nuclear base to its headquarters over 1,000 miles away.
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Attached to the submarine is a custom-made device, designed to wrap around the cable and record every bit of information that passes through it.
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For 10 years, this device secretly fed Americans with a gold mine of information, until one day it vanished.
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By 1970, the US and the Soviet Union were deep into the Cold War, and the constant threat of nuclear attacks meant
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that both sides were desperate for any bit of information they could get their hands on.
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The US learned that a brand new nuclear submarine base had just been built in Petroplavsk, in the far east of Russia.
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It seemed strategically positioned for an attack on the US, and so Americans made it their goal to start spying on the base.
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But instead of sending in real spies or relying on satellite imagery, they wanted something more substantial.
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Captain James Bradley, director of Undersea Warfare, was studying a map of the region when it suddenly hit him.
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Since the base was in such a remote location, the Soviets needed to have some way of communicating with the headquarters back in Vladivostok.
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Radio would have been too easy to hack, and so he came to the conclusion that they must have run an underwater telephone cable through the sea of Okhotsk.
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If such a cable did exist, Intercepting it could give the Americans all they needed to know about the Soviets' nuclear capabilities.
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It was an idea too good to turn down, and so, with the help of the CIA and the Navy, Operation Ivy Bells was officially underway.
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But finding a cable hundreds of feet below a massive expanse of sea seemed like an impossible task.
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Luckily, Captain Bradley once again had a plan.
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He remembered back to his childhood along the Mississippi River, where signs would warn fishing boats whenever there was an underwater cable.
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If the Soviet cable did exist, he was sure that there would be similar signs along the Russian coast.
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After a month-long journey, the USS Halibut finally entered the Sea of Okhotsk.
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The crew began slowly creeping up the coast, inspecting the shoreline through a periscope.
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It took over a week of constant searching, but amazingly, they finally came across exactly what Captain Bradley had imagined.
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The submarine anchored itself in place and a team of divers made the dangerous 400 feet descent to start installing the wiretap.
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The device worked by induction and so when a conversation was sent through the cable,
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the electric pulses would be picked up and recorded onto a tape recorder inside the device.
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If the Soviets ever tried to raise the cable for maintenance, the device was designed to detach and sink to the bottom of the ocean.
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After a month of recording, the submarine returned to the device, and the tapes were sent back to the US to be decoded and translated by Ronald Pelton,
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an NSA analyst who was fluent in Russian.
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When the team received the first transcripts, they were amazed.
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The device had picked up thousands of conversations between high-ranking Soviets, openly talking about what kind of nuclear weapons they had,
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their range limitations, and how ready they were to be put into use.
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Thanks to the wiretap, the Americans also knew exactly when and where Soviet submarines were heading out to sea,
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allowing them to quietly follow them at close range.
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Every month, the USS Halibut would return to the cable to retrieve the tapes and replace the battery.
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Several years went by, and the device just kept feeding the US with crucial information.
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But it was all about to come to a mysterious end.
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To find information about what happened next, I had to do some serious digging.
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Russian sites said one thing, and American sites said something else.
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52
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After an entire decade of secretly spying on the Soviets, the US wiretap at the bottom of the ocean was about to go silent.
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In 1981, an American surveillance satellite showed a group of Soviet ships hovering around the exact spot where the device was located.
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The The US immediately sent a submarine out to try and recover the device, but it was too late.
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The device was gone.
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Only a handful of intelligence officers even knew the wiretap existed.
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So how, after 10 years, did the Soviets suddenly pinpoint its exact location?
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As it turned out, the Americans had a spy in their midst.
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It all started a year earlier, when a strange phone call was made to the Soviet Embassy in Washington.
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The caller claimed to have crucial information for the Soviets and wanted to arrange a meeting and exchange for cash.
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At the embassy, the man met with KGB officer Vitaly Yurchenko and started telling him all about Operation Ivy Bells, where the wiretap was located,
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how it worked, and what the Americans had learned through the cable.
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As it turned out, the mysterious man was none other than Ronald Pelton, the American analyst who translated the wiretap's messages.
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His life had fallen apart.
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He no longer had his job at the NSA.
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His wife had left him, and he was now bankrupt with over $60,000 of debt.
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And so, in a desperate attempt to make money, he decided to sell his secrets.
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Pelton had just given away one of America's most top secret missions.
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And it was essentially all for nothing, since the Soviets only paid him $35,000.
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He was still massively in debt, and it was only a matter of time before he got caught.
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Ironically, the FBI had already wiretapped the Soviet Embassy's phone lines and became instantly suspicious when they heard the call.
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But Pelton never gave away his name, and so they had no idea it was him.
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Over the next few years, Pelton continued to meet with KGB officers in Washington and Vienna,
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supplying them with everything he knew about America's attempts to spy on the Soviets.
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But it was all about to come to an end in one final twist.
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KGB officer Yurchenko, who had taken Pelton's initial call, was on an assignment in Rome.
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While touring around the Vatican, he mysteriously slipped away from his colleagues and headed straight for the U.S.
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Embassy.
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When he was there, he announced that he wanted to change sides and start working for the Americans.
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was doing the exact same thing that Pelton did.
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Almost immediately, he was flown to the States and put into a safe house in Virginia where the CIA began questioning him.
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It wasn't clear exactly why Yurchenko had suddenly switched sides, but right away he started to give the Americans some interesting information.
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Although he didn't have a name, he told them that the man who revealed the wiretapping secrets was an NSA analyst with red hair.
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It wasn't much to go on, but the FBI compiled a list of red-haired analysts and listened back to the recordings of the phone call.
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And, sure enough, it matched with Ronald Pelton's profile.
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They tracked him down and arrested him, and almost immediately he admitted to spying for the Soviets.
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Pelton was given three life sentences and ended up serving 30 years in prison until 2015,
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the longest ever sentence served for espionage at the time.
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इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव
यह B2 स्तर का स्पीकिंग पाठ वीडियो “How The CIA Hacked Russia” पर आधारित है। सबसे ज़्यादा दोहराए गए शब्द ये हैं: Soviet, cable, device, submarine, Pelton। इस वीडियो में शैडोइंग के लिए 89 वाक्य और 1441 शब्द हैं। बोला गया हिस्सा 9:20 लंबा है। वक्ता लगभग 154 शब्द प्रति मिनट की स्वाभाविक गति से बोलता है, जो रोज़मर्रा की बातचीत के करीब है। केवल 81% शब्द अंग्रेज़ी के 3,000 सबसे आम शब्दों में से हैं, इसलिए शब्दावली कठिन है।
इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली
वीडियो के 15 सबसे कठिन शब्द, उच्चारण और अर्थ के साथ:
| शब्द | उच्चारण | अर्थ |
|---|---|---|
| submarine संज्ञा | /sʌb.məˈɹiːn/ | पनडुब्बी |
| embassy संज्ञा | /ˈɛmbəsi/ | दूतावास, राजदूतावास |
| translate क्रिया | /tɹænzˈleɪt/ | अनुवाद करना, भाषान्तर करना |
| secretly क्रिया विशेषण | /ˈsiː.kɹɪt.li/ | चुपके, छुपके |
| mysterious विशेषण | /mɪˈstɪɹi.əs/ | रहस्यपूर्ण, गूढ |
| espionage संज्ञा | /ˈɛs.pi.əˌnɑːʒ/ | गुप्तचर्या, जासूसी |
| expanse संज्ञा | /ɪkˈspæns/ | प्रसार |
| trustworthy विशेषण | /ˈtɹʌst.wɜː.ði/ | निष्ठावान |
| outsider संज्ञा | /ˌaʊtˈsaɪdəɹ/ | बाहरी, ग़ैर |
| inspect क्रिया | /ɪnˈspɛkt/ | जाँचना, जाँच करना |
| recorder संज्ञा | /ɹiˈkɔɹ.dəɹ/ | रिकॉर्डर |
| bankrupt विशेषण | /ˈbæŋk.ɹəpt/ | दिवालिया, दिवलीया |
| credibility संज्ञा | /kɹɛd.əˈbɪ.ɫɪ.ti/ | प्रामाणिकता |
| colleague संज्ञा | /ˈkɒliːɡ/ | सहकर्मी, साथी |
| arrange क्रिया | /əˈɹeɪnd͡ʒ/ | व्यवस्था करना |
वीडियो में आने वाली फ़्रेज़ल वर्ब
| शब्द | अर्थ |
|---|---|
| pick up क्रिया | उठाना |
इस वीडियो का व्याकरण
वक्ता जिन संरचनाओं का सबसे अधिक प्रयोग करता है, वीडियो के असली शब्दों के साथ:
| संरचना | वीडियो में |
|---|---|
| Passive voice be + past participle — ज़ोर इस पर कि क्या होता है, न कि कौन करता है | been built · was sent · would be picked |
| Present perfect have/has + past participle — बीता हुआ काम जिसका असर अभी भी है | has just crossed · has even recognized |
ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण
वक्ता 5 बार संक्षिप्त रूपों का प्रयोग करता है, जैसे they're, wasn't, didn't। इन्हें वैसे ही छोटा बोलें जैसा आप सुनते हैं।
- “sh” और “zh” की ध्वनियाँ: espionage /ˈɛs.pi.əˌnɑːʒ/, vanish /ˈvænɪʃ/, limitation /lɪmɪˈteɪʃən/, induction /ɪnˈdʌkʃən/, suspicious /səˈspɪʃ.əs/
- लंबे शब्द — बलाघात सही रखें: underwater /ʌndɚˈwɔtəɹ/, mysterious /mɪˈstɪɹi.əs/, conglomerate /kənˈɡlɑ.mɚ.ət/, espionage /ˈɛs.pi.əˌnɑːʒ/, personalize /ˈpɜː.sə.nə.laɪz/
हिंदी भाषियों के लिए मुश्किल ध्वनियाँ:
- /v/ और /w/ का फ़र्क़ — /v/ में ऊपर के दाँत निचले होंठ को छूते हैं, /w/ में होंठ गोल होते हैं: wiretap /ˈwaɪɚtæp/, underwater /ʌndɚˈwɔtəɹ/, vanish /ˈvænɪʃ/, trustworthy /ˈtɹʌst.wɜː.ði/, massively /ˈmæs.ɪv.li/
- /z/ — इसे “ज” (/dʒ/) न बनाएँ: translate /tɹænzˈleɪt/, personalize /ˈpɜː.sə.nə.laɪz/, amazingly /əˈmeɪzɪŋli/
- शब्द की शुरुआत में s + व्यंजन — पहले “इ” न जोड़ें: sponsor /ˈspɒn.səː/, scan /skæn/
इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें
- पहले बिना बोले पूरा वीडियो एक बार सुनें और जो शब्द नहीं आते उन्हें लिख लें।
- 0.75× गति से शुरू करें, एक-एक वाक्य की शैडोइंग करें, और सहज लगने पर सामान्य गति पर लौटें।
- अपनी आवाज़ रिकॉर्ड करें और मूल से तुलना करें, ख़ासकर submarine, embassy, translate जैसे शब्दों पर ध्यान दें।
शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?
शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।